ATP6V1B2 explained

V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1B2 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A, three B, and two G subunits, as well as a C, D, E, F, and H subunit. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The protein encoded by this gene is one of two V1 domain B subunit isoforms and is the only B isoform highly expressed in osteoclasts.^[3]

In melanocytic cells ATP6V1B2 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.^[4]

Further reading

• Finbow ME, Harrison MA . The vacuolar H+-ATPase: a universal proton pump of eukaryotes. . Biochem. J. . 324 . 3. 697–712 . 1997 . 9210392 . 10.1042/bj3240697. 1218484 .
• Stevens TH, Forgac M . Structure, function and regulation of the vacuolar (H+)-ATPase. . Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. . 13 . 779–808 . 1998 . 9442887 . 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.13.1.779 .
• Nelson N, Harvey WR . Vacuolar and plasma membrane proton-adenosinetriphosphatases. . Physiol. Rev. . 79 . 2 . 361–85 . 1999 . 10221984 . 10.1152/physrev.1999.79.2.361. 1477911 .
• Forgac M . Structure and properties of the vacuolar (H+)-ATPases. . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 19 . 12951–4 . 1999 . 10224039 . 10.1074/jbc.274.19.12951 . free .
• Kane PM . Introduction: V-ATPases 1992-1998. . J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. . 31 . 1 . 3–5 . 1999 . 10340843 . 10.1023/A:1001884227654 .
• Wieczorek H, Brown D, Grinstein S . Animal plasma membrane energization by proton-motive V-ATPases. . BioEssays . 21 . 8 . 637–48 . 1999 . 10440860 . 10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(199908)21:8<637::AID-BIES3>3.0.CO;2-W . 23505139 . etal.
• Nishi T, Forgac M . The vacuolar (H+)-ATPases--nature's most versatile proton pumps. . Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. . 3 . 2 . 94–103 . 2002 . 11836511 . 10.1038/nrm729 . 21122465 .
• Kawasaki-Nishi S, Nishi T, Forgac M . Proton translocation driven by ATP hydrolysis in V-ATPases. . FEBS Lett. . 545 . 1 . 76–85 . 2003 . 12788495 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00396-X . 10507213 .
• Morel N . Neurotransmitter release: the dark side of the vacuolar-H+ATPase. . Biol. Cell . 95 . 7 . 453–7 . 2004 . 14597263 . 10.1016/S0248-4900(03)00075-3 . 17519696 . free .
• Nelson RD, Guo XL, Masood K . Selectively amplified expression of an isoform of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase 56-kilodalton subunit in renal intercalated cells. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 89 . 8 . 3541–5 . 1992 . 1373501 . 10.1073/pnas.89.8.3541 . 48904 . 1992PNAS...89.3541N . etal. free .
• Lee BS, Underhill DM, Crane MK, Gluck SL . Transcriptional regulation of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase B2 subunit gene in differentiating THP-1 cells. . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 13 . 7320–9 . 1995 . 7706273 . 10.1074/jbc.270.13.7320 . free .
• van Hille B, Richener H, Schmid P . Heterogeneity of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase: differential expression of two human subunit B isoforms. . Biochem. J. . 303 . 1. 191–8 . 1994 . 7945239 . 10.1042/bj3030191. 1137575 . etal.

Notes and References

1. Bernasconi P, Rausch T, Struve I, Morgan L, Taiz L . An mRNA from human brain encodes an isoform of the B subunit of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase . J Biol Chem . 265 . 29 . 17428–31 . Nov 1990 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)38179-1 . 2145275 . free .
2. Smith AN, Lovering RC, Futai M, Takeda J, Brown D, Karet FE . Revised nomenclature for mammalian vacuolar-type H+ -ATPase subunit genes . Mol Cell . 12 . 4 . 801–3 . Oct 2003 . 14580332 . 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00397-6 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: ATP6V1B2 ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 56/58kDa, V1 subunit B2.
4. Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM . Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy . Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. . 21 . 6 . 665–76 . 2008 . 19067971 . 10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x . 24698373 . etal. free .