ATP5PF explained

Symbol:	ATP-synt_F6
Mitochondrial ATP synthase coupling factor 6 (F6)
Pfam:	PF05511
Interpro:	IPR008387

ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial is an enzyme subunit that in humans is encoded by the ATP5PF gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F₁, and the membrane-spanning component, F_O, which comprises the proton channel. The F₁ complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The F_O seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the F6 subunit of the F_O complex, required for F₁ and F_O interactions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene.^[3]

The F6 subunit is part of the peripheral stalk that links the F₁ and F_O complexes together, and which acts as a stator to prevent certain subunits from rotating with the central rotary element. The peripheral stalk differs in subunit composition between mitochondrial, chloroplast and bacterial F-ATPases. In mitochondria, the peripheral stalk is composed of one copy each of subunits OSCP (oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein), F6, b and d.^[4] There is no homologue of subunit F6 in bacterial or chloroplast F-ATPase, whose peripheral stalks are composed of one copy of the delta subunit (homologous to OSCP), and two copies of subunit b in bacteria, or one copy each of subunits b and b' in chloroplasts and photosynthetic bacteria.

Further reading

• Kinosita K, Yasuda R, Noji H . F1-ATPase: a highly efficient rotary ATP machine . Essays in Biochemistry . 35 . 3–18 . 2003 . 12471886 . 10.1042/bse0350003.
• Oster G, Wang H . Rotary protein motors . Trends in Cell Biology . 13 . 3 . 114–21 . Mar 2003 . 12628343 . 10.1016/S0962-8924(03)00004-7 .
• Leyva JA, Bianchet MA, Amzel LM . Understanding ATP synthesis: structure and mechanism of the F1-ATPase (Review) . Molecular Membrane Biology . 20 . 1 . 27–33 . 2003 . 12745923 . 10.1080/0968768031000066532 . 218895820 . free .
• Hochstrasser DF, Frutiger S, Paquet N, Bairoch A, Ravier F, Pasquali C, Sanchez JC, Tissot JD, Bjellqvist B, Vargas R . Human liver protein map: a reference database established by microsequencing and gel comparison . Electrophoresis . 13 . 12 . 992–1001 . Dec 1992 . 1286669 . 10.1002/elps.11501301201 . 23518983 .
• Yan WL, Lerner TJ, Haines JL, Gusella JF . Sequence analysis and mapping of a novel human mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9 cDNA (ATP5G3) . Genomics . 24 . 2 . 375–7 . Nov 1994 . 7698763 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1631 .
• Elston T, Wang H, Oster G . Energy transduction in ATP synthase . Nature . 391 . 6666 . 510–3 . Jan 1998 . 9461222 . 10.1038/35185 . 1998Natur.391..510E . 4406161 .
• Webster KA, Oliver NA, Wallace DC . Assignment of an oligomycin-resistance locus to human chromosome 10 . Somatic Cell Genetics . 8 . 2 . 223–44 . Mar 1982 . 9732751 . 10.1007/BF01538679 . 12445064 .
• Wang H, Oster G . Energy transduction in the F1 motor of ATP synthase . Nature . 396 . 6708 . 279–82 . Nov 1998 . 9834036 . 10.1038/24409 . 1998Natur.396..279W . 4424498 .
• Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, Böcher M, Blöcker H, Bauersachs S, Blum H, Lauber J, Düsterhöft A, Beyer A, Köhrer K, Strack N, Mewes HW, Ottenwälder B, Obermaier B, Tampe J, Heubner D, Wambutt R, Korn B, Klein M, Poustka A . Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs . Genome Research . 11 . 3 . 422–35 . Mar 2001 . 11230166 . 311072 . 10.1101/gr.GR1547R .
• Osanai T, Nakamura M, Sasaki S, Tomita H, Saitoh M, Osawa H, Yamabe H, Murakami S, Magota K, Okumura K . Plasma concentration of coupling factor 6 and cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease . Kidney International . 64 . 6 . 2291–7 . Dec 2003 . 14633154 . 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00334.x . free .
• Cross RL . Molecular motors: turning the ATP motor . Nature . 427 . 6973 . 407–8 . Jan 2004 . 14749816 . 10.1038/427407b . 2004Natur.427..407C . 52819856 . free .
• Jacobs LJ, de Coo IF, Nijland JG, Galjaard RJ, Los FJ, Schoonderwoerd K, Niermeijer MF, Geraedts JP, Scholte HR, Smeets HJ . Transmission and prenatal diagnosis of the T9176C mitochondrial DNA mutation . Molecular Human Reproduction . 11 . 3 . 223–8 . Mar 2005 . 15709156 . 10.1093/molehr/gah152 . 10.1.1.603.8165 .

Notes and References

1. Higuti T, Tsurumi C, Kawamura Y, Tsujita H, Osaka F, Yoshihara Y, Tani I, Tanaka K, Ichihara A . Molecular cloning of cDNA for the import precursor of human coupling factor 6 of H(+)-ATP synthase in mitochondria . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 178 . 2 . 793–9 . Jul 1991 . 1830479 . 10.1016/0006-291X(91)90178-A .
2. Javed AA, Ogata K, Sanadi DR . Human mitochondrial ATP synthase: cloning cDNA for the nuclear-encoded precursor of coupling factor 6 . Gene . 97 . 2 . 307–10 . Jan 1991 . 1825642 . 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90068-M .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: ATP5PF ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit F6 .
4. Carbajo RJ, Kellas FA, Runswick MJ, Montgomery MG, Walker JE, Neuhaus D . Structure of the F1-binding domain of the stator of bovine F1Fo-ATPase and how it binds an alpha-subunit . Journal of Molecular Biology . 351 . 4 . 824–38 . Aug 2005 . 16045926 . 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.06.012 .