ATP5H explained

The human gene ATP5PD encodes subunit d of the peripheral stalk part of the enzyme mitochondrial ATP synthase.^{[1] [2]}

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F₁, and the membrane-spanning component, F₀, which comprises the proton channel. The F₁ complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The F_o seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the d subunit of the F_o complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. In addition, three pseudogenes are located on chromosomes 9, 12 and 15.^[2]

Further reading

• Kinosita K, Yasuda R, Noji H . F1-ATPase: a highly efficient rotary ATP machine. . Essays Biochem. . 35 . 3–18 . 2003 . 12471886 . 10.1042/bse0350003.
• Oster G, Wang H . Rotary protein motors. . Trends Cell Biol. . 13 . 3 . 114–21 . 2003 . 12628343 . 10.1016/S0962-8924(03)00004-7 .
• Leyva JA, Bianchet MA, Amzel LM . Understanding ATP synthesis: structure and mechanism of the F1-ATPase (Review). . Mol. Membr. Biol. . 20 . 1 . 27–33 . 2003 . 12745923 . 10.1080/0968768031000066532 . 218895820 . free .
• Higuti T, Kuroiwa K, Miyazaki S . The complete amino acid sequence of subunit d of rat liver mitochondrial H(+)-ATP synthase. . J. Biochem. . 114 . 5 . 714–7 . 1994 . 7509337 . 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124242. etal.
• Elston T, Wang H, Oster G . Energy transduction in ATP synthase. . Nature . 391 . 6666 . 510–3 . 1998 . 9461222 . 10.1038/35185 . 1998Natur.391..510E . 4406161 .
• Wang H, Oster G . Energy transduction in the F1 motor of ATP synthase. . Nature . 396 . 6708 . 279–82 . 1998 . 9834036 . 10.1038/24409 . 1998Natur.396..279W . 4424498 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . etal. free .
• Cross RL . Molecular motors: turning the ATP motor. . Nature . 427 . 6973 . 407–8 . 2004 . 14749816 . 10.1038/427407b . 2004Natur.427..407C . 52819856 . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.

Notes and References

1. Zhang QH, Ye M, Wu XY, Ren SX, Zhao M, Zhao CJ, Fu G, Shen Y, Fan HY, Lu G, Zhong M, Xu XR, Han ZG, Zhang JW, Tao J, Huang QH, Zhou J, Hu GX, Gu J, Chen SJ, Chen Z . Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells . Genome Res . 10 . 10 . 1546–60 . Nov 2000 . 11042152 . 310934 . 10.1101/gr.140200 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: ATP5PD ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit d.