ATP5G3 explained

The ATP5MC3 gene is one of three human paralogs that encode membrane subunit c of the mitochondrial ATP synthase.^{[1] [2]}

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene is one of three genes that encode subunit c of the proton channel. Each of the three genes have distinct mitochondrial import sequences but encode the identical mature protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified.^[2]

Further reading

• Farrell LB, Nagley P . Human liver cDNA clones encoding proteolipid subunit 9 of the mitochondrial ATPase complex. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 144 . 3 . 1257–64 . 1987 . 2883974 . 10.1016/0006-291X(87)91446-X .
• Dyer MR, Walker JE . Sequences of members of the human gene family for the c subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. . Biochem. J. . 293 . 1. 51–64 . 1993 . 8328972 . 10.1042/bj2930051. 1134319 .
• Elston T, Wang H, Oster G . Energy transduction in ATP synthase. . Nature . 391 . 6666 . 510–3 . 1998 . 9461222 . 10.1038/35185 . 1998Natur.391..510E . 4406161 .
• Wang H, Oster G . Energy transduction in the F1 motor of ATP synthase. . Nature . 396 . 6708 . 279–82 . 1998 . 9834036 . 10.1038/24409 . 1998Natur.396..279W . 4424498 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Lehner B, Semple JI, Brown SE . Analysis of a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid system and its use to predict the function of intracellular proteins encoded within the human MHC class III region. . Genomics . 83 . 1 . 153–67 . 2004 . 14667819 . 10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00235-0 . etal.
• Cross RL . Molecular motors: turning the ATP motor. . Nature . 427 . 6973 . 407–8 . 2004 . 14749816 . 10.1038/427407b . 2004Natur.427..407C . 52819856 . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS . Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. . Nature . 434 . 7034 . 724–31 . 2005 . 15815621 . 10.1038/nature03466 . 2005Natur.434..724H . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Yan WL, Lerner TJ, Haines JL, Gusella JF . Sequence analysis and mapping of a novel human mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9 cDNA (ATP5G3) . Genomics . 24 . 2 . 375–7 . May 1995 . 7698763 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1631 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 3.