ATP5G2 explained

The ATP5MC2 gene is one of three human paralogs that encode membrane subunit c of the mitochondrial ATP synthase.^{[1] [2]}

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, F0, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and single representatives of the gamma, delta, and epsilon subunits. The proton channel likely has nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). There are three separate genes which encode subunit c of the proton channel and they specify precursors with different import sequences but identical mature proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is one of three precursors of subunit c. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. This gene has multiple pseudogenes.^[2]

Further reading

• Farrell LB, Nagley P . Human liver cDNA clones encoding proteolipid subunit 9 of the mitochondrial ATPase complex. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 144 . 3 . 1257–64 . 1987 . 2883974 . 10.1016/0006-291X(87)91446-X .
• Yan WL, Lerner TJ, Haines JL, Gusella JF . Sequence analysis and mapping of a novel human mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9 cDNA (ATP5G3). . Genomics . 24 . 2 . 375–7 . 1995 . 7698763 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1631 .
• Houstĕk J, Andersson U, Tvrdík P . The expression of subunit c correlates with and thus may limit the biosynthesis of the mitochondrial F0F1-ATPase in brown adipose tissue. . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 13 . 7689–94 . 1995 . 7706317 . 10.1074/jbc.270.13.7689 . etal. free .
• Higuti T, Kawamura Y, Kuroiwa K . Molecular cloning and sequence of two cDNAs for human subunit c of H(+)-ATP synthase in mitochondria. . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1173 . 1 . 87–90 . 1993 . 8485160 . 10.1016/0167-4781(93)90249-D. etal.
• Elston T, Wang H, Oster G . Energy transduction in ATP synthase. . Nature . 391 . 6666 . 510–3 . 1998 . 9461222 . 10.1038/35185 . 1998Natur.391..510E . 4406161 .
• Wang H, Oster G . Energy transduction in the F1 motor of ATP synthase. . Nature . 396 . 6708 . 279–82 . 1998 . 9834036 . 10.1038/24409 . 1998Natur.396..279W . 4424498 .
• Harrington JJ, Sherf B, Rundlett S . Creation of genome-wide protein expression libraries using random activation of gene expression. . Nat. Biotechnol. . 19 . 5 . 440–5 . 2001 . 11329013 . 10.1038/88107 . 25064683 . etal.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Cross RL . Molecular motors: turning the ATP motor. . Nature . 427 . 6973 . 407–8 . 2004 . 14749816 . 10.1038/427407b . 2004Natur.427..407C . 52819856 . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Otsuki T, Ota T, Nishikawa T . Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries. . DNA Res. . 12 . 2 . 117–26 . 2007 . 16303743 . 10.1093/dnares/12.2.117 . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Dyer MR, Walker JE . Sequences of members of the human gene family for the c subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase . Biochem J . 293 . 1. 51–64 . Aug 1993 . 8328972 . 1134319 . 10.1042/bj2930051.
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: ATP5MC2 ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 2.