ATP1A4 explained

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP1A4 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+ -ATPases. Na+/K+ -ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for establishing and maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na and K ions across the plasma membrane. These gradients are essential for osmoregulation, for sodium-coupled transport of a variety of organic and inorganic molecules, and for electrical excitability of nerve and muscle. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, a large catalytic subunit (alpha) and a smaller glycoprotein subunit (beta). The catalytic subunit of Na+/K+ -ATPase is encoded by multiple genes. This gene encodes an alpha 4 subunit. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.

Further reading

• Lingrel JB, Orlowski J, Shull MM, Price EM . Molecular genetics of Na, K-ATPase . Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. . 38 . 37–89 . 1990 . 2158121 . 10.1016/S0079-6603(08)60708-4 . Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology . 978-0-12-540038-1 .
• Sverdlov ED, Broude NE, Sverdlov VE . Family of Na+,K+-ATPase genes. Intra-individual tissue-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism . FEBS Lett. . 221 . 1 . 129–33 . 1987 . 2887455 . 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80366-6 . etal. free .
• Sverdlov ED, Monastyrskaya GS, Broude NE . The family of human Na+,K+-ATPase genes. No less than five genes and/or pseudogenes related to the alpha-subunit . FEBS Lett. . 217 . 2 . 275–8 . 1987 . 3036582 . 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80677-4 . etal. free .
• Shamraj OI, Lingrel JB . A putative fourth Na+,K(+)-ATPase alpha-subunit gene is expressed in testis . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 91 . 26 . 12952–6 . 1995 . 7809153 . 10.1073/pnas.91.26.12952 . 45558 . free .
• Woo AL, James PF, Lingrel JB . Characterization of the fourth alpha isoform of the Na, K-ATPase . J. Membr. Biol. . 169 . 1 . 39–44 . 1999 . 10227850 . 10.1007/PL00005899 . 838189 .
• Woo AL, James PF, Lingrel JB . Sperm motility is dependent on a unique isoform of the Na, K-ATPase . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 27 . 20693–9 . 2000 . 10764792 . 10.1074/jbc.M002323200 . free .
• Woo AL, James PF, Lingrel JB . Roles of the Na, K-ATPase alpha4 isoform and the Na+/H+ exchanger in sperm motility . Mol. Reprod. Dev. . 62 . 3 . 348–56 . 2003 . 12112599 . 10.1002/mrd.90002 . 84176157 .
• Keryanov S, Gardner KL . Physical mapping and characterization of the human Na, K-ATPase isoform, ATP1A4 . Gene . 292 . 1–2 . 151–66 . 2002 . 12119109 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00647-9 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Lingrel J, Moseley A, Dostanic I . Functional roles of the alpha isoforms of the Na, K-ATPase . Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. . 986 . 354–9 . 2003 . 1 . 12763850 . 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07214.x . 2003NYASA.986..354L . 81201599 . etal.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . etal. free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Hlivko JT, Chakraborty S, Hlivko TJ . The human Na, K-ATPase alpha 4 isoform is an ouabain-sensitive alpha isoform that is expressed in sperm . Mol. Reprod. Dev. . 73 . 1 . 101–15 . 2006 . 16175638 . 10.1002/mrd.20383 . 24972193 . etal.
• Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y . Diversification of transcriptional modulation: Large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes . Genome Res. . 16 . 1 . 55–65 . 2006 . 16344560 . 10.1101/gr.4039406 . 1356129 . etal.
• Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE . The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1 . Nature . 441 . 7091 . 315–21 . 2006 . 16710414 . 10.1038/nature04727 . 2006Natur.441..315G . etal. free .
• Rodova M, Nguyen AN, Blanco G . The transcription factor CREMtau and cAMP regulate promoter activity of the Na, K-ATPase alpha4 isoform . Mol. Reprod. Dev. . 73 . 11 . 1435–47 . 2006 . 16894555 . 10.1002/mrd.20518 . 85128131 .

Notes and References

1. Buetow KH, Nishimura D, Nakamura Y, Jiang O, Murray JC . A detailed multipoint gene map of chromosome 1q . Genomics . 8 . 1 . 13–21 . May 1991 . 1981991 . 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90220-O .
2. Shull MM, Lingrel JB . Multiple genes encode the human Na+,K+-ATPase catalytic subunit . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 84 . 12 . 4039–43 . Jul 1987 . 3035563 . 305017 . 10.1073/pnas.84.12.4039 . 1987PNAS...84.4039S . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: ATP1A4 ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 4 polypeptide.