ATM (computer) explained

ATM Turbo
Aka:	АТМ-ТУРБО
Developer:	MicroArt and ATM; NedoPC
Type:	Home computer
Os:	ATM Turbo 1: Sinclair BASIC, TR-DOS, CP/M ATM Turbo 2+: iS-DOS/TASiS, DNA OS, Mr Gluk Reset Service
Cpu:	Zilog Z80
Cpuspeed:	3.5 and 7 MHz; 14 MHz (ZX Evolution)
Memory:	128 to 512 KB (ATM Turbo 1); 128 to 1024 KB (ATM Turbo 2+); 4MB RAM (ZX Evolution)
Storage:	Floppy disk, IDE devices (ATM Turbo 2)
Memory Card:	SD card (ZX Evolution)
Display:	SECAM TV, EGA monitor, VGA monitor (ZX Evolution)
Graphics:	256x192, 320x200, 640x200
Sound:	Beeper (1-bit); AY-3-8910; Covox
Compatibility:	ZX Spectrum
Related:	Pentagon (computer)

The ATM Turbo (ru: "АТМ-ТУРБО"), also known simply as ATM (from ru: "Ассоциация Творческой Молодёжи", meaning "Association of Creative Youth") is a ZX Spectrum clone, developed in Moscow in 1991,^[1] by two firms, MicroArt^[2] and ATM.

It offers enhanced characteristics, compared to the original Spectrum, such as a, RAM, ROM, AY-8910 (two chips in upgraded models), 8-bit DAC, 8-bit 8-channel ADC, RS-232, parallel port, Beta Disk Interface, IDE interface, AT/XT keyboard, text mode, and three new graphics modes.

The ATM can be emulated in Unreal Speccy v0.27 and higher.

History

ATM was developed in 1991 based on the Pentagon, a ZX Spectrum clone popular in Russia. In 1992 an upgraded model was introduced, named ATM Turbo 2.^[1] Up to 1994 the computer was produced by ATM and MicroArt; later the firms separated and production ended.

In 2004 NedoPC from Moscow resumed production.^[3] New versions called ATM Turbo 2+ and ZX Evolution were introduced.^[4]

Characteristics

Graphics modes

For compatibility purposes, the original ZX Spectrum mode is available.

New graphics modes offer expanded abilities:

• mode, with 2 out of 16 colors per 8x1 pixels. The Profi offers a similar mode, but the ATM can use the full set for both ink and paper.
• mode with a raster mode (a two-pixel chunky mode, not planar like EGA). Two games for this mode were converted directly from PC: Prince of Persia^[5] and Goblins,^[6] and one from Sony PlayStation: Time Gal.^[7] Other games that use this mode exist, like Ball Quest, released in August, 2006.^[8]

Palette:

• from a 64 color palette (6-bit RGB) can be set for all modes.

Operating systems

48K Sinclair BASIC, 128K Sinclair BASIC, TR-DOS, CP/M, iS-DOS, TASiS, DNA OS, Mr Gluk Reset Service.

Software

• ATM Turbo^[9]
• Virtual TR-DOS^[10]

Models

Many models exist. Models before version 6.00 are called ATM 1, later models are called ATM 2(2+) or ATM Turbo 2(2+) or simply Turbo 2+. An IDE interface is available since v6.00.JIO0UBH9BY8B9T7GVC6R (the latest model is 7.18^{[11] [1]}).

ATM Turbo 1 (1991)

Features:^{[12] [13]}

• Processor: Zilog Z80 at 3.5 and 7 MHz (turbo mode)
• RAM: 128 to 512 KB
• ROM: 64 to 128 KB
• Memory manager: standard for ZX Spectrum 128 (memory over 64KB is addressed through a window in the upper 16KB of address space), with the ability to include a zero page of RAM in the lower 16KB of the address space
• Graphics video modes: Standard ZX Spectrum mode (256x192, 2 colors per block of 8x8 pixels from 16 colors); 320x200 with 16 colors per pixel; 640x200 high resolution mode with 2 out of 16 colors per 8x1 pixels
• Color palette: 64 colors, 16 can be used at the same time
• Firmware: 48K BASIC / 128K BASIC; TR-DOS; CP/M 2.2
• Supported external drives: tape recorder (audio cassette); disk drive
• Sound devices: standard 1-bit beeper; AY-3-8910; Covox
• Additional devices: SECAM encoder for connection to a color TV; single-channel DAC; modem; parallel interface for connecting a printer; stereo audio amplifier (2x1W)
• Keyboard: mechanical matrix, standard ZX Spectrum layout (40 keys) or extended (64 keys)

ATM Turbo 2 (1993)

New features (relative to ATM Turbo 1):

• Memory manager: the ability to include any page of RAM or ROM in any of the quarters of the address space
• Text mode: 80x25 text video mode, characters are stored in the character generator ROM. It is possible to set any of 16 colors for the symbol and background
• Hardware vertical scrolling in 320x200 and 640x200 modes
• Supported external drives: controller for IDE devices (hard drives of any capacity, CD-ROM); Digital PLL added to floppy controller
• Additional devices: eight-channel DAC
• Keyboard: XT keyboard support, on-chip RAM 537RU10
• Removed: SECAM encoder

ATM Turbo 2+

New features (comparing to ATM Turbo 2):

• RAM: 128 to 1024 KB
• Additional devices: RS-232 interface; channel switch for DAC
• Keyboard: support for XT and AT keyboards, based on the 1816BE31 (i8031) microcontroller
• The xBIOS ROM has been specially developed for ATM Turbo 2+ with support for virtual floppies
• ROM version of Mr Gluk Reset Service
• Removed: Modem

ZX Evolution

New features (comparing to ATM Turbo 2+):^[14]

• Turbo mode up to 14 MHz, switchable via menu and software
• RAM: 4MB
• 2 expansion slots according to the ZXBUS standard, for connecting General Sound, etc.
• Flexible architecture based on FPGA (EP1K50) - third-party firmware available
• SD card with transparent BIOS support (EVO RESET SERVICE)
• Added VGA video output
• Non-volatile clock according to Mr Gluk standard, IDE interface according to Nemo standard, mouse according to Kempston Mouse standard
• Video scan rate similar to that of the Pentagon, with full support of border and multicolor effects

Notes and References

1. Web site: КОМПЬЮТЕРУ АТМ-ТУРБО 30 ЛЕТ! . ATM-TURBO COMPUTER IS 30 YEARS OLD! . invertor.ru . Russian.
2. Web site: КОМПЬЮТЕРУ АТМ-ТУРБО 30 ЛЕТ! . ATM-TURBO COMPUTER IS 30 YEARS OLD! . 2022-11-23 . МИКРОАРТ ПРО . ru.
3. Web site: Официальный сайт группы NedoPC! . Official website of the NedoPC group! . 2022-11-23 . nedopc.com . Russian.
4. Web site: ATM-turbo 1,2(+),3/ZX-Evolution: официальный сайт поддержки . ATM-turbo 1,2(+),3/ZX-Evolution: official support site . 2022-11-23 . atmturbo.nedopc.com . Russian.
5. Web site: Prince of Persia at Spectrum Computing - Sinclair ZX Spectrum games, software and hardware . 2022-11-23 . Spectrum Computing . en.
6. Web site: Goblins at Spectrum Computing - Sinclair ZX Spectrum games, software and hardware . 2022-11-23 . Spectrum Computing . en.
7. Web site: Time Gal at Spectrum Computing - Sinclair ZX Spectrum games, software and hardware . 2022-11-23 . Spectrum Computing . en.
8. Web site: Ball Quest at Spectrum Computing - Sinclair ZX Spectrum games, software and hardware . 2022-11-23 . Spectrum Computing . en.
9. Web site: Официальный сайт поддержки ATM-turbo 1,2,2+ . Official support site for ATM-Turbo 1,2,2+ . atmturbo.nedopc.com . Russian.
10. Web site: Virtual TR-DOS . vtrd.in . Russian.
11. Web site: ATM-Turbo 1,2(+),3/ZX-Evolution . atmturbo.nedopc.com . Russian.
12. Web site: Prince of Persia 1 ATM Turbo. www.popuw.com.
13. [:ru:ATM Turbo]
14. Web site: АТМ, ZxEvo, BaseConf . 2022-11-23 . Telegram.