Arrestin beta 1 explained

Arrestin, beta 1, also known as ARRB1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ARRB1 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

Members of arrestin/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or sensory signals. Arrestin beta 1 is a cytosolic protein and acts as a cofactor in the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (BARK) mediated desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors. Besides the central nervous system, it is expressed at high levels in peripheral blood leukocytes, and thus the BARK/beta-arrestin system is believed to play a major role in regulating receptor-mediated immune functions. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms of arrestin beta 1 have been described, however, their exact functions are not known.^[2] Beta-arrestin has been shown to play a role as a scaffold that binds intermediates and may direct G-protein signaling by connecting receptors to clathrin-mediated endocytosis.^[3]

Interactions

Arrestin beta 1 has been shown to interact with

• Arf6,^[4]
• PTHLH,^[5]
• DVL2^[6]
• Mdm2,^{[7] [8]}
• OPRD1,^[9]
• PSCD2,^[4] and
• RALGDS.^[10]

Further reading

• Lefkowitz RJ . G protein-coupled receptors. III. New roles for receptor kinases and beta-arrestins in receptor signaling and desensitization . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 273 . 30 . 18677–18680 . July 1998 . 9668034 . 10.1074/jbc.273.30.18677 . free .
• Lohse MJ, Benovic JL, Codina J, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ . beta-Arrestin: a protein that regulates beta-adrenergic receptor function . Science . 248 . 4962 . 1547–1550 . June 1990 . 2163110 . 10.1126/science.2163110 . 1990Sci...248.1547L .
• Calabrese G, Sallese M, Stornaiuolo A, Morizio E, Palka G, De Blasi A . Assignment of the beta-arrestin 1 gene (ARRB1) to human chromosome 11q13 . Genomics . 24 . 1 . 169–171 . November 1994 . 7896272 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1594 .
• Parruti G, Peracchia F, Sallese M, Ambrosini G, Masini M, Rotilio D, De Blasi A . Molecular analysis of human beta-arrestin-1: cloning, tissue distribution, and regulation of expression. Identification of two isoforms generated by alternative splicing . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 268 . 13 . 9753–9761 . May 1993 . 8486659 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98412-7 . free .
• Iacovelli L, Franchetti R, Masini M, De Blasi A . GRK2 and beta-arrestin 1 as negative regulators of thyrotropin receptor-stimulated response . Molecular Endocrinology . 10 . 9 . 1138–1146 . September 1996 . 10.1210/mend.10.9.8885248 . 8885248 . free .
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB . Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery . Genome Research . 6 . 9 . 791–806 . September 1996 . 8889548 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . free .
• Goodman OB, Krupnick JG, Gurevich VV, Benovic JL, Keen JH . Arrestin/clathrin interaction. Localization of the arrestin binding locus to the clathrin terminal domain . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 272 . 23 . 15017–15022 . June 1997 . 9169477 . 10.1074/jbc.272.23.15017 . free .
• Lin FT, Krueger KM, Kendall HE, Daaka Y, Fredericks ZL, Pitcher JA, Lefkowitz RJ . Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of the beta-adrenergic receptor is regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of beta-arrestin1 . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 272 . 49 . 31051–31057 . December 1997 . 9388255 . 10.1074/jbc.272.49.31051 . free .
• Aragay AM, Mellado M, Frade JM, Martin AM, Jimenez-Sainz MC, Martinez-A C, Mayor F . Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced CCR2B receptor desensitization mediated by the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 95 . 6 . 2985–2990 . March 1998 . 9501202 . 19681 . 10.1073/pnas.95.6.2985 . free . 1998PNAS...95.2985A .
• ter Haar E, Musacchio A, Harrison SC, Kirchhausen T . Atomic structure of clathrin: a beta propeller terminal domain joins an alpha zigzag linker . Cell . 95 . 4 . 563–573 . November 1998 . 9827808 . 4428171 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81623-2 .
• Luttrell LM, Ferguson SS, Daaka Y, Miller WE, Maudsley S, Della Rocca GJ, Lin F, Kawakatsu H, Owada K, Luttrell DK, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ . 6 . Beta-arrestin-dependent formation of beta2 adrenergic receptor-Src protein kinase complexes . Science . 283 . 5402 . 655–661 . January 1999 . 9924018 . 10.1126/science.283.5402.655 .
• McDonald PH, Cote NL, Lin FT, Premont RT, Pitcher JA, Lefkowitz RJ . Identification of NSF as a beta-arrestin1-binding protein. Implications for beta2-adrenergic receptor regulation . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 274 . 16 . 10677–10680 . April 1999 . 10196135 . 10.1074/jbc.274.16.10677 . free .
• Lin FT, Miller WE, Luttrell LM, Lefkowitz RJ . Feedback regulation of beta-arrestin1 function by extracellular signal-regulated kinases . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 274 . 23 . 15971–15974 . June 1999 . 10347142 . 10.1074/jbc.274.23.15971 . free .
• McConalogue K, Déry O, Lovett M, Wong H, Walsh JH, Grady EF, Bunnett NW . Substance P-induced trafficking of beta-arrestins. The role of beta-arrestins in endocytosis of the neurokinin-1 receptor . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 274 . 23 . 16257–16268 . June 1999 . 10347182 . 10.1074/jbc.274.23.16257 . free .
• Miller WE, Maudsley S, Ahn S, Khan KD, Luttrell LM, Lefkowitz RJ . beta-arrestin1 interacts with the catalytic domain of the tyrosine kinase c-SRC. Role of beta-arrestin1-dependent targeting of c-SRC in receptor endocytosis . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 15 . 11312–11319 . April 2000 . 10753943 . 10.1074/jbc.275.15.11312 . free .
• Laporte SA, Oakley RH, Holt JA, Barak LS, Caron MG . The interaction of beta-arrestin with the AP-2 adaptor is required for the clustering of beta 2-adrenergic receptor into clathrin-coated pits . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 30 . 23120–23126 . July 2000 . 10770944 . 10.1074/jbc.M002581200 . free .
• Bennett TA, Maestas DC, Prossnitz ER . Arrestin binding to the G protein-coupled N-formyl peptide receptor is regulated by the conserved "DRY" sequence . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 32 . 24590–24594 . August 2000 . 10823817 . 10.1074/jbc.C000314200 . free .
• Shiina T, Kawasaki A, Nagao T, Kurose H . Interaction with beta-arrestin determines the difference in internalization behavor between beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 37 . 29082–29090 . September 2000 . 10862778 . 10.1074/jbc.M909757199 . free .
• Barlic J, Andrews JD, Kelvin AA, Bosinger SE, DeVries ME, Xu L, Dobransky T, Feldman RD, Ferguson SS, Kelvin DJ . 6 . Regulation of tyrosine kinase activation and granule release through beta-arrestin by CXCRI . Nature Immunology . 1 . 3 . 227–233 . September 2000 . 10973280 . 10.1038/79767 . 6151896 .
• Shukla AK, Westfield GH, Xiao K, Reis RI, Huang LY, Tripathi-Shukla P, Qian J, Li S, Blanc A, Oleskie AN, Dosey AM, Su M, Liang CR, Gu LL, Shan JM, Chen X, Hanna R, Choi M, Yao XJ, Klink BU, Kahsai AW, Sidhu SS, Koide S, Penczek PA, Kossiakoff AA, Woods VL, Kobilka BK, Skiniotis G, Lefkowitz RJ . 6 . Visualization of arrestin recruitment by a G-protein-coupled receptor . Nature . 512 . 7513 . 218–222 . August 2014 . 25043026 . 4134437 . 10.1038/nature13430 . 2014Natur.512..218S .

Notes and References

1. Parruti G, Peracchia F, Sallese M, Ambrosini G, Masini M, Rotilio D, De Blasi A . Molecular analysis of human beta-arrestin-1: cloning, tissue distribution, and regulation of expression. Identification of two isoforms generated by alternative splicing . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 268 . 13 . 9753–9761 . May 1993 . 8486659 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98412-7 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: ARRB1 arrestin, beta 1.
3. Peterson YK, Luttrell LM . The Diverse Roles of Arrestin Scaffolds in G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling . Pharmacological Reviews . 69 . 3 . 256–297 . July 2017 . 28626043 . 5482185 . 10.1124/pr.116.013367 .
4. Claing A, Chen W, Miller WE, Vitale N, Moss J, Premont RT, Lefkowitz RJ . beta-Arrestin-mediated ADP-ribosylation factor 6 activation and beta 2-adrenergic receptor endocytosis . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 . 45 . 42509–42513 . November 2001 . 11533043 . 10.1074/jbc.M108399200 . free .
5. Conlan LA, Martin TJ, Gillespie MT . The COOH-terminus of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) interacts with beta-arrestin 1B . FEBS Letters . 527 . 1–3 . 71–75 . September 2002 . 12220636 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03164-2 . 83640616 . free .
6. Chen W, Hu LA, Semenov MV, Yanagawa S, Kikuchi A, Lefkowitz RJ, Miller WE . beta-Arrestin1 modulates lymphoid enhancer factor transcriptional activity through interaction with phosphorylated dishevelled proteins . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 98 . 26 . 14889–14894 . December 2001 . 11742073 . 64954 . 10.1073/pnas.211572798 . free . 2001PNAS...9814889C .
7. Wang P, Wu Y, Ge X, Ma L, Pei G . Subcellular localization of beta-arrestins is determined by their intact N domain and the nuclear export signal at the C terminus . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 . 13 . 11648–11653 . March 2003 . 12538596 . 10.1074/jbc.M208109200 . free .
8. Shenoy SK, Xiao K, Venkataramanan V, Snyder PM, Freedman NJ, Weissman AM . Nedd4 mediates agonist-dependent ubiquitination, lysosomal targeting, and degradation of the beta2-adrenergic receptor . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 283 . 32 . 22166–22176 . August 2008 . 18544533 . 2494938 . 10.1074/jbc.M709668200 . free .
9. Cen B, Yu Q, Guo J, Wu Y, Ling K, Cheng Z, Ma L, Pei G . 6 . Direct binding of beta-arrestins to two distinct intracellular domains of the delta opioid receptor . Journal of Neurochemistry . 76 . 6 . 1887–1894 . March 2001 . 11259507 . 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00204.x . 83485138 . free .
10. Bhattacharya M, Anborgh PH, Babwah AV, Dale LB, Dobransky T, Benovic JL, Feldman RD, Verdi JM, Rylett RJ, Ferguson SS . 6 . Beta-arrestins regulate a Ral-GDS Ral effector pathway that mediates cytoskeletal reorganization . Nature Cell Biology . 4 . 8 . 547–555 . August 2002 . 12105416 . 10.1038/ncb821 . 20784208 .