APUD cell explained

right|thumb|350px|Actions of the major digestive hormones secreted by APUD cellsAPUD cells (DNES cells) constitute a group of apparently unrelated endocrine cells, which were named by the scientist A.G.E. Pearse, who developed the APUD concept in the 1960s based on calcitonin-secreting parafollicular C cells of dog thyroid.^[1] These cells share the common function of secreting a low molecular weight polypeptide hormone. There are several different types which secrete the hormones secretin, cholecystokinin and several others. The name is derived from an acronym, referring to the following:^{[2] [3]}

• Amine Precursor Uptake – for high uptake of amine precursors including 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA).
• Decarboxylase – for high content of the enzyme amino acid decarboxylase (for conversion of precursors to amines).

Cells in APUD system

1. Adenohypophysis
2. Neurons of Hypothalamus
3. Chief Cells of Parathyroid
4. Adrenal Medullary Cells
5. Glomus cells in Carotid Body
6. Melanocytes of Skin
7. Cells of Pineal Gland
8. Renin producing cells in the kidney

See also

• Apudoma
• Enteroendocrine cell
• Neuroendocrine cell
• List of human cell types derived from the germ layers

Notes and References

1. Boyd . C. A. R. . March 2001 . Amine uptake and peptide hormone secretion: APUD cells in a new landscape . The Journal of Physiology . en . 531 . 3 . 581 . 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0581h.x . 0022-3751 . 2278499 . 11251039.
2. Welbourn RB . Current status of the apudomas . Ann. Surg. . 185 . 1 . 1–12 . January 1977 . 12724 . 1396259 . 10.1097/00000658-197701000-00001.
3. Pearse, A.G.. The cytochemistry and ultrastructure of polypeptide hormone-producing cells of the APUD series and the embryologic, physiologic and pathologic implications of the concept . J. Histochem. Cytochem. . 17 . 5 . 1969 . 303–13 . 4143745 . 10.1177/17.5.303. 8240028 .