APOL3 explained

Apolipoprotein L3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOL3 gene.^{[1] [2]} Expressed in the gut, it has antibiotic properties.^[3]

This gene is a member of the apolipoprotein L gene family. The encoded protein is found in the cytoplasm, where it may affect the movement of lipids or allow the binding of lipids to organelles. In addition, expression of this gene is upregulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in endothelial cells lining the normal and atherosclerotic iliac artery and aorta. Six transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Further reading

• Horrevoets AJ, Fontijn RD, van Zonneveld AJ, de Vries CJ, ten Cate JW, Pannekoek H . Vascular endothelial genes that are responsive to tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vitro are expressed in atherosclerotic lesions, including inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1, stannin, and two novel genes . Blood . 93 . 10 . 3418–31 . May 1999 . 10233894 . 10.1182/blood.V93.10.3418.410k23_3418_3431 . vanc .
• Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP . 6 . The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22 . Nature . 402 . 6761 . 489–95 . December 1999 . 10591208 . 10.1038/990031 . vanc . free . 1999Natur.402..489D .
• Duchateau PN, Pullinger CR, Cho MH, Eng C, Kane JP . Apolipoprotein L gene family: tissue-specific expression, splicing, promoter regions; discovery of a new gene . Journal of Lipid Research . 42 . 4 . 620–30 . April 2001 . 11290834 . 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)31171-8 . vanc . free .
• Monajemi H, Fontijn RD, Pannekoek H, Horrevoets AJ . The apolipoprotein L gene cluster has emerged recently in evolution and is expressed in human vascular tissue . Genomics . 79 . 4 . 539–46 . April 2002 . 11944986 . 10.1006/geno.2002.6729 .
• Matsuda A, Suzuki Y, Honda G, Muramatsu S, Matsuzaki O, Nagano Y, Doi T, Shimotohno K, Harada T, Nishida E, Hayashi H, Sugano S . 6 . Large-scale identification and characterization of human genes that activate NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways . Oncogene . 22 . 21 . 3307–18 . May 2003 . 12761501 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1206406 . vanc . free .
• Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, Davis MP, Grinham JA, Cole CG, Goward ME, Aguado B, Mallya M, Mokrab Y, Huckle EJ, Beare DM, Dunham I . 6 . A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome . Genome Biology . 5 . 10 . R84 . 2005 . 15461802 . 545604 . 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84 . vanc . free .
• Ma J, Dempsey AA, Stamatiou D, Marshall KW, Liew CC . Identifying leukocyte gene expression patterns associated with plasma lipid levels in human subjects . Atherosclerosis . 191 . 1 . 63–72 . March 2007 . 16806233 . 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.05.032 . vanc .

Notes and References

1. Page NM, Butlin DJ, Lomthaisong K, Lowry PJ . The human apolipoprotein L gene cluster: identification, classification, and sites of distribution . Genomics . 74 . 1 . 71–8 . May 2001 . 11374903 . 10.1006/geno.2001.6534 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: APOL3 apolipoprotein L, 3 .
3. A human apolipoprotein L with detergent-like activity kills intracellular pathogens . 2021 . Gaudet RG, Zhu S, Halder A, Kim BH, Bradfield CJ, Huang S, Xu D, Mamiñska A, Nguyen TN, Lazarou M, Karatekin E . 6 . Science . 373 . 6552 . eabf8113 . 10.1126/science.abf8113 . 34437126 . 235915023. 8422858 .