APOBEC3B explained

Probable DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOBEC3B gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. It is thought that the proteins may be RNA editing enzymes and have roles in growth or cell cycle control. This gene along with APOBEC3A have been in recent years found associated with mutagenesis of several cancers. The APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B proteins can cause specific mutations in cancer genomes called APOBEC mutagenesis and several factors including genetic and environmental influence this mutation pattern among patients specifically in bladder and breast cancer. This gene is also overexpressed in multiple myeloma, possibly aiding its formation.^[4]

Further reading

• Wedekind JE, Dance GS, Sowden MP, Smith HC . Messenger RNA editing in mammals: new members of the APOBEC family seeking roles in the family business . Trends Genet. . 19 . 4 . 207–16 . 2003 . 12683974 . 10.1016/S0168-9525(03)00054-4 .
• Dunham I . The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22 . Nature . 402 . 6761 . 489–95 . 1999 . 10591208 . 10.1038/990031 . vanc. Shimizu N . Roe BA . 3 . Bruskiewich . R. . Beare . D. M. . Clamp . M. . Smink . L. J. . Ainscough . R. . Almeida . J. P. . 1999Natur.402..489D . free .
• Strausberg RL . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . vanc. Feingold EA . Grouse LH . 3 . Derge . JG . Klausner . RD . Collins . FS . Wagner . L . Shenmen . CM . Schuler . GD . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Mariani R . Species-specific exclusion of APOBEC3G from HIV-1 virions by Vif . Cell . 114 . 1 . 21–31 . 2003 . 12859895 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00515-4 . vanc. Chen D . Schröfelbauer B . 3 . Navarro . Francisco . König . Renate . Bollman . Brooke . Münk . Carsten . Nymark-Mcmahon . Henrietta . Landau . Nathaniel R. . free .
• Sawyer SL, Emerman M, Malik HS . Ancient Adaptive Evolution of the Primate Antiviral DNA-Editing Enzyme APOBEC3G . PLOS Biol. . 2 . 9 . E275 . 2006 . 15269786 . 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020275 . 479043 . free .
• Yu Q . APOBEC3B and APOBEC3C are potent inhibitors of simian immunodeficiency virus replication . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 51 . 53379–86 . 2005 . 15466872 . 10.1074/jbc.M408802200 . vanc. Chen D . König R . 3 . Mariani . R. . Unutmaz . D. . Landau . N. R. . free.
• Gerhard DS . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . vanc. Wagner L . Feingold EA . 3 . Shenmen . CM . Grouse . LH . Schuler . G . Klein . SL . Old . S . Rasooly . R .
• Rose KM, Marin M, Kozak SL, Kabat D . Regulated production and anti-HIV type 1 activities of cytidine deaminases APOBEC3B, 3F, and 3G . AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses . 21 . 7 . 611–9 . 2005 . 16060832 . 10.1089/aid.2005.21.611 .
• Bogerd HP . APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B are potent inhibitors of LTR-retrotransposon function in human cells . Nucleic Acids Res. . 34 . 1 . 89–95 . 2006 . 16407327 . 10.1093/nar/gkj416 . 1326241 . vanc. Wiegand HL . Doehle BP . 3 . Lueders . KK . Cullen . BR .
• Stenglein MD, Harris RS . APOBEC3B and APOBEC3F inhibit L1 retrotransposition by a DNA deamination-independent mechanism . J. Biol. Chem. . 281 . 25 . 16837–41 . 2006 . 16648136 . 10.1074/jbc.M602367200 . free .
• Hakata Y, Landau NR . Reversed functional organization of mouse and human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminase domains . J. Biol. Chem. . 281 . 48 . 36624–31 . 2007 . 17020885 . 10.1074/jbc.M604980200 . free .
• Kidd JM . Population Stratification of a Common APOBEC Gene Deletion Polymorphism . PLOS Genet. . 3 . 4 . e63 . 2007 . 17447845 . 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030063 . 1853121 . vanc. Newman TL . Tuzun E . 3 . Kaul . Rajinder . Eichler . Evan E. . free .
• An APOBEC cytidine deaminase mutagenesis pattern is widespread in human cancers

Steven A Roberts, Michael S Lawrence, Leszek J Klimczak, Sara A Grimm, David Fargo, Petar Stojanov, Adam Kiezun, Gregory V Kryukov, Scott L Carter, Gordon Saksena, Shawn Harris, Ruchir R Shah, Michael A Resnick, Gad Getz & Dmitry A Gordenin

• Candace D Middlebrooks, A Rouf Banday, Konichi Matsuda, et al. Association of germline variants in the APOBEC3 region with cancer risk and enrichment with APOBEC-signature mutations in tumors Exit Disclaimer. Nature Genetics 2016.

Notes and References

1. Jarmuz A, Chester A, Bayliss J, Gisbourne J, Dunham I, Scott J, Navaratnam N . An anthropoid-specific locus of orphan C to U RNA-editing enzymes on chromosome 22 . Genomics . 79 . 3 . 285–96 . Feb 2002 . 11863358 . 10.1006/geno.2002.6718 .
2. Madsen P, Anant S, Rasmussen HH, Gromov P, Vorum H, Dumanski JP, Tommerup N, Collins JE, Wright CL, Dunham I, MacGinnitie AJ, Davidson NO, Celis JE . Psoriasis upregulated phorbolin-1 shares structural but not functional similarity to the mRNA-editing protein apobec-1 . J Invest Dermatol . 113 . 2 . 162–9 . Sep 1999 . 10469298 . 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00682.x . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: APOBEC3B apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3B.
4. Yamazaki . Hiroyuki . Shirakawa . Kotaro . Matsumoto . Tadahiko . Hirabayashi . Shigeki . Murakawa . Yasuhiro . Kobayashi . Masayuki . Sarca . Anamaria Daniela . Kazuma . Yasuhiro . Matsui . Hiroyuki . Maruyama . Wataru . Fukuda . Hirofumi . Shirakawa . Ryutaro . Shindo . Keisuke . Ri . Masaki . Iida . Shinsuke . Takaori-Kondo . Akifumi . Endogenous APOBEC3B Overexpression Constitutively Generates DNA Substitutions and Deletions in Myeloma Cells . Scientific Reports . 9 May 2019 . 9 . 1 . 7122 . 10.1038/s41598-019-43575-y. 31073151 . 6509214 . 2019NatSR...9.7122Y . free .