Apolipoprotein A-II explained

Symbol:	ApoA-II
ApoA-II
Pfam:	PF04711
Interpro:	IPR006801
Scop:	1l6k

Apolipoprotein A-II is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOA2 gene.^[1] It is the second most abundant protein of the high density lipoprotein particles. The protein is found in plasma as a monomer, homodimer, or heterodimer with apolipoprotein D. ApoA-II regulates many steps in HDL metabolism, and its role in coronary heart disease is unclear. ^[2] Remarkably, defects in this gene may result in apolipoprotein A-II deficiency or hypercholesterolemia.^[3]

Interactions

ApoA-II has been shown to interact with phospholipid transfer protein.^[4]

Further reading

• Blanco-Vaca F, Escolà-Gil JC, Martín-Campos JM, Julve J . Role of apoA-II in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis: advances in the study of an enigmatic protein . Journal of Lipid Research . 42 . 11 . 1727–39 . Nov 2001 . 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)31499-1 . 11714842 . free .
• Kalopissis AD, Pastier D, Chambaz J . Apolipoprotein A-II: beyond genetic associations with lipid disorders and insulin resistance . Current Opinion in Lipidology . 14 . 2 . 165–72 . Apr 2003 . 12642785 . 10.1097/00041433-200304000-00008. 7365994 .
• Vollmer E, Brust J, Roessner A, Bosse A, Burwikel F, Kaesberg B, Harrach B, Robenek H, Böcker W . Distribution patterns of apolipoproteins A1, A2, and B in the wall of atherosclerotic vessels . Virchows Archiv A . 419 . 2 . 79–88 . 1991 . 1908160 . 10.1007/BF01600220 . 31793659 .
• Deeb SS, Takata K, Peng RL, Kajiyama G, Albers JJ . A splice-junction mutation responsible for familial apolipoprotein A-II deficiency . American Journal of Human Genetics . 46 . 4 . 822–7 . Apr 1990 . 2107739 . 1683675 .
• Gordon JI, Sims HF, Edelstein C, Scanu AM, Strauss AW . Extracellular processing of proapolipoprotein A-II in Hep G2 cell cultures is mediated by a 54-kDa protease immunologically related to cathepsin B . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 260 . 27 . 14824–31 . Nov 1985 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)38646-5 . 2414299 . free .
• Lackner KJ, Law SW, Brewer HB . The human apolipoprotein A-II gene: complete nucleic acid sequence and genomic organization . Nucleic Acids Research . 13 . 12 . 4597–608 . Jun 1985 . 2989800 . 321808 . 10.1093/nar/13.12.4597 .
• Knott TJ, Wallis SC, Robertson ME, Priestley LM, Urdea M, Rall LB, Scott J . The human apolipoprotein AII gene: structural organization and sites of expression . Nucleic Acids Research . 13 . 17 . 6387–98 . Sep 1985 . 2995928 . 321960 . 10.1093/nar/13.17.6387 .
• Book: Chan L, Moore MN, Tsao YK . Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human apolipoprotein A-II cDNA . Plasma Lipoproteins Part A: Preparation, Structure, and Molecular Biology . Methods in Enzymology . 128 . 745–52 . 1986 . 3088392 . 10.1016/0076-6879(86)28103-3 . 978-0-12-182028-2 . registration . https://archive.org/details/plasmalipoprotei0000unse/page/745 .
• Middleton-Price HR, van den Berghe JA, Scott J, Knott TJ, Malcolm S . Regional chromosomal localisation of APOA2 to 1q21-1q23 . Human Genetics . 79 . 3 . 283–5 . Jul 1988 . 3136074 . 10.1007/BF00366253 . 35574652 .
• Shelley CS, Sharpe CR, Baralle FE, Shoulders CC . Comparison of the human apolipoprotein genes. Apo AII presents a unique functional intron-exon junction . Journal of Molecular Biology . 186 . 1 . 43–51 . Nov 1985 . 3935800 . 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90255-4 .
• Brewer HB, Lux SE, Ronan R, John KM . Amino acid sequence of human apoLp-Gln-II (apoA-II), an apolipoprotein isolated from the high-density lipoprotein complex . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 69 . 5 . 1304–8 . May 1972 . 4338591 . 426687 . 10.1073/pnas.69.5.1304 . 1972PNAS...69.1304B . free .
• Lux SE, John KM, Ronan R, Brewer HB . Isolation and characterization of the tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptides of apoLp-Gln-II (apoA-II), plasma high density apolipoprotein . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 247 . 23 . 7519–27 . Dec 1972 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)44556-0 . 4344225 . free .
• Moore MN, Kao FT, Tsao YK, Chan L . Human apolipoprotein A-II: nucleotide sequence of a cloned cDNA, and localization of its structural gene on human chromosome 1 . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 123 . 1 . 1–7 . Aug 1984 . 6089788 . 10.1016/0006-291X(84)90371-1 .
• Lackner KJ, Law SW, Brewer HB . Human apolipoprotein A-II: complete nucleic acid sequence of preproapo A-II . FEBS Letters . 175 . 1 . 159–64 . Sep 1984 . 6090207 . 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80590-6 . 9320651 . free .
• Gordon JI, Budelier KA, Sims HF, Edelstein C, Scanu AM, Strauss AW . Biosynthesis of human preproapolipoprotein A-II . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 258 . 22 . 14054–9 . Nov 1983 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)44023-3 . 6315718 . free .
• Sharpe CR, Sidoli A, Shelley CS, Lucero MA, Shoulders CC, Baralle FE . Human apolipoproteins AI, AII, CII and CIII. cDNA sequences and mRNA abundance . Nucleic Acids Research . 12 . 9 . 3917–32 . May 1984 . 6328445 . 318799 . 10.1093/nar/12.9.3917 .
• Stoffel W, Krüger E, Deutzmann R . Cell-free translation of human liver apolipoprotein AI and AII mRNA. Processing of primary translation products . Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie . 364 . 3 . 227–37 . Mar 1983 . 6407957 . 10.1515/bchm2.1983.364.1.227 .
• Knott TJ, Priestley LM, Urdea M, Scott J . Isolation and characterisation of a cDNA encoding the precursor for human apolipoprotein AII . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 120 . 3 . 734–40 . May 1984 . 6428397 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(84)80168-0 .
• Lackner KJ, Law SW, Brewer HB, Sakaguchi AY, Naylor SL . The human apolipoprotein A-II gene is located on chromosome 1 . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 122 . 3 . 877–83 . Aug 1984 . 6433912 . 10.1016/0006-291X(84)91172-0 .

Notes and References

1. Tsao YK, Wei CF, Robberson DL, Gotto AM, Chan L . Isolation and characterization of the human apolipoprotein A-II gene. Electron microscopic analysis of RNA:DNA hybrids, nucleotide sequence, identification of a polymorphic MspI site, and general structural organization of apolipoprotein genes . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 260 . 28 . 15222–31 . Dec 1985 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)95725-X . 2415515 . free .
2. Tailleux . Anne . Duriez . Patrick . Fruchart . Jean-Charles . Clavey . Véronique . September 2002 . Apolipoprotein A-II, HDL metabolism and atherosclerosis . Atherosclerosis . 164 . 1 . 1–13 . 10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00751-1 . 0021-9150 . 12119188.
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: APOA2 apolipoprotein A-II.
4. Pussinen PJ, Jauhiainen M, Metso J, Pyle LE, Marcel YL, Fidge NH, Ehnholm C . Binding of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) to apolipoproteins A-I and A-II: location of a PLTP binding domain in the amino terminal region of apoA-I . Journal of Lipid Research . 39 . 1 . 152–61 . Jan 1998 . 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)34211-5 . 9469594 . free .