ALPPL2 explained

Alkaline phosphatase, placental-like 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ALPPL2 gene.^[1]

Function

There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The product of this gene is a membrane bound glycosylated enzyme, localized to testis, thymus and certain germ cell tumors, that is closely related to both the placental and intestinal forms of alkaline phosphatase.^[1]

Further reading

• Shigenari A, Ando A, Baba T, Yamamoto T, Katsuoka Y, Inoko H . Characterization of alkaline phosphatase genes expressed in seminoma by cDNA cloning . Cancer Research . 58 . 22 . 5079–82 . November 1998 . 9823315 .
• Henthorn PS, Knoll BJ, Raducha M, Rothblum KN, Slaughter C, Weiss M, Lafferty MA, Fischer T, Harris H . Products of two common alleles at the locus for human placental alkaline phosphatase differ by seven amino acids . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 83 . 15 . 5597–601 . August 1986 . 3461452 . 386335 . 10.1073/pnas.83.15.5597 . 1986PNAS...83.5597H . free .
• Jemmerson R, Shah N, Takeya M, Fishman WH . Characterization of the placental alkaline phosphatase-like (Nagao) isozyme on the surface of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells . Cancer Research . 45 . 1 . 282–7 . January 1985 . 2578098 .
• Shen LP, Liu H, Kan YW, Kam W . 5' nucleotide sequence of a putative human placental alkaline phosphatase-like gene . Nucleic Acids Research . 16 . 12 . 5694 . June 1988 . 3387245 . 336801 . 10.1093/nar/16.12.5694 .
• Lowe ME . Site-specific mutations in the COOH-terminus of placental alkaline phosphatase: a single amino acid change converts a phosphatidylinositol-glycan-anchored protein to a secreted protein . The Journal of Cell Biology . 116 . 3 . 799–807 . February 1992 . 1730777 . 2289307 . 10.1083/jcb.116.3.799 .
• Le Du MH, Stigbrand T, Taussig MJ, Menez A, Stura EA . Crystal structure of alkaline phosphatase from human placenta at 1.8 A resolution. Implication for a substrate specificity . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 . 12 . 9158–65 . March 2001 . 11124260 . 10.1074/jbc.M009250200 . free .
• Fisken J, Leonard RC, Shaw G, Bowman A, Roulston JE . Serum placental-like alkaline phosphatase (PLAP): a novel combined enzyme linked immunoassay for monitoring ovarian cancer . Journal of Clinical Pathology . 42 . 1 . 40–5 . January 1989 . 2921344 . 1141788 . 10.1136/jcp.42.1.40 .
• Ben-Arie A, Hagay Z, Ben-Hur H, Open M, Dgani R . Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase may enable early diagnosis of ovarian cancer . European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology . 86 . 1 . 69–71 . September 1999 . 10471145 . 10.1016/S0301-2115(99)00054-8 .
• Goldstein DJ, Rogers C, Harris H . A search for trace expression of placental-like alkaline phosphatase in non-malignant human tissues: demonstration of its occurrence in lung, cervix, testis and thymus . Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry . 125 . 1 . 63–75 . October 1982 . 6814793 . 10.1016/0009-8981(82)90046-8 .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: Alkaline phosphatase, placental-like 2 .