ALDH1A3 explained

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3, also known as ALDH1A3 or retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3 (RALDH3), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH1A3 gene,^[1]

Function

Aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes are thought to play a major role in the detoxification of aldehydes generated by alcohol metabolism and lipid peroxidation. The enzyme encoded by this gene uses retinal as a substrate, either in a free or a cellular retinol-binding protein form.^[2]

Cancer

ALDH1A3 gene has been observed progressively downregulated in Human papillomavirus-positive neoplastic keratinocytes derived from uterine cervical preneoplastic lesions at different levels of malignancy. ^[3] For this reason, ALDH1A3 is likely to be associated with tumorigenesis and may be a potential prognostic marker for uterine cervical preneoplastic lesions progression. ^[4]

Further reading

• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Wan C, Shi Y, Zhao X . Positive association between ALDH1A2 and schizophrenia in the Chinese population. . Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry . 33 . 8 . 1491–5 . 2009 . 19703508 . 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.08.008 . 32862839 . etal.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2002 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Nishimura M, Yoshitsugu H, Naito S, Hiraoka I . Evaluation of gene induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in primary culture of human hepatocytes using high-sensitivity real-time reverse transcription PCR. . Yakugaku Zasshi . 122 . 5 . 339–61 . 2002 . 12040753 . 10.1248/yakushi.122.339 . free .
• Cañestro C, Catchen JM, Rodríguez-Marí A . Gojobori . Takashi . Consequences of lineage-specific gene loss on functional evolution of surviving paralogs: ALDH1A and retinoic acid signaling in vertebrate genomes. . PLOS Genet. . 5 . 5 . e1000496 . 2009 . 19478994 . 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000496 . 2682703 . etal . free .
• Saito A, Kawamoto M, Kamatani N . Association study between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 199 drug-related genes and commonly measured quantitative traits of 752 healthy Japanese subjects. . J. Hum. Genet. . 54 . 6 . 317–23 . 2009 . 19343046 . 10.1038/jhg.2009.31 . free .
• Rexer BN, Zheng WL, Ong DE . Retinoic acid biosynthesis by normal human breast epithelium is via aldehyde dehydrogenase 6, absent in MCF-7 cells. . Cancer Res. . 61 . 19 . 7065–70 . 2001 . 11585737 .
• Yoshida A, Rzhetsky A, Hsu LC, Chang C . Human aldehyde dehydrogenase gene family. . Eur. J. Biochem. . 251 . 3 . 549–57 . 1998 . 9490025 . 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2510549.x . free .

Notes and References

1. Hsu LC, Chang WC, Hiraoka L, Hsieh CL . Molecular cloning, genomic organization, and chromosomal localization of an additional human aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, ALDH6 . Genomics . 24 . 2 . 333–41 . November 1994 . 7698756 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1624 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: ALDH1A3 .
3. Rotondo JC, Bosi S, Bassi C, Ferracin M, Lanza G, Gafà R, Magri E, Selvatici R, Torresani S, Marci R, Garutti P, Negrini M, Tognon M, Martini F . Gene expression changes in progression of cervical neoplasia revealed by microarray analysis of cervical neoplastic keratinocytes. . J Cell Physiol . 230. 4 . 802–812 . April 2015 . 25205602 . 10.1002/jcp.24808. 11392/2066612 . 24986454 . free .
4. Rotondo JC, Bosi S, Bassi C, Ferracin M, Lanza G, Gafà R, Magri E, Selvatici R, Torresani S, Marci R, Garutti P, Negrini M, Tognon M, Martini F . Gene expression changes in progression of cervical neoplasia revealed by microarray analysis of cervical neoplastic keratinocytes. . J Cell Physiol . 230. 4 . 802–812 . April 2015 . 25205602 . 10.1002/jcp.24808. 11392/2066612 . 24986454 . free .