AKAP3 explained

A-kinase anchor protein 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKAP3 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family, and is expressed in testis only. The encoded protein contains an RII-binding domain, and is predicted to participate in protein-protein interactions with the R-subunit of the PKA. This protein is localized to the ribs of the fibrous sheath in the principal piece of the sperm tail. It may function as a regulator of both motility- and head-associated functions such as capacitation and the acrosome reaction.

Interactions

AKAP3 has been shown to interact with:

• AKAP4^[4]
• GNA13,^[5] and
• PRKAR2A.^[6]

Further reading

• Lester LB, Scott JD . Anchoring and scaffold proteins for kinases and phosphatases . Recent Progress in Hormone Research . 52 . 409–29; discussion 429–30 . 1997 . 9238861 .
• Michel JJ, Scott JD . AKAP mediated signal transduction . Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology . 42 . 235–57 . 2002 . 11807172 . 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.42.083101.135801 .
• Mandal A, Naaby-Hansen S, Wolkowicz MJ, Klotz K, Shetty J, Retief JD, Coonrod SA, Kinter M, Sherman N, Cesar F, Flickinger CJ, Herr JC . FSP95, a testis-specific 95-kilodalton fibrous sheath antigen that undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation in capacitated human spermatozoa . Biology of Reproduction . 61 . 5 . 1184–97 . Nov 1999 . 10529264 . 10.1095/biolreprod61.5.1184 . free .
• Carr DW, Fujita A, Stentz CL, Liberty GA, Olson GE, Narumiya S . Identification of sperm-specific proteins that interact with A-kinase anchoring proteins in a manner similar to the type II regulatory subunit of PKA . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 . 20 . 17332–8 . May 2001 . 11278869 . 10.1074/jbc.M011252200 . free .
• Niu J, Vaiskunaite R, Suzuki N, Kozasa T, Carr DW, Dulin N, Voyno-Yasenetskaya TA . Interaction of heterotrimeric G13 protein with an A-kinase-anchoring protein 110 (AKAP110) mediates cAMP-independent PKA activation . Current Biology . 11 . 21 . 1686–90 . Oct 2001 . 11696326 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00530-9 . 19027128 . free . 2001CBio...11.1686N .
• Ficarro S, Chertihin O, Westbrook VA, White F, Jayes F, Kalab P, Marto JA, Shabanowitz J, Herr JC, Hunt DF, Visconti PE . Phosphoproteome analysis of capacitated human sperm. Evidence of tyrosine phosphorylation of a kinase-anchoring protein 3 and valosin-containing protein/p97 during capacitation . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 . 13 . 11579–89 . Mar 2003 . 12509440 . 10.1074/jbc.M202325200 . free .
• Brown PR, Miki K, Harper DB, Eddy EM . A-kinase anchoring protein 4 binding proteins in the fibrous sheath of the sperm flagellum . Biology of Reproduction . 68 . 6 . 2241–8 . Jun 2003 . 12606363 . 10.1095/biolreprod.102.013466 . free .
• Hasegawa K, Ono T, Matsushita H, Shimono M, Noguchi Y, Mizutani Y, Kodama J, Kudo T, Nakayama E . A-kinase anchoring protein 3 messenger RNA expression in ovarian cancer and its implication on prognosis . International Journal of Cancer . 108 . 1 . 86–90 . Jan 2004 . 14618620 . 10.1002/ijc.11565 . 22430586 . free .
• Lea IA, Widgren EE, O'Rand MG . Association of sperm protein 17 with A-kinase anchoring protein 3 in flagella . Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology . 2 . 57 . Jul 2004 . 15257753 . 484205 . 10.1186/1477-7827-2-57 . free .
• Sharma S, Qian F, Keitz B, Driscoll D, Scanlan MJ, Skipper J, Rodabaugh K, Lele S, Old LJ, Odunsi K . A-kinase anchoring protein 3 messenger RNA expression correlates with poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer . Gynecologic Oncology . 99 . 1 . 183–8 . Oct 2005 . 16005946 . 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.06.006 .
• Lefièvre L, Chen Y, Conner SJ, Scott JL, Publicover SJ, Ford WC, Barratt CL . Human spermatozoa contain multiple targets for protein S-nitrosylation: an alternative mechanism of the modulation of sperm function by nitric oxide? . Proteomics . 7 . 17 . 3066–84 . Sep 2007 . 17683036 . 2777308 . 10.1002/pmic.200700254 .

Notes and References

1. Lefevre A, Duquenne C, Rousseau-Merck MF, Rogier E, Finaz C . 15910199 . Cloning and characterization of SOB1, a new testis-specific cDNA encoding a human sperm protein probably involved in oocyte recognition . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 259 . 1 . 60–6 . May 1999 . 10334916 . 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0728 .
2. Vijayaraghavan S, Liberty GA, Mohan J, Winfrey VP, Olson GE, Carr DW . Isolation and molecular characterization of AKAP110, a novel, sperm-specific protein kinase A-anchoring protein . Molecular Endocrinology . 13 . 5 . 705–17 . May 1999 . 10319321 . 10.1210/mend.13.5.0278 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: AKAP3 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 3.
4. Brown PR, Miki K, Harper DB, Eddy EM . A-kinase anchoring protein 4 binding proteins in the fibrous sheath of the sperm flagellum . Biology of Reproduction . 68 . 6 . 2241–8 . Jun 2003 . 12606363 . 10.1095/biolreprod.102.013466 . free .
5. Niu J, Vaiskunaite R, Suzuki N, Kozasa T, Carr DW, Dulin N, Voyno-Yasenetskaya TA . Interaction of heterotrimeric G13 protein with an A-kinase-anchoring protein 110 (AKAP110) mediates cAMP-independent PKA activation . Current Biology . 11 . 21 . 1686–90 . Oct 2001 . 11696326 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00530-9 . 19027128 . free . 2001CBio...11.1686N .
6. Carr DW, Fujita A, Stentz CL, Liberty GA, Olson GE, Narumiya S . Identification of sperm-specific proteins that interact with A-kinase anchoring proteins in a manner similar to the type II regulatory subunit of PKA . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 . 20 . 17332–8 . May 2001 . 11278869 . 10.1074/jbc.M011252200 . free .