AHNAK explained

Neuroblast differentiation-associated protein AHNAK, also known as desmoyokin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AHNAK gene.^{[1] [2] [3]} AHNAK was originally identified in 1989 (in bovine muzzle epidermal cells) and named desmoyokin due to its localization pattern (that resembled a yoke) in the desmosomal plaque.^[4] AHNAK has been shown to be essential for pseudopod protrusion and cell migration. ^[5]

Interactions

AHNAK has been shown to interact with S100B.^[6]

Further reading

• Shtivelman E, Cohen FE, Bishop JM . A human gene (AHNAK) encoding an unusually large protein with a 1.2-microns polyionic rod structure . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 89 . 12 . 5472–6 . June 1992 . 1608957 . 49314 . 10.1073/pnas.89.12.5472 . free . 1992PNAS...89.5472S .
• Kudoh J, Wang Y, Minoshima S, Hashimoto T, Amagai M, Nishikawa T, Shtivelman E, Bishop JM, Shimizu N . Localization of the human AHNAK/desmoyokin gene (AHNAK) to chromosome band 11q12 by somatic cell hybrid analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization . Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics . 70 . 3–4 . 218–20 . 1995 . 7789175 . 10.1159/000134037 .
• Dias Neto E, Correa RG, Verjovski-Almeida S, Briones MR, Nagai MA, da Silva W, Zago MA, Bordin S, Costa FF, Goldman GH, Carvalho AF, Matsukuma A, Baia GS, Simpson DH, Brunstein A, de Oliveira PS, Bucher P, Jongeneel CV, O'Hare MJ, Soares F, Brentani RR, Reis LF, de Souza SJ, Simpson AJ . Shotgun sequencing of the human transcriptome with ORF expressed sequence tags . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 97 . 7 . 3491–6 . March 2000 . 10737800 . 16267 . 10.1073/pnas.97.7.3491 . 2000PNAS...97.3491D . free .
• Gentil BJ, Delphin C, Mbele GO, Deloulme JC, Ferro M, Garin J, Baudier J . The giant protein AHNAK is a specific target for the calcium- and zinc-binding S100B protein: potential implications for Ca2+ homeostasis regulation by S100B . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 . 26 . 23253–61 . June 2001 . 11312263 . 10.1074/jbc.M010655200 . free .
• Sussman J, Stokoe D, Ossina N, Shtivelman E . Protein kinase B phosphorylates AHNAK and regulates its subcellular localization . The Journal of Cell Biology . 154 . 5 . 1019–30 . September 2001 . 11535620 . 2196192 . 10.1083/jcb.200105121 .
• Wernyj RP, Ewing CM, Isaacs WB . Multiple antibodies to titin immunoreact with AHNAK and localize to the mitotic spindle machinery . Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton . 50 . 2 . 101–13 . October 2001 . 11746675 . 10.1002/cm.1044 .
• Straub BK, Boda J, Kuhn C, Schnoelzer M, Korf U, Kempf T, Spring H, Hatzfeld M, Franke WW . A novel cell-cell junction system: the cortex adhaerens mosaic of lens fiber cells . Journal of Cell Science . 116 . Pt 24 . 4985–95 . December 2003 . 14625392 . 10.1242/jcs.00815 . free .
• Haase H, Pagel I, Khalina Y, Zacharzowsky U, Person V, Lutsch G, Petzhold D, Kott M, Schaper J, Morano I . The carboxyl-terminal ahnak domain induces actin bundling and stabilizes muscle contraction . FASEB Journal . 18 . 7 . 839–41 . May 2004 . 15001564 . 10.1096/fj.03-0446fje . free . 11613802 .
• Lee IH, You JO, Ha KS, Bae DS, Suh PG, Rhee SG, Bae YS . AHNAK-mediated activation of phospholipase C-gamma1 through protein kinase C . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 279 . 25 . 26645–53 . June 2004 . 15033986 . 10.1074/jbc.M311525200 . free .
• Stiff T, Shtivelman E, Jeggo P, Kysela B . AHNAK interacts with the DNA ligase IV-XRCC4 complex and stimulates DNA ligase IV-mediated double-stranded ligation . DNA Repair . 3 . 3 . 245–56 . March 2004 . 15177040 . 10.1016/j.dnarep.2003.11.001 .
• Ahn J, Chung KS, Kim DU, Won M, Kim L, Kim KS, Nam M, Choi SJ, Kim HC, Yoon M, Chae SK, Hoe KL . Systematic identification of hepatocellular proteins interacting with NS5A of the hepatitis C virus . Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology . 37 . 6 . 741–8 . November 2004 . 15607035 . 10.5483/bmbrep.2004.37.6.741 . free .
• Haase H, Alvarez J, Petzhold D, Doller A, Behlke J, Erdmann J, Hetzer R, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Vassort G, Morano I . Ahnak is critical for cardiac Ca(V)1.2 calcium channel function and its beta-adrenergic regulation . FASEB Journal . 19 . 14 . 1969–77 . December 2005 . 16319140 . 10.1096/fj.05-3997com . free . 9585089 .
• Tompkins V, Hagen J, Zediak VP, Quelle DE . Identification of novel ARF binding proteins by two-hybrid screening . Cell Cycle . 5 . 6 . 641–6 . March 2006 . 16582619 . 10.4161/cc.5.6.2560 . free .
• De Seranno S, Benaud C, Assard N, Khediri S, Gerke V, Baudier J, Delphin C . Identification of an AHNAK binding motif specific for the Annexin2/S100A10 tetramer . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 281 . 46 . 35030–8 . November 2006 . 16984913 . 10.1074/jbc.M606545200 . free .

Notes and References

1. James MR, Richard CW, Schott JJ, Yousry C, Clark K, Bell J, Terwilliger JD, Hazan J, Dubay C, Vignal A . A radiation hybrid map of 506 STS markers spanning human chromosome 11 . Nature Genetics . 8 . 1 . 70–6 . September 1994 . 7987395 . 10.1038/ng0994-70 . 21392416 .
2. Hohaus A, Person V, Behlke J, Schaper J, Morano I, Haase H . The carboxyl-terminal region of ahnak provides a link between cardiac L-type Ca2+ channels and the actin-based cytoskeleton . FASEB Journal . 16 . 10 . 1205–16 . August 2002 . 12153988 . 10.1096/fj.01-0855com . free . 12413536 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: AHNAK AHNAK nucleoprotein (desmoyokin).
4. Hieda Y, Tsukita S, Tsukita S . A new high molecular mass protein showing unique localization in desmosomal plaque . The Journal of Cell Biology . 109 . 4 Pt 1 . 1511–8 . October 1989 . 2677021 . 2115823 . 10.1083/jcb.109.4.1511 .
5. Shankar J, Messenberg A, Chan J, Underhill TM, Foster LJ, Nabi IR . Pseudopodial actin dynamics control epithelial-mesenchymal transition in metastatic cancer cells . Cancer Research . 70 . 9 . 3780–90 . May 2010 . 20388789 . 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-4439 . free .
6. Gentil BJ, Delphin C, Mbele GO, Deloulme JC, Ferro M, Garin J, Baudier J . The giant protein AHNAK is a specific target for the calcium- and zinc-binding S100B protein: potential implications for Ca2+ homeostasis regulation by S100B . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 . 26 . 23253–61 . June 2001 . 11312263 . 10.1074/jbc.M010655200 . free .