Air Force Institute of Technology explained

Air Force Institute of Technology
Established:	1919
Chancellor:	Walter F. Jones
Country:	U.S.
Website:	afit.edu

The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) is a postgraduate institution and provider of professional and continuing education for the United States Armed Forces and is part of the United States Air Force. It is in Ohio at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Dayton. AFIT is a component of the Air University and Air Education and Training Command.

Overview

Founded in 1919 and granting degrees since 1956, the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) is the Department of the Air Force’s leader for advanced, multi-disciplinary academic education, as well as its institution for initial technical and professional continuing education. AFIT is located at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB), Dayton, Ohio. Dayton's heritage and industrial base in aeronautics and aviation, coupled with the close proximity to the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC) provide a scientific and engineering research and educational experience focused on producing future leaders of the Department of the Air Force. A component of Air University and Air Education and Training Command, its primary purpose is to provide specialized education to select officer and enlisted U.S. military personnel and civilian employees.

On 8 May 2012, AFIT formally welcomed its first civilian director and chancellor during an appointment of leadership ceremony. Dr. Todd Stewart served for 34 years with the U.S. Air Force, retiring in 2002 at the rank of major general. On 28 January 2015, AFIT welcomed its first Provost and Vice Chancellor Dr. Sivaguru S. Sritharan^[1] former Dean of Engineering and Applied Sciences at the Naval Postgraduate School.

Academics

AFIT's four schools include:

• The Graduate School of Engineering and Management, which offers graduate programs leading to Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in engineering, applied science, and management disciplines. The Graduate School has six departments:
  • Aeronautics and Astronautics
  • Electrical and Computer Engineering
  • Engineering Physics
  • Mathematics and Statistics
  • Operational Sciences
  • Systems Engineering and Management
• The School of Systems and Logistics, which teaches more than 200 professional continuing education courses in acquisition management, logistics management, contracting, systems management, software engineering, and financial management delivered to warfighters around the globe via customer focused delivery modes including resident, on-site, and online courses.^[2]
• The Civil Engineer School, which develops and delivers civil engineer and environmental professional continuing education and provides consultation in support of U.S. Air and Space Forces.^[3]
• The School of Strategic Force Studies, which manages the execution of Nuclear Professional Continuing Education (PCE) via the Department of Nuclear Studies (AFIT/EXA) at Kirtland Air Force Base and the Department of Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications (NC3) Studies at Barksdale Air Force Base as well as the execution of Cyberspace PCE via the Department of Cyberspace Studies (AFIT/EXC) at Wright-Patterson AFB. The school provides responsive and relevant PCE courses to more than 5,000 Air Force, Army, Navy, Combatant Command, state- and Department-level, and foreign students annually.

AFIT has two Centers of Excellence and seven research centers funded by a number of federal agencies with interdisciplinary scope and international footprint representing a number of scientific areas for the United States Air Force and the Department of Defense:

• • Air Force Cyberspace Technical Center of Excellence (CyTCoE)
  • Scientific Test & Analysis Techniques Center of Excellence (STAT T&E)
  • Autonomy & Navigation Technology Center (ANT)
  • Center for Cyberspace Research (CCR)
  • Center for Directed Energy (CDE)
  • Center for Space Research & Assurance (CSRA)
  • Center for Technical Intelligence Studies & Research (CTISR)
  • Nuclear Expertise for Advancing Technologies Center (NEAT)
  • Homeland Security Community of Best Practices (HS COBP)

Graduate School of Engineering and Management

AFIT's Graduate School of Engineering and Management is a graduate-only, research–based institution and the sole degree-granting element of AFIT. The Graduate School focuses on studies and research that are relevant to the Air and Space Force mission as well as the needs of the defense establishment as a whole. AFIT's Aeronautics & Astronautics Department has graduated nine U. S. astronauts including Guy Bluford (PhD 1978), first African-American astronaut.^[4] Since graduate degrees were first granted in 1956, AFIT has awarded more than 20,600 master's and 1,000 doctor of philosophy degrees.

It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".^[5]

Students

The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) enrolls over 650 full-time graduate students. The student body consists primarily of Air Force and Space Force officers, but is rounded out by members of the other four U.S. Armed Services, select enlisted Airmen,^[6] international students from coalition countries, U.S. Government civilians, and civilians (U.S. citizens) not affiliated with the Government. Selection of officers for graduate education is fully funded by their service and is based upon outstanding professional performance as an officer, promotion potential, and a strong academic background. Admission of non-Government affiliated civilians is based on academic preparation and requires U.S. citizenship. A substantial number of AFIT graduates are assigned to AFRL and NASIC upon graduation from AFIT. Many of the AFIT student thesis projects are influenced directly or indirectly by AFRL, NASIC, NRO and other Air Force and defense agencies.

Faculty

The faculty body consists of approximately a 50–50 mix of military and civilian members all of whom hold a PhD in their fields. The faculty to student ratio is typically 1 to 5 in the master's degree programs.

Accreditation

AFIT is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools to offer degrees to the doctorate level. Eight engineering programs in the Graduate School of Engineering and Management are accredited at the advanced level by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET).

Academic calendar

The institute operates year-round on a quarter calendar which includes the Fall, Winter, Spring, and Summer terms. The quarters are 10 weeks in length plus a week for examinations. Typically, the Fall term begins in late September and ends in mid-December; the Winter term begins in early January and ends in mid-March; the Spring term begins in late March and ends in mid-June; and the Summer term begins in late June and ends in early-September.

Cost

The educational expenses for full-time military students assigned to AFIT are paid by their respective uniformed service. For tuition-paying students, the approximate cost is $4,656 per quarter for full-time enrollment (based on 12 quarter hours and a tuition rate of $388 per quarter-hour). AFIT is tuition-waived for civilian employees and military members of the Air or Space Force.

Civilian Institution Programs

Through its Civilian Institution Programs, AFIT also manages the educational programs of officers enrolled in civilian universities, research centers, hospitals, and industrial organizations. Air Force students attending civilian institutions have earned more than 12,000 undergraduate and graduate degrees in the past twenty years.

Notable alumni

• George W.S. Abbey – Former Director of the Johnson Space Center
• Brigadier General Russell J. Anarde, USAF, Ret.^[7]
• Captain Milburn G. Apt – The first pilot to achieve Mach 3^[8]
• General George T. Babbitt Jr., USAF, Ret.^[9]
• Brigadier General Rosanne Bailey, USAF, Ret.^[10]
• David Barish – Developer of the paraglider^[11]
• Lieutenant General Ted F. Bowlds^[12]
• Brigadier General Cary C. Chun^[13]
• Lieutenant General Roger G. DeKok, USAF, Ret.^[14]
• Lieutenant General William J. Donahue, USAF, Ret.^[15]
• General Jimmy Doolittle – Doolittle Raider^[16]
• Lieutenant General Hans H. Driessnack, USAF, Ret.^[17]
• Colonel Arnold L. Franklin Jr. USAF, Ret – In April 1986, as the 493rd Tactical Fighter Squadron, Franklin led the USAF raid on Libya.^[18]
• Dr. Russell Merle Genet – Pioneered the world's first fully robotic observatory^[19]
• Lt Col George E. Hardy, USAF, Ret – Tuskegee Airmen^[20]
• Brigadier General Harold R. Harris, USAF, Ret.
• General Robert T. Herres, USAF, Ret.^[21]
• General Charles R. Holland, USAF, Ret.^[22]
• Robert P. Johannes – One of the developers of the control configured vehicle (CCV) concept
• Lt Col Frank A. Kappeler, USAF, Ret – Doolittle Raider^[23]
• General George Kenney, USAF, Ret.^[24]
• Major General Donald L. Lamberson, USAF, Ret.^[25] – Considered the father of lasers in the Air Force
• Major General Louis G. Leiser, USAF, Ret.^[26]
• Donald S. Lopez, USAF, Ret. – Deputy Director of the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum^[27]
• Lieutenant John A. Macready – American Test Pilot and Aviator
• Lieutenant General Forrest S. McCartney, USAF, Ret.^[28]
• Lt Col Harry C. McCool, USAF, Ret – Doolittle Raider^[29]
• Lt John A. Macready, USAF, Ret – American test pilot and aviator
• General Bernard Schriever, USAF, Ret.^[30]
• General Lawrence Skantze, USAF, Ret.^[31]
• Major General Joseph K. Spiers, USAF, Ret.^[32]
• Lieutenant General James W. Stansberry, USAF, Ret.^[33]
• Lieutenant General William E. Thurman, USAF, Ret.^[34]
• Major General Jerry White (Navigators), USAF, Ret.^[35]
• Colonel Richard V. Wheeler, USAF, Ret. – American Test Pilot and Aviator^[36]
• Lt Col Archie Williams, USAF, Ret. – Gold medal winner of the 400 m sprint – 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin
• Michael Wynne – Former Secretary of the Air Force^[37]
• Dr. Steven M. Cron - retired Michelin engineer and co-inventor of the Tweel.

Notable military leaders

• Lieutenant General John D. Lamontagne, USAF^[38]
• Lieutenant General Joseph P. DiSalvo, USAF^[39]
• Lieutenant General John E. Wissler, USMC^[40]
• Major General William T. “Bill” Cooley, USAF^[41]
• Major General Dwyer L. Dennis, USAF^[42]
• Major General Scott W. Jansson, USAF^[43]
• Major General (S) John M. Pletcher, USAF^[44]
• Brigadier General Roy-Alan C. Agustin, USAF^[45]
• Brigadier General Kenneth T. Bibb Jr., USAF^[46]
• Brigadier General Eric T. Fick, USAF^[47]
• Brigadier General Gregory M. Gutterman, USAF^[48]
• Brigadier General David W. Hicks, USAF^[49]
• Brigadier General Linda S. Hurry, USAF^[50]
• Brigadier General Carl E. Schaefer, USAF^[51]
• Brigadier General Donna D. Shipton, USAF^[52]
• Brigadier General Brad M. Sullivan, USAF^[53]
• Brigadier General (S) Kristin Panzenhagen, USAF

NASA astronauts

• Kevin A. Ford^[54]
• Michael E. Fossum^[55]
• William Anders^[56]
• Guion Bluford^[57]
• Mark N. Brown^[58]
• Gordon Cooper^[59]
• Albert H. Crews
• Donn F. Eisele^[60]
• John M. Fabian^[61]
• Gus Grissom^[62]
• James D. Halsell^[63]
• Steven Lindsey^[64]
• Richard Mullane^[65]
• Donald H. Peterson^[66]
• Major General Robert A. Rushworth, USAF, Ret.

Notable civilian senior leaders

• Eileen A. Bjorkman^[67]
• L. Wayne Brasure^[68]
• Kevin W. Buckley^[69]
• Bruce A. Busler^[70]
• Charles G. "Chuck" Carpenter^[71]
• Mark A. Correll^[72]
• Daniel DeForest^[73]
• Mark A. Gallagher^[74]
• James F. Geurts^[75]
• Mr. Michael M. "Mike" Hale^[76]
• Kelly D. Hammett^[77]
• Robert Scott Jack II^[78]
• Brian A. Maher^[79]
• Charles L. Matson^[80]
• Richard W. McKinney^[81]
• David C. Merker^[82]
• Billy W. Mullins^[83]
• David F. O'Brien^[84]
• Gary A. O'Connell^[85]
• Charles N. "Pete" Peterson^[86]
• Steven K. Rogers^[87]
• David E. Walker^[88]
• Joseph D. "Dean" Yount^[89]

Former names

• Air School of Application 1919–1920
• Air Service Engineering School 1920–1926
• Air Corps Engineering School 1926–1941
• Army Air Forces Engineering School 1944–1945
• Army Air Forces Institute of Technology 1945–1947
• Air Force Institute of Technology 1947–1948
• United States Air Force Institute of Technology 1948–1955
• Institute of Technology, USAF 1955–1956
• Air Force Institute of Technology 1956–1959
• Institute of Technology 1959–1962
• Air Force Institute of Technology 1962–present

Notes and References

1. Web site: News – Naval Postgraduate School. nps.edu. 7 August 2017.
2. Web site: About the School of Systems and Logistics. USAF. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110712165351/http://www.afit.edu/ls/. 12 July 2011 . live.
3. Web site: About the Civil Eng School. USAF. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110716090919/http://www.afit.edu/cess/. 16 July 2011. dead.
4. Web site: About the Graduate School of Engineering and Management. USAF. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20131026112041/http://www.afit.edu/en/aboutgradschool.cfm . 26 October 2013. live.
5. Web site: Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup . Center for Postsecondary Education . carnegieclassifications.iu.edu . 28 July 2020.
6. Web site: How To Apply – Air Force. USAF. 19 February 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20131027212526/http://www.afit.edu/en/admissions/usaf_usmilitaryapply.cfm . 27 October 2013. live.
7. Web site: Official Bio: Anarde. USAF. 25 June 2014.
8. Web site: TANNER. BECCY. Test pilot from Kansas first to fly at Mach 3. The Wichita Eagle. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20120819141300/http://www.kansas.com/2010/08/16/1448820/test-pilot-from-kansas-first-to.html. 19 August 2012. dead.
9. Web site: Official Bio: Babbitt. USAF. 25 June 2014.
10. Web site: Official Bio: Bailey. USAF. 25 June 2014.
11. News: HEVESI . DENNIS . David Barish, a Developer of the Paraglider, Is Dead at 88 . The New York Times. 25 July 2011 . 1 January 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140402052937/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/01/us/01barish.html . 2 April 2014 .
12. Web site: Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
13. Web site: Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
14. Web site: Official Bio: Lt. Gen. Roger G. DeKok. USAF. 25 June 2014.
15. Web site: Official Bio: Lt. Gen. William J. Donahue. USAF. 25 June 2014.
16. Web site: Official Bio: James Harold Doolittle. USAF. 25 June 2014.
17. Web site: Official Bio: Lieutenant General Hans H. Driessnack. USAF. 25 June 2014.
18. Web site: Eagle Biography. website. Air Univiversity, Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base Montgomery, Alabama. 21 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20120925213352/http://www.au.af.mil/au/goe/eagle_bios/1994/franklin_1994.asp . 25 September 2012. live.
19. Web site: RUSSELL MERLE GENET. 1 August 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20131126140404/http://orionobservatory.org/About%20Russ.html . 26 November 2013. live.
20. Web site: Tuskegee Airmen Pilot Listing. Tuskegee University. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20131203000349/http://www.tuskegee.edu/about_us/legacy_of_fame/tuskegee_airmen/tuskegee_airmen_pilot_listing.aspx. 3 December 2013. dead.
21. Web site: Official Bio: Herres. USAF. 25 June 2014.
22. Web site: Official Bio: Holland. USAF. 25 June 2014.
23. Web site: Frank A. Kappeler. doolittleraider.com. 21 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20091228073452/http://www.doolittleraider.com/raiders/kappeler.htm . 28 December 2009. live.
24. Web site: Official Bio: General George Churchill Kenney. USAF. 25 June 2014.
25. Web site: Official Bio: Donald L. Lamberson. USAF. 25 June 2014.
26. Web site: Official Bio: Louis G. Leiser. USAF. 25 June 2014.
27. Web site: Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum's Deputy Director and Aviation Legend Donald Lopez Dies. Smithsonian Newsdesk. 25 October 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20130125234858/http://newsdesk.si.edu/releases/smithsonians-national-air-and-space-museums-deputy-director-and-aviation-legend-donald-lope . 25 January 2013. live.
28. Web site: Official Bio: Lt. Gen. Forrest S. McCartney. USAF. 25 June 2014.
29. Web site: Harry C. McCool. doolittleraider.com. 21 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20140306005423/http://www.doolittleraider.com/raiders/mccool.htm . 6 March 2014. live.
30. Web site: Official Bio: Bernard Adolph Schriever. USAF. 25 June 2014.
31. Web site: Official Bio: General Lawrence A. Skantze. USAF. 25 June 2014.
32. Web site: Official Bio: Major General Joseph K. Spiers. USAF. 25 June 2014.
33. Web site: Official Bio: Lieutenant General James W. Stansberry. USAF. 25 June 2014.
34. Web site: Official Bio: Lieutenant General William E. Thurman. USAF. 25 June 2014.
35. Web site: Official Bio: Maj. Gen. Jerry E. White. USAF. 25 June 2014.
36. Web site: Richard Vincent Wheeler. https://archive.today/20130115150557/http://wgs.cc/416/671-wheeler.html. dead. 15 January 2013. 25 October 2012.
37. Web site: Official Bio: M. Wynne. USAF. 25 June 2014.
38. Web site: John D. Lamontagne .
39. Web site: LIEUTENANT GENERAL MICHAEL T. PLEHN. 2021-05-27. www.jtfb.southcom.mil. en-US.
40. Web site: Leaders. 2021-05-27. www.marforcom.marines.mil.
41. Web site: MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM T. COOLEY. 2021-05-27. www.af.mil. en-US.
42. Web site: MAJOR GENERAL DWYER L. DENNIS. 2021-05-27. www.af.mil. en-US.
43. Web site: MAJOR GENERAL SCOTT W. JANSSON. 2021-05-27. www.af.mil. en-US.
44. Web site: 2014-07-16. BRIGADIER GENERAL JOHN M. PLETCHER > U.S. Air Force > Biography Display. https://web.archive.org/web/20140716213202/http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/Biographies/Display/tabid/225/Article/466891/brigadier-general-john-m-pletcher.aspx. dead. 2014-07-16. 2021-05-27.
45. Web site: BRIGADIER GENERAL ROY AGUSTIN. 2021-05-27. www.af.mil. en-US.
46. Web site: MAJOR GENERAL KENNETH T. BIBB JR.. 2021-05-27. www.af.mil. en-US.
47. Web site: LIEUTENANT GENERAL ERIC T. FICK. 2021-05-27. www.af.mil. en-US.
48. Web site: BRIGADIER GENERAL GREGORY M. GUTTERMAN. 2021-05-27. www.af.mil. en-US.
49. Web site: BRIGADIER GENERAL DAVID W. HICKS. 2021-05-27. www.af.mil. en-US.
50. Web site: BRIGADIER GENERAL LINDA S. HURRY. 2021-05-27. www.af.mil. en-US.
51. Web site: LIEUTENANT GENERAL CARL E. SCHAEFER. 2021-05-27. www.af.mil. en-US.
52. Web site: MAJOR GENERAL DONNA D. SHIPTON. 2021-05-27. www.af.mil. en-US.
53. Web site: MAJOR GENERAL BRAD M. SULLIVAN. 2021-05-27. www.af.mil. en-US.
54. Web site: Astronaut Bio: Kevin A. Ford. NASA. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110723040857/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/ford-ka.html. 23 July 2011 . live.
55. Web site: Astronaut Bio: Michael E. Fossum. NASA. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110726192950/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/fossum.html. 26 July 2011. dead.
56. Web site: Astronaut Bio: William Anders. NAS A. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110629063459/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/anders-wa.html. 29 June 2011. dead.
57. Web site: Astronaut Bio: Guion S. Bluford. NASA. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110628230513/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/bluford-gs.html. 28 June 2011. dead.
58. Web site: Astronaut Bio: Mark N. Brown. NASA. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110628232224/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/brown-mn.html. 28 June 2011 . live.
59. Web site: Astronaut Bio: Gordon Cooper. NASA. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110628235909/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/cooper-lg.html. 28 June 2011 . live.
60. Web site: Astronaut Bio: Donn F. Eisele. NASA. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110629051705/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/eisele-df.html. 29 June 2011. dead.
61. Web site: Astronaut Bio: John M. Fabian. NASA. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110629063013/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/fabian-jm.html. 29 June 2011 . live.
62. Web site: Astronaut Bio: Virgil I. Grisson. NASA. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110723040514/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/grissom-vi.html. 23 July 2011. dead.
63. Web site: Astronaut Bio: James Halsell. NASA. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110628230925/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/halsell.html. 28 June 2011 . live.
64. Web site: Astronaut Bio: Steven W. Lindsey. NASA. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110726191100/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/lindsey.html. 26 July 2011 . live.
65. Web site: Astronaut Bio: Richard M. Millane. NASA. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110723041025/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/mullane-rm.html. 23 July 2011 . live.
66. Web site: Astronaut Bio: Donald H. Peterson. NASA. 25 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110628231639/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/peterson-dh.html. 28 June 2011. dead.
67. Web site: Bjorkman. Eillen. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
68. Web site: Brasure. L. Wayne. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
69. Web site: Buckley. Kevin. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
70. Web site: Busler. Bruce. Official Bio. USAF. 26 October 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121014051324/http://www.transcom.mil/bio/Busler.pdf. 14 October 2012. dead.
71. Web site: Carpenter. Charles. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
72. Web site: Correll. Mark. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
73. Web site: DeForest. Daniel. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
74. Web site: Gallagher. Mark. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
75. Web site: Geurts. James. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141119232430/http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/Biographies/Display/tabid/225/Article/108511/james-f-geurts.aspx. 19 November 2014. dead.
76. Web site: Hale. Michael. Official Bio. USAF Biographies. USAF. 31 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20140717083545/http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/Biographies/Display/tabid/225/Article/108864/michael-m-mike-hale.aspx. 17 July 2014. dead.
77. Web site: Hammett. Kelly. Official Bio. USAF Biographies. USAF. 31 July 2017.
78. Web site: Jack. Robert. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
79. Web site: Maher. Brian. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
80. Web site: Matson. Charles. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
81. Web site: McKinney. Richard. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
82. Web site: Merker. David. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
83. Web site: Mullins. Billy. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
84. Web site: OBrien. David. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
85. Web site: OConnell. Gary. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
86. Web site: Peterson. Charles. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
87. Web site: Rogers. Steven. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.
88. Web site: Walker. David. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140628164143/http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/Biographies/Display/tabid/225/Article/107983/dr-david-e-walker.aspx. 28 June 2014. dead.
89. Web site: Yount. Joseph. Official Bio. USAF. 25 June 2014.