ADCY9 explained

Adenylyl cyclase type 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADCY9 gene.^[1]

Function

Adenylyl cyclase is a membrane bound enzyme that catalyses the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP. It is regulated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors, protein kinases, and calcium. The type 9 adenylyl cyclase is a widely distributed adenylyl cyclase, and it is stimulated by beta-adrenergic receptor activation but is insensitive to forskolin, calcium, and somatostatin.^[2]

Further reading

• Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H . Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones. . DNA Res. . 9 . 3 . 99–106 . 2003 . 12168954 . 10.1093/dnares/9.3.99 . etal. free .
• Paterson JM, Smith SM, Harmar AJ, Antoni FA . Control of a novel adenylyl cyclase by calcineurin. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 214 . 3 . 1000–8 . 1995 . 7575502 . 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2385 .
• Premont RT, Matsuoka I, Mattei MG . Identification and characterization of a widely expressed form of adenylyl cyclase. . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 23 . 13900–7 . 1996 . 8662814 . 10.1074/jbc.271.23.13900 . etal. free .
• Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Miyajima N . Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro. . DNA Res. . 5 . 1 . 31–9 . 1998 . 9628581 . 10.1093/dnares/5.1.31 . etal. free .
• Barcova M, Speth C, Kacani L . Involvement of adenylate cyclase and p70(S6)-kinase activation in IL-10 up-regulation in human monocytes by gp41 envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. . Pflügers Arch. . 437 . 4 . 538–46 . 1999 . 10089566 . 10.1007/s004240050815 . 7620262 . etal.
• Speth C, Joebstl B, Barcova M, Dierich MP . HIV-1 envelope protein gp41 modulates expression of interleukin-10 and chemokine receptors on monocytes, astrocytes and neurones. . AIDS . 14 . 6 . 629–36 . 2000 . 10807185 . 10.1097/00002030-200004140-00001 . 22105709 . free .
• Patke CL, Shearer WT . gp120- and TNF-alpha-induced modulation of human B cell function: proliferation, cyclic AMP generation, Ig production, and B-cell receptor expression. . J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. . 105 . 5 . 975–82 . 2000 . 10808179 . 10.1067/mai.2000.105315 . free .
• Patrizio M, Colucci M, Levi G . Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein decreases cyclic AMP synthesis in rat microglia cultures. . J. Neurochem. . 77 . 2 . 399–407 . 2001 . 11299302 . 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00249.x . 24053412 . free .
• Toyota T, Hattori E, Meerabux J . Molecular analysis, mutation screening, and association study of adenylate cyclase type 9 gene (ADCY9) in mood disorders. . Am. J. Med. Genet. . 114 . 1 . 84–92 . 2002 . 11840511 . 10.1002/ajmg.10117 . etal.
• Speth C, Schabetsberger T, Mohsenipour I . Mechanism of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Induced Complement Expression in Astrocytes and Neurons . J. Virol. . 76 . 7 . 3179–88 . 2002 . 11884542 . 10.1128/JVI.76.7.3179-3188.2002 . 136041 . etal.
• Toyota T, Yamada K, Saito K . Association analysis of adenylate cyclase type 9 gene using pedigree disequilibrium test in bipolar disorder . Mol. Psychiatry . 7 . 5 . 450–2 . 2002 . 12082561 . 10.1038/sj.mp.4000992 . etal. free .
• Ludwig MG, Seuwen K . Characterization of the human adenylyl cyclase gene family: cDNA, gene structure, and tissue distribution of the nine isoforms . J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. . 22 . 1–4 . 79–110 . 2003 . 12503609 . 10.1081/RRS-120014589 . 36697419 .
• Small KM, Brown KM, Theiss CT . An Ile to Met polymorphism in the catalytic domain of adenylyl cyclase type 9 confers reduced beta2-adrenergic receptor stimulation . Pharmacogenetics . 13 . 9 . 535–41 . 2004 . 12972952 . 10.1097/00008571-200309000-00002 . etal.
• Cumbay MG, Watts VJ . Novel regulatory properties of human type 9 adenylate cyclase . J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. . 310 . 1 . 108–15 . 2004 . 14996950 . 10.1124/jpet.104.065748 . 6161734 .
• Tantisira KG, Small KM, Litonjua AA . Molecular properties and pharmacogenetics of a polymorphism of adenylyl cyclase type 9 in asthma: interaction between beta-agonist and corticosteroid pathways . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 14 . 12 . 1671–7 . 2005 . 15879435 . 10.1093/hmg/ddi175 . etal. free .
• Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y . Diversification of transcriptional modulation: Large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes . Genome Res. . 16 . 1 . 55–65 . 2006 . 16344560 . 10.1101/gr.4039406 . 1356129 . etal.
• Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F . Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks . Cell . 127 . 3 . 635–48 . 2006 . 17081983 . 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026 . 7827573 . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Hacker BM, Tomlinson JE, Wayman GA, Sultana R, Chan G, Villacres E, Disteche C, Storm DR . Cloning, chromosomal mapping, and regulatory properties of the human type 9 adenylyl cyclase (ADCY9) . Genomics . 50 . 1 . 97–104 . Apr 1999. 9628827 . 10.1006/geno.1998.5293 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: ADCY9 adenylate cyclase 9.