ACTG2 explained

Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTG2 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility, and maintenance of the cytoskeleton. In vertebrates, three main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta and gamma have been identified. The alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins co-exist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton, and as mediators of internal cell motility. Actin, gamma 2, encoded by this gene, is a smooth muscle actin found in enteric tissues.^[3]

Interactions

ACTG2 has been shown to interact with Emerin.^[4]

Further reading

• Snásel J, Pichová I . The cleavage of host cell proteins by HIV-1 protease . Folia Biol. (Praha) . 42 . 5 . 227–30 . 1997 . 8997639 . 10.1007/BF02818986. 7617882 .
• Adams LD, Tomasselli AG, Robbins P . HIV-1 protease cleaves actin during acute infection of human T-lymphocytes . AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses . 8 . 2 . 291–5 . 1992 . 1540415 . 10.1089/aid.1992.8.291 . etal.
• Tomasselli AG, Hui JO, Adams L . Actin, troponin C, Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein and pro-interleukin 1 beta as substrates of the protease from human immunodeficiency virus . J. Biol. Chem. . 266 . 22 . 14548–53 . 1991 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98721-1 . 1907279 . etal. free .
• Shoeman RL, Kesselmier C, Mothes E . Non-viral cellular substrates for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease . FEBS Lett. . 278 . 2 . 199–203 . 1991 . 1991513 . 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80116-K . 37002682 . etal. free . 1991FEBSL.278..199S .
• Miwa T, Kamada S . The nucleotide sequence of a human smooth muscle (enteric type) gamma-actin cDNA . Nucleic Acids Res. . 18 . 14 . 4263 . 1990 . 2377475 . 10.1093/nar/18.14.4263 . 331204 .
• Ueyama H, Inazawa J, Nishino H . Chromosomal mapping of the human smooth muscle actin gene (enteric type, ACTA3) to 2p13.1 and molecular nature of the hindIII polymorphism . Genomics . 25 . 3 . 720–3 . 1995 . 7759108 . 10.1016/0888-7543(95)80016-F . etal.
• Szucsik JC, Lessard JL . Cloning and sequence analysis of the mouse smooth muscle gamma-enteric actin gene . Genomics . 28 . 2 . 154–62 . 1996 . 8530021 . 10.1006/geno.1995.1126 .
• Bukrinskaya A, Brichacek B, Mann A, Stevenson M . Establishment of a Functional Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Reverse Transcription Complex Involves the Cytoskeleton . J. Exp. Med. . 188 . 11 . 2113–25 . 1999 . 9841925 . 10.1084/jem.188.11.2113 . 2212381 .
• Zhang H, Wang L, Kao S . Functional interaction between the cytoplasmic leucine-zipper domain of HIV-1 gp41 and p115-RhoGEF . Curr. Biol. . 9 . 21 . 1271–4 . 1999 . 10556093 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80511-9 . etal. 4513661 . 1999CBio....9.1271Z .
• Kohnen G, Campbell S, Jeffers MD, Cameron IT . Spatially regulated differentiation of endometrial vascular smooth muscle cells . Hum. Reprod. . 15 . 2 . 284–92 . 2000 . 10655297 . 10.1093/humrep/15.2.284 . free .
• Filmore RA, Dean DA, Zimmer WE . The smooth muscle gamma-actin gene is androgen responsive in prostate epithelia . Gene Expr. . 10 . 5–6 . 201–11 . 2003 . 12450213 . 10.3727/000000002783992424. 31 January 2024 . 5977519 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . etal. 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Cheng C, Sharp PA . RNA Polymerase II Accumulation in the Promoter-Proximal Region of the Dihydrofolate Reductase and γ-Actin Genes . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 23 . 6 . 1961–7 . 2003 . 12612070 . 10.1128/MCB.23.6.1961-1967.2003 . 149466 .
• Wu RF, Gu Y, Xu YC . Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Regulates Endothelial Cell Actin Cytoskeletal Dynamics through PAK1 Activation and Oxidant Production . J. Virol. . 78 . 2 . 779–89 . 2004 . 14694110 . 10.1128/JVI.78.2.779-789.2004 . 368750 . etal.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . etal. free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS . Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4 . Nature . 434 . 7034 . 724–31 . 2005 . 15815621 . 10.1038/nature03466 . etal. 2005Natur.434..724H . free .

Notes and References

1. Miwa T, Manabe Y, Kurokawa K, Kamada S, Kanda N, Bruns G, Ueyama H, Kakunaga T . Structure, chromosome location, and expression of the human smooth muscle (enteric type) gamma-actin gene: evolution of six human actin genes . Mol Cell Biol . 11 . 6 . 3296–306 . July 1991 . 1710027 . 360182 . 10.1128/mcb.11.6.3296.
2. Ueyama H . A HindIII DNA polymorphism in the human enteric type smooth muscle actin gene (ACTSG) . Nucleic Acids Res . 19 . 2 . 411 . May 1991 . 1673027 . 333620 . 10.1093/nar/19.2.411 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: ACTG2 actin, gamma 2, smooth muscle, enteric.
4. 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00415-7 . Lattanzi . Giovanna . Cenni Vittoria . Marmiroli Sandra . Capanni Cristina . Mattioli Elisabetta . Merlini Luciano . Squarzoni Stefano . Maraldi Nadir Mario . April 2003 . Association of emerin with nuclear and cytoplasmic actin is regulated in differentiating myoblasts . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 303 . 3 . 764–70 . United States. 0006-291X. 12670476 .