ACRV1 explained

Acrosomal protein SP-10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACRV1 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

This gene encodes a testis-specific, differentiation antigen, acrosomal vesicle protein 1, that arises within the acrosomal vesicle during spermatogenesis, and is associated with the acrosomal membranes and matrix of mature sperm. This gene consists of 4 exons and its alternative splicing generates multiple distinct transcripts, which encode protein isoforms ranging from 81 to 265 amino acids. The longest transcript is the most abundant, comprising 53-72% of the total acrosomal vesicle protein 1 messages; the second largest transcript comprises 15-32%; the third and the fourth largest transcripts account for 3.4-8.3% and 8.7-12.5%, respectively; and the remaining transcripts combined account for < 1% of the total acrosomal vesicle protein 1 message. It is suggested that phenomena of cryptic splicing and exon skipping occur within this gene. The acrosomal vesicle protein 1 may be involved in sperm-zona binding or penetration, and it is a potential contraceptive vaccine immunogen for humans.^[3]

Further reading

• Herr JC, Klotz K, Shannon J . Purification and microsequencing of the intra-acrosomal protein SP-10. Evidence that SP-10 heterogeneity results from endoproteolytic processes. . Biol. Reprod. . 47 . 1 . 11–20 . 1992 . 1637938 . 10.1095/biolreprod47.1.11 . etal. free .
• Homyk M, Anderson DJ, Wolff H, Herr JC . Differential diagnosis of immature germ cells in semen utilizing monoclonal antibody MHS-10 to the intra-acrosomal antigen SP-10. . Fertil. Steril. . 53 . 2 . 323–30 . 1990 . 2298314 . 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)53289-0. free .
• Freemerman AJ, Flickinger CJ, Herr JC . Characterization of alternatively spliced human SP-10 mRNAs. . Mol. Reprod. Dev. . 41 . 1 . 100–8 . 1995 . 7619499 . 10.1002/mrd.1080410115 . 22411156 .
• Foster JA, Klotz KL, Flickinger CJ . Human SP-10: acrosomal distribution, processing, and fate after the acrosome reaction. . Biol. Reprod. . 51 . 6 . 1222–31 . 1995 . 7888499 . 10.1095/biolreprod51.6.1222 . etal. free .
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Wright RM, Suri AK, Kornreich B . Cloning and characterization of the gene coding for the human acrosomal protein SP-10 . Biol. Reprod. . 49 . 2 . 316–25 . 1993 . 8373955 . 10.1095/biolreprod49.2.316 . etal. free .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 . etal.
• Reddi PP, Shore AN, Acharya KK, Herr JC . Transcriptional regulation of spermiogenesis: insights from the study of the gene encoding the acrosomal protein SP-10 . J. Reprod. Immunol. . 53 . 1–2 . 25–36 . 2002 . 11730901 . 10.1016/S0165-0378(01)00104-8 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.

Notes and References

1. Wright RM, John E, Klotz K, Flickinger CJ, Herr JC . Cloning and sequencing of cDNAs coding for the human intra-acrosomal antigen SP-10 . Biol Reprod . 42 . 4 . 693–701 . Jul 1990 . 1693291 . 10.1095/biolreprod42.4.693 . free .
2. Golden WL, von Kap-Herr C, Kurth B, Wright RM, Flickinger CJ, Eddy R, Shows T, Herr JC . Refinement of the localization of the gene for human intraacrosomal protein SP-10 (ACRV1) to the junction of bands q23→q24 of chromosome 11 by nonisotopic in situ hybridization . Genomics . 18 . 2 . 446–9 . Feb 1994 . 8288254 . 10.1006/geno.1993.1496 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: ACRV1 acrosomal vesicle protein 1.