A9 dualling project explained

Property Name:A9 dualling project
Location:Scotland (Perth to Inverness)
Proposer:Transport Scotland
Official Website:Transport Scotland's programme
Status:In procurement
Type:Upgrade to dual carriageway
Estimated Cost:£3.7 billion[1]
Planned Start:2015
Planned Finish:2035 (initially 2025)

In 2011, Transport Scotland envisioned a plan to upgrade the remaining 90 miles (145 km) of the A9, a trunk road in Scotland, between Perth and Inverness from a single carriageway to a dual carriageway. According to this plan, the road will be widened from one to two lanes per direction (two to four lanes total), and will also have a central reservation. It also means there will be an increase in speed for cars and motorcycles from 60 mph to 70 mph (96 km/h to 112 km/h).

A dual carriageway allows drivers to overtake safely as they do not have to meet oncoming traffic and the crash barriers on the central reservation will greatly reduce the number of head-on collisions. As most of the A9 is currently a single carriageway, drivers will possibly have to overtake heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) and other slow-moving vehicles as they are limited to 50 mph (80 km/h), 10 mph (16 km/h) lower than the speed limit for cars and motorcycles. The project started in September 2015 with a planned completion date of 2025, but it will not be finished on time due to delays.

History

Early upgrades

The 138mile section between Bridge of Allan and Inverness, via Perth, was substantially rebuilt during the 1970s and 80s, but it follows essentially the same route except where it bypasses towns and villages instead of running through their centres. Between Perth and Inverness, the road has been dubbed Killer A9,[2] because of accidents and fatalities where dual-carriageway sections merge into a single-carriageway - the principal cause being motorists driving at excessive speeds to overtake lines of slower-moving vehicles before the dual carriageway ends. Dangerous overtaking manoeuvres on the long single-carriageway stretches of the road are also common causes of accidents, as are the non-grade separated junctions along the northern sections, where drivers make a right turn across the opposing traffic flow.[3]

The most significant alteration of the A9 route was the realignment of the route north from Inverness, crossing the Moray Firth via the Kessock Bridge, cutting through the Black Isle and back across the Cromarty Firth. This shortened the route by 14miles, bypassing Beauly, Muir of Ord and Dingwall. Construction of the Kessock Bridge began in 1976 and it was completed in 1982.[4] Since 2007, the Scottish Government has given serious consideration to converting the entire Perth-Inverness section to dual carriageway with more grade separated junctions, with the initial estimated cost at £600 million.[5] In late 2008, the Scottish Government's transport plan for the next 20 years was announced. It brought forward planned improvements to the A9 in an attempt to stimulate the economy and protect jobs.[6] This included a commitment to full dualling of the road between Perth and Inverness.[7] Work costing a total of £8.5 million was undertaken at Moy, Carrbridge and Bankfoot. Northbound overtaking lanes were created and the carriageway was reconstructed at both Moy and Carrbridge. Junction improvements were also made at Moy and at the Ballinluig junction, south of Pitlochry.[8]

Speed cameras

In July 2013, the Scottish Government announced a plan to install average speed cameras on the A9 between Perth and Inverness. This has been undertaken with an aim to reduce accidents and fatalities on the road, and was the second permanent average speed camera scheme in Scotland.[9] They work by measuring the time it takes to drive between two cameras. Simultaneously, an increased speed limit for heavy goods vehicles from 40mph to 50mph was introduced to help mitigate driver frustration. This happened before the speed limit for HGVs would then apply to England and Wales.[10] Both became operational in October 2014.

The A9 Safety Group claim that the cameras have had a "positive influence" on road users, with the number of drivers breaking the speed limit by over 10mph decreasing by 97%.[11] Improvements to safety include at least 40% reduction in fatalities, and this has been attributed, at least in part, to a reduction in speeding, from 1 in 3 vehicles to just 1 in 15.[12] The average speed cameras may be removed after the A9 dualling project is done.[13]

Construction

Announcement

In November 2011, the Scottish Government announced that it would upgrade the entire road from Perth to Inverness to dual carriageway.[14] The design contract was split into three lots with Lot 1 (Glengarry to Dalraddy) awarded to a CH2M / Fairhurst joint venture in April 2014.[15] Lot 2 (Pass of Birnam to Glengarry) was awarded to Jacobs in August 2014[16] and Lot 3 was awarded to an Atkins / Mouchel joint venture in December 2014.[17]

Completed sections

Award of the construction contract for a preliminary section (outwith Lots 1 to 3) of the £3 billion project was awarded in June 2015,. Work began on the first 5mile section between Kincraig and Dalraddy (located just south of Aviemore) in September 2015.[18] After a slight delay, this section was opened to traffic two years later on 30 September 2017.[19] It is an isolated stretch of dual carriageway (i.e., this section is not an extension of an existing dual carriageway or something that fills the gap, as was done for the second and third section down below). A 2+1 road section (also known as WS2+1) just of the first section was removed due to the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) CD 109 requirements of having a minimum of 2km of single carriageway in between, as well as an existing bridge in the way.[20]

The second section of the project was the 6-mile (10 km) section between Luncarty and Pass of Birnam, the first section of what was single carriageway just north of Perth. After having the £96 million contract awarded to Balfour Beatty in autumn 2018,[21] construction works began in February 2019.[22] This section was scheduled to finish in spring 2021. However, like the Kincraig to Dalraddy section, it also experienced a slight delay meaning that this section was finished on August 2021 with off-carriageway works to finish by 2022.[23] The first two schemes combined meant that Transport Scotland has converted 11 miles (17 km) of single carriageway to dual carriageway.

Proposed sections

Since 2022, no sections of the A9 were either upgraded or under construction. This has also occurred between September 2017 and February 2019 meaning that no major works were also carried out in the whole of 2018.

The third section to be upgraded is between Tomatin and Moy, which is also 6 miles long.[24] [25] This is the northernmost section of single carriageway for the scheme. In November 2023, Transport Minister Fiona Hyslop have announced three contractors have been shortlisted for this scheme: John Graham Construction Ltd, Sacyr UK Ltd and Balfour Beatty Civil Engineering Ltd. The £150 million contract was awarded to Balfour Beatty in July 2024 with construction set to last around three years.[26] [27] Some preparation works to this section include some trees being cut down and a new railway bridge on the Highland Main Line, which were done in 2021 and 2022, ahead of the main construction work.[28] [29] The new railway bridge is also wide enough should the Highland Main Line be doubled in the near future. In April 2024, Transport Scotland began procurement for the 5-mile (8 km) section between Tay Crossing (aka, Jubilee Bridge) and Ballinluig project. This involved publishing a Prior Information Notice for a £155 million contract to complete this section.[30] Initial ground survey and borehole samples took place for the section in 2020.[31] In August 2024, three contractors have been shortlisted for this scheme: Balfour Beatty Civil Engineering Ltd, Wills Bros Civil Engineering Ltd and John Graham Construction Ltd.[32] The contract is expected to be awarded in summer 2025.

Table

If only the year are present, it means that construction should start or finish by the end of that year. Unless stated otherwise, the source for the table is: [33]

!Section!Status!Construction start!Construction end
Kincraig to DalraddyCompleteSeptember 2015September 2017
Luncarty to Pass of BirnamCompleteFebruary 2019August 2021[34]
Tomatin to MoyIn procurement20242027
Tay Crossing to BallinluigIn preparation 20252028
Pitlochry to KilliecrankieIn preparation20262030
Pass of Birnam to Tay CrossingIn preparation20282032
Dalraddy to Slochd
Crubenmore to Kincraig
In preparation20282033
Dalwhinnie to Crubenmore
Glen Garry to Dalwhinnie
Killiecrankie to Glen Garry
In preparation20302035

Delays

Since 2022, no sections of the A9 were either upgraded or under construction. This has also occurred between September 2017 and February 2019 meaning that no major works were also carried out in the whole of 2018.

The full scheme was originally scheduled for completion in 2025,[35] [36] but in December 2023 this deadline was postponed by a decade to late 2035.[37] [38] Former first minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon stated that the reason for the delay was because it "faced significant challenges beyond their control, including from Brexit and the Covid[-19] pandemic"[39] and apologised that the 2025 deadline cannot be met. She did not apologise because of the SNP or because the Scottish Government "messed up". The first two sections of the scheme were already delayed by no more than a couple of months. Only 11 out of 90 miles of the A9 were converted to dual carriageway from 2015 to 2023, leaving 79 miles to be dualled. This means that the project is far from completion.[40]

In March 2024, the SNP MSP Fergus Ewing issued a public letter to the transport secretary Fiona Hyslop highlighting delays to the project and continuing fatalities on the road.[41]

Criticism

Plans to dual the A9 and A96 have been criticised by Patrick Harvie of the Scottish Greens, who has said the plans were incompatible with the Scottish Government's climate initiatives.[42] A study in 2016 found that the dualling project would cost more to construct than it would bring in, including wider economic benefits.[43] However, in 2024, the Transport Secretary of the Scottish Government stated that Net zero Scotland would still need roads and the government had committed to continuing with the dualling project.[44]

The A9 runs through the site of the Battle of Killiecrankie. Expanding the road here will destroy some of the battleground. Transport Scotland say dualling the road will have "some impact" on the site.[45]

External links

Official

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Web site: A9 Dualling Perth to Inverness. 15 August 2023.
  2. Web site: Maciver . Iain . 2023-07-19 . Iain Maciver: Killer A9 should keep Scotland's politicians awake at night . 2024-01-24 . Press and Journal . en-GB.
  3. News: Scotland's most dangerous roads. Herald Scotland . 11 August 2015 . 25 March 2012 . Duffy . Judith .
  4. Web site: Brocklehurst. Steven. Life and death on the A9. BBC News (Scotland - Highlands & Islands). 13 August 2015. 6 March 2014. 21 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150621094247/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-26389280. live.
  5. News: Full A9 upgrade 'to bring extra £300m into economy'. 11 November 2015. Inverness Courier. 2 November 2007. 31 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160131015910/http://www.inverness-courier.co.uk/News/Full-A9-upgrade-to-bring-extra-pound300m-into-economy-4304.htm. live.
  6. News: A9 upgrades brought forward in bid to boost economy. 11 November 2015. Inverness Courier. 5 December 2008. 31 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160131003543/http://www.inverness-courier.co.uk/News/A9-upgrades-brought-forward-in-bid-to-boost-economy-8133.htm. live.
  7. Book: Veitch, Kenneth . Fenton . Alexander . Scottish Life and Society . Donald . Edinburgh . 2009 . 978-1-904607-88-5 . 464.
  8. News: The toll road: The dangers of driving the A9. 11 November 2015. The Scotsman. 21 November 2010. 26 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160126134033/http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/the-toll-road-the-dangers-of-driving-the-a9-1-835049. live.
  9. News: Average speed cameras for A9 from Dunblane to Inverness . 26 July 2013 . 11 August 2015 . BBC News (Scotland - Highlands & Islands) . 9 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181109231145/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-23462860 . live .
  10. Web site: HGV speed limits in the UK .
  11. News: A9 average speed cameras 'have reduced speeding'. 10 September 2015. BBC News. 26 January 2015. 29 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150929152142/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-30972743. live.
  12. News: Comprehensive A9 performance data published . 20 April 2018 . 8 October 2018 . Scottish Government . 9 October 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181009132210/https://news.gov.scot/news/3year-a9-performance-data-published-1 . live .
  13. Web site: FAQs . A9ROAD.INFO . A9 Safety Group (a multi-agency group set up by Transport Scotland) . 17 July 2024 . Between Perth and Inverness, it is likely that the average speed cameras would be removed after the dualling of a particular section is complete. Judgements on this will be made as circumstances require..
  14. News: Dualling of Perth to Inverness A9 to finish by 2025. 11 August 2015. BBC News. 29 November 2011. 1 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201084201/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-15932030. live.
  15. Web site: First multi-million pound A9 Dualling design contract awarded - Ground investigation work to get underway. Transport Scotland. 25 November 2015. 25 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151125234104/http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/news/first-multi-million-pound-a9-dualling-design-contract-awarded-ground-investigation-work-get. live.
  16. Web site: Another multi-million pound A9 dualling contract awarded. Transport Scotland. 25 November 2015. 25 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151125225538/http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/news/another-multi-million-pound-a9-dualling-contract-awarded. live.
  17. Web site: Young People Jobs Boost From A9 Dualling Contracts. Transport Scotland. 25 November 2015. 25 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151125234224/http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/news/young-people-jobs-boost-a9-dualling-contracts. live.
  18. Web site: Work begins on dualling A9 from Inverness to Perth . BBC News . 23 June 2024 . 10 September 2015.
  19. News: First new stretch of A9 dual carriageway opens. 1 October 2017. BBC News. 30 September 2017. 1 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171001062712/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-41453388. live.
  20. Web site: CD 109 - Highway link design . standardsforhighways.co.uk. . The information for readers is located at para 6.4
  21. Web site: Transport Scotland set to award A9 Dualling: Luncarty to Pass of Birnam construction contract to Balfour Beatty Transport Scotland . www.transport.gov.scot . 9 July 2024.
  22. Web site: A9 dualling Luncarty to Birnam - traffic restrictions and overnight closures . 22 Jan 2019 . Transport Scotland . 8 July 2024.
  23. Web site: A9 dualling: Milestone met on Luncarty to Pass of Birnam scheme . 4 June 2021. Ground Engineering . 8 July 2024.
  24. Web site: Contractors shortlisted for delayed A9 Tomatin to Moy upgrade . BBC News . 23 June 2024 . 28 November 2023.
  25. Web site: Major progress on design of Pass of Birnam to Tay Crossing section of A9 Dualling programme . 20 Dec 2023. Transport Scotland. 8 July 2024.
  26. Web site: New Tender opportunity launched for A9 Dualling: Tomatin to Moy Project . 5 September 2023. Transport Scotland. 8 July 2024.
  27. Web site: Next milestone reached for A9 Dualling Programme . Transport Scotland . 9 July 2024.
  28. Web site: Robertson . Lauren . 14 February 2022 . Preparation for A9 dualling between Tomatin and Moy gets under way . Press and Journal (Scotland).
  29. Web site: 31 Aug 2021 . Mole cuts through railway embankment at Lynebeg in Scottish Highlands . Network Rail.
  30. Web site: Next milestone for the A9 Dualling delivery plan . 16 April 2024 . Transport Scotland . 8 July 2024.
  31. Book: Anagnostou, Georgios . Benardos . Andreas . Marinos . Vassilis P. . Expanding Underground - Knowledge and Passion to Make a Positive Impact on the World . CRC Press . 2023-04-12 . 978-1-000-95782-2 . 1627.
  32. https://www.transport.gov.scot/news/full-steam-ahead-on-a9-dualling-as-contractors-shortlisted-for-next-section/ Full steam ahead on A9 Dualling as contractors shortlisted for next section
  33. Web site: Delivery Plan. a9dualling.scot. 8 July 2024.
  34. Web site: Luncarty to Pass of Birnam Overview . 23 June 2024.
  35. News: Candlish. June. First contract awarded to start dualling of the A9. 11 August 2015. The Press & Journal. 16 June 2015. 25 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151125230706/https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/inverness/611188/road-clear-for-start-of-a9-dualling/. live.
  36. Web site: A9 dualling Perth to Inverness. Transport Scotland. 11 August 2015. 29 August 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150829010517/http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/project/a9-dualling-perth-inverness. live.
  37. Web site: Delivery plan for remaining A9 dualling projects announced. 27 December 2023. en.
  38. News: 2023-12-20 . A9 dualling project delayed by 10 years until 2035 . 2024-08-21 . BBC News . en-GB.
  39. News: Nicola Sturgeon sorry 2025 A9 dualling target cannot be met. 2024-05-29. 12 July 2024.
  40. News: 'Years of warning' over A9 dualling timescale . 17 July 2024 . BBC News. 14 June 2023.
  41. Web site: Multiple A9 deaths sparks furious letter from Fergus Ewing to the transport secretary . 28 March 2024 . Inverness Courier . 8 July 2024.
  42. Web site: Malik. Paul. Scottish Government told continuing to dual the A9 and A96 is at odds with its 'green' budget claims. 2021-02-04. The Courier. 12 February 2020 . en-GB. 23 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201223173342/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/politics/scottish-politics/1140622/scottish-government-told-continuing-to-dual-the-a9-and-a96-is-at-odds-with-its-green-budget-claims/. live.
  43. Web site: 2020-02-18. The A9 dualling project – crucial for Scotland?. live. 2021-04-11. SPICe Spotlight Solas air SPICe. en-GB. https://web.archive.org/web/20200313234749/https://spice-spotlight.scot/2020/02/18/the-a9-dualling-project-crucial-for-scotland/ . 13 March 2020 .
  44. Web site: Net zero Scotland will still need roads, says minister . 7 February 2024 . BBC News . 8 July 2024.
  45. News: 2020-01-13. Campaigners fight plan to dual A9 at Killiecrankie Battlefield. en-GB. BBC News. 2021-02-27. 22 January 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200122064044/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-51061943. live.