Alexandros Makriyannis Explained

Alexandros Makriyannis (born September 9, 1939) is an American biochemist and professor of chemistry and chemical biology in the department of medicinal chemistry at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts, where he directs the Center for Drug Discovery and holds the George Behrakis Chair of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology.^[1] His research has focused on the biochemical basis of the endocannabinoid system and on the development of synthetic cannabinoids.

Scientific career

Makriyannis studied chemistry at the University of Cairo.^[2] He then earned his Ph.D. in medicinal chemistry at the University of Kansas and went on to research synthetic organic chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. He worked at Smith, Kline & French Laboratories and Tufts Medical School and then at the University of Connecticut, where he was later appointed Distinguished Professor of Medicinal Chemistry and Professor of Molecular and Cell Biology and Pharmacology.^[3] He moved to Northeastern University in 2005.^[4]

Makriyannis is director of the Center for Drug Discovery at Northeastern University, which he founded in 2005. His work has identified the structure of cannabinoid receptors in the brain, helping to elucidate the psychoactive properties of some of these substances^{[5] [6]} and to point towards modifications in the receptors so as to retain the positive effects of cannabinoids while eliminating the negative ones.^[7] These studies have informed the development by Makriyannis and his collaborators of synthetic compounds with a view to their use as cannabinergic probes or as medications in drug addiction^[8] and in obesity and metabolic disorders. A more recent research interest has been the study of drug interactions with protein targets in membranes. His research has been reported in over 470 publications and his group has filed more than 40 patents.

Subsequent novel inventions include:

2008       “Heteroaryl Urea Compunds as Endocannablnold enzyme Deactivators and a Method of Their Evaluation” – A. Makriyannis, L. Pandarinathan, N. Zvonok, T. Pakkari, L. Chapman

2011        “Method of Developing Cannabinoids with Controlled Duration of Action and Uses Thereof” – A. Makriyannis, G.A Thakur, R. Sharma

2011        “Cannabinergic Resorcinol Analogs” – A. Makriyannis, S. Bajaj, M.R D’Souza, S. Nikas, G. Thakur

2012        “Novel Cannabinerglc Nitrate Esters and Related Analogs” – A. Makriyannis, V.K. Vemuri

2014         Novel urea and carbamates FAAH MAGL or dual FAAH/MAGL inhibitors and their uses thereof” – A. Makriyannis, V.G. Shukla, S.O. Alapafuja

2014        “N·Acylethanolamlne Hydrolyzing Acid Amldase (NAAA) Inhibitors and Their Use Thereof” – A. Makriyannis, M. Malamas, K.V Subramanian, K. Whitten, N. Zvonok, J.M West, S. Pavlopoulos

2017        “Carbarnates ABHD6 and dual ABHD6/MGL Inhibitors and their use thereof”- A. Makriyannis, M. Malamas, M. Lamani, S.I Farah

Biotechnology Startups

Makriyannis has founded two biotechnology startups in Burlington, MA dedicated to bringing new and innovative drugs to the market place for human diseases that can be modulated by the endocannabinoid system:

• MAKScientific (2004)
• PafosPharma (2014)

Awards

• McNeil Endowment Fellowship (1964–67)
• Research Scientist Award, NIDA (1990–95, 1995-2000)
• Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (1993)
• President, International Cannabinoid Research Society (ICRS) (1993)      
• Distinguished Scientist Award, University of Connecticut Alumni (1996)
• Fellow, American Association of Pharmaceutical Sciences (1997)
• National Institute of Health MERIT Awards (1997-2007, 2007-2017)
• Senior Scientist NIDA Award (2000-2011)
• Distinguished professor, University of Connecticut, Board of Trustees (2002)
• Research Achievement Award in Drug Design and Discovery, American Association of
• Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) (2002)
• Behrakis Trustee Chair in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Northeastern University (2004)
• Honorary Doctorate of Philosophy, University of Athens, Greece (2005)
• Recognition of Scholarly or Creative Work by Northeastern Faculty and Staff, Northeastern University (2005)
• Mechoulam Life Achievement Award in Cannabinoid Research (ICRS) (2006)
• Distinguished Patent Award, University of Connecticut (2007)
• Kenneth E. Avis Award in Medicinal Chemistry (2007)
• Marquis Who’s Who in Science and Engineering (2007)
• ACS Research Lifetime Achievement Award in Medicinal Chemistry (2012)
• Annual NU Award for Excellence in Research and Creativity (2012)
• ACS Medicinal Chemistry Hall of Fame (2013)
• Highly Cited Researcher, Thomson Reuters (2014)
• Distinguished professor, Northeastern University (2015)
• AAPS Distinguished Pharmaceutical Scientist Award (2015)
• Honorary Doctorate of Philosophy, University of Crete Medical School, Greece (2018)
• CPDD Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award (2018)

See also

• List of AM cannabinoids

Further reading

• Book: Kiran Vemuri . V. . Makriyannis . Alexandros . https://books.google.com/books?id=kiicCpjCInEC&pg=PA21 . The Cannabinoid Receptors. Patricia H.. Reggio . Endocannabinoids and their Synthetic Analogs . Springer Science & Business Media . 21–48 . 2008 . 978-1-59745-503-9.
• Stockton . Nick . Scientists Map the Receptor That Makes Weed Work . Wired . July 6, 2017.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Alexandros Makriyannis . Northeastern University College of Science . 2 December 2018.
2. News: Pioneer in Chemical Biology . 3 January 2019 . Ellines.
3. Web site: Alexandros Makriyannis . Advancing Drug Development Forum . 2 December 2018 . 2018-08-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190103082958/http://www.advancingdrugdevelopment.com/2018/08/06/alexandros-makriyannis/ . 3 January 2019 . dead .
4. Web site: Alexandros Makriyannis, Ph.D. . American Chemical Society, Division of Medicinal Chemistry . 2 December 2018.
5. Web site: Cannabinoid receptor structure revealed. November 1, 2016. National Institutes of Health (NIH).
6. Web site: Structure of the brain's 'marijuana receptor' revealed. Singer. Thea. October 20, 2016. News@Northeastern. Northeastern University.
7. News: Peut-on fumer de l'herbe sans être stone ?. Perrier. Jean. October 19, 2017. GQ France. fr-FR. Could we smoke weed without getting stoned?.
8. Web site: Can the opioid crisis be fixed?. Davi. Christine Regan. August 3, 2018. News@Northeastern. Northeastern University.