At-Tur, East Jerusalem Explained

At-Tur (Arabic: الطور, Hebrew: א-טור; lit. "The Mount" in Arabic[1]) is an Arab-majority neighborhood on the Mount of Olives approximately 1 km east of the Old City of Jerusalem. At-Tur is situated in East Jerusalem,[2] occupied and later effectively annexed by Israel after the Six-Day War in 1967.

History

At-Tur is believed to be the location of the site of Bethphage (Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Βηθφαγή|; Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE);; Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE);: בֵּית פַּגִּי||lit=house of unripe figs), a place mentioned in the New Testament.[3] [4] Archaeological excavations uncovered rock-cut installations, a quarry, columbarium, and rock-cut caves. Also found at the site are burial caves believed to date from the Second Temple period.[5]

The Chapel of the Ascension is located in At-Tur. Located on the Mount of Olives, the chapel is part of a larger complex consisting first of a Christian church and monastery, then an Islamic mosque. It is located on a site which the Christian faithful traditionally believe to be the earthly spot where Jesus ascended into Heaven forty days after his resurrection.

Ottoman era

In 1596, the village appeared as Tur Zayta in Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds. It had a population of 48 households and 8 bachelors, all Muslim, and paid taxes on wheat, barley, vines or fruit trees, and goats or beehives, a total of 3,200 akçe.[6]

In 1838, in the Biblical Researches in Palestine, it was noted as a Muslim village, located in el-Wadiyeh’ district, east of Jerusalem.[7] [8]

An Ottoman village list of about 1870 counted 38 houses and a population of 127, though the population count included only men. It was described as a village on the Mount of Olives.[9] [10]

In 1883, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described At-Tur as "a small straggling village on the top of Olivet. The houses are built of stone, but low and mean. The church of the Ascension, now a mosque, stands towards the west at the brow of the hill."[11]

In 1896 the population of Et-tur was estimated to be about 474 persons.[12]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, At Tur had a population 1,037; 806 Muslims and 231 Christians,[13] increasing in the 1931 census to 2,090; 12 Jews, 253 Christians and 1,825 Muslims, in 400 houses.[14]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Et Tur was 2,770; 2,380 Muslims and 390 Christians,[15] who owned 8,808 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey.[16] 228 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 2,838 for cereals,[17] while 86 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[18]

Jordanian era

After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, At-Tur came under Jordanian rule.

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 4,289 inhabitants in At-Tur,[19] of whom 686 were Christian.[20]

Post-1967

During the 1967 Six-Day War, At-Tur came under Israeli occupation, remaining so after the war.

At-Tur has a population of 18,150, mostly Israeli Jews, as well as Muslims and a small Christian minority. Landmarks in At-Tur include the Augusta Victoria Hospital, the Church and Convent of Pater Noster, where the Lord's Prayer is inscribed in 110 languages,[21] [22] and the Seven Arches Hotel.[23]

The Al-Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital, a 250-bed medical facility with in-patient and out-patient services is located in At-Tur.[24]

Jewish Israelis have been buying properties in the neighbourhood and have been resettling the Mount of Olives at a growing rate.

On Friday, 24 April 2015, a 16-year-old resident of at-Tur was shot dead by Israeli soldiers at the Az-Zaim checkpoint. The police said he attacked with a knife, but his family denied this.[25]

See also

Bibliography

External links

31.7803°N 35.2464°W

Notes and References

  1. Palmer, 1881, p. 330
  2. Building and Infrastructure Development in East Jerusalem . Municipality of Jerusalem . 3 March 1997 . 2007-06-02 .
  3. Avi-Yonah . Michael . 1976 . Gazetteer of Roman Palestine . Qedem . 5 . 40 . 0333-5844.
  4. Book: Gibson, Shimon . The Final Days of Jesus: The Archaeological Evidence . HarperOne . 2009 . 978-0-7459-5395-3 . 20 . Bethphage is identified with the village of Et-Tur on the east side of the southern summit of the Mount of Olives..
  5. Mizrachi . Yonathan . 2009 . Jerusalem, Eṯ-Ṯur: Final Report . Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel / חדשות ארכיאולוגיות: חפירות וסקרים בישראל . 121 . 1565-043X.
  6. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 118
  7. Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, 2nd appendix, p. 122
  8. Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 2, pp. 347, 405, 565
  9. Socin, 1879, p. 162 It was also noted to be in the el-wadije district.
  10. Hartmann, 1883, p. 124 also noted 38 houses
  11. Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 30
  12. Schick, 1896, p. 121
  13. Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 14
  14. Mills, 1932, p. 44
  15. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 25
  16. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 58
  17. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 104
  18. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945; quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 154
  19. Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 13
  20. Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, pp. 115-116
  21. http://www.netours.com/jrs/2003/pater-noster.htm The Pater Noster Church on the Mount of Olives
  22. http://www.sacred-destinations.com/israel/jerusalem-church-of-pater-noster.htm Church of the Pater Noster (Jerusalem)
  23. http://www.jerusalemfoundation.org/english/article.php?id=320 Seven Arches Hotel profile
  24. http://www.biojerusalem.org.il/database_hospital.asp?ID=9 Al-Makassed Hospital profile
  25. News: Palestinian Tries to Stab Police Officers in Jerusalem and Is Shot Dead, Police Says. Hasson. Nir. 2015-04-25. Haaretz. 2017-03-27. Reuters. en.

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