A-232 Explained

A-232 is an organophosphate nerve agent.[1] It was developed in the Soviet Union under the FOLIANT program and is one of the group of compounds referred to as Novichok agents that were revealed by Vil Mirzayanov. A-232 is reportedly slightly less potent as a nerve agent compared to some of the other compounds in the series such as A-230 and A-234, having similar potency to the older nerve agent VR. However it proved to be the most versatile agent as it was chemically stable and remained a volatile liquid over a wide temperature range, making it able to be used in standard chemical munitions without requiring special delivery mechanisms to be developed.[2] [3] [4]

Legal status

A-232 has been added to Schedule 1 of the Annex on Chemicals of the Chemical Weapons Convention as of June 2020, and it has been explicitly named as an example compound for schedule 1.A.14.[5] [6] For chemicals listed in Schedule 1, the most stringent declaration and verification measures are in place combined with far-reaching limits and bans on production and use. It is notable to say that Annex 1 does not explicitly relate this structure to the name A-232, just add this particular structure to the prohibited compounds section.

See also

Notes and References

  1. U.K. attack shines spotlight on deadly nerve agent developed by Soviet scientists . Stone . R. . 19 March 2018 . . 10.1126/science.aat6324 .
  2. Book: Mirzayanov VS . 2008 . State Secrets: An Insider's Chronicle of the Russian Chemical Weapons Program . Outskirts Press . 978-1-4327-2566-2.
  3. History of Russia's chemical weapons . https://web.archive.org/web/20180314042412/http://archiv.uni-nke.hu/downloads/aarms/docs/Volume6/Issue1/pdf/15vasa.pdf . dead . 2018-03-14 . Vásárhelyi G, Földi L . AARMS . 2007 . 6 . 1 . 135–146 .
  4. Franca TC, Kitagawa DA, Cavalcante SF, da Silva JA, Nepovimova E, Kuca K . Novichoks: The Dangerous Fourth Generation of Chemical Weapons . International Journal of Molecular Sciences . 20 . 5 . 1222 . March 2019 . 30862059 . 6429166 . 10.3390/ijms20051222 . free .
  5. Web site: 14 January 2020. S/1821/2019/Rev.1 Note by the Technical Secretariat Guidance for States Parties on Article VI Declaration Obligations and Inspections Following Entry Into Force of Changes to Schedule 1 of the Annex on Chemicals to the Chemical Weapons Convention .
  6. Web site: Schedule 1. 2020-07-26. Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) . en.

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