September 9 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 337  - Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti.^{[1] [2]}
• 1000  - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age.^[3]
• 1141  - Yelü Dashi, the Liao dynasty general who founded the Qara Khitai, defeats the Seljuq and Kara-Khanid forces at the Battle of Qatwan.
• 1320  - In the Battle of Saint George, the Byzantines under Andronikos Asen ambush and defeat the forces of the Principality of Achaea, securing possession of Arcadia.
• 1488  - Anne becomes sovereign Duchess of Brittany, becoming a central figure in the struggle for influence that leads to the union of Brittany and France.
• 1493  - Battle of Krbava Field, a decisive defeat of Croats in Croatian struggle against the invasion by the Ottoman Empire.
• 1493  - Christopher Columbus, with 17 ships and 1,200 men, sails on second voyage from Cadiz.^[4]
• 1499  - The citizens of Lisbon celebrate the triumphal return of the explorer Vasco de Gama, completing his two-year journey around the Cape of Good Hope to India.^[5]
• 1513  - James IV of Scotland is defeated and dies in the Battle of Flodden, ending Scotland's involvement in the War of the League of Cambrai.
• 1543  - Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is crowned "Queen of Scots" in the central Scottish town of Stirling.
• 1561  - The ultimately unsuccessful Colloquy of Poissy opens in an effort to reconcile French Catholics and Protestants.
• 1588  - Thomas Cavendish in his ship Desire enters Plymouth and completes the first deliberately planned voyage of circumnavigation.^[6]

1601–1900

• 1739  - Stono Rebellion, the largest slave uprising in Britain's mainland North American colonies prior to the American Revolution, erupts near Charleston, South Carolina.
• 1776  - The Continental Congress officially names its union of states the United States.
• 1791  - Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, is named after President George Washington.
• 1801  - Alexander I of Russia confirms the privileges of Baltic provinces.
• 1839  - John Herschel takes the first glass plate photograph.
• 1845  - Possible start of the Great Famine of Ireland.^{[7] [8]}
• 1850  - The Compromise of 1850 transfers a third of Texas's claimed territory to federal control in return for the U.S. federal government assuming $10 million of Texas's pre-annexation debt.
• 1850  - California is admitted as the thirty-first U.S. state.
• 1855  - Crimean War: The Siege of Sevastopol comes to an end when Russian forces abandon the city.
• 1863  - American Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee.
• 1892  - Amalthea becomes the last moon to be discovered without the use of photography.

1901–present

• 1914  - World War I: The creation of the Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade, the first fully mechanized unit in the British Army.
• 1922  - The Greco-Turkish War effectively ends with Turkish victory over the Greeks in Smyrna.
• 1923  - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, founds the Republican People's Party.
• 1924  - Hanapepe massacre occurs on Kauai, Hawaii.
• 1936  - The crews of Portuguese Navy frigate and destroyer Dão mutinied against the Salazar dictatorship's support of General Franco's coup and declared their solidarity with the Spanish Republic.
• 1939  - World War II: The Battle of Hel begins, the longest-defended pocket of Polish Army resistance during the German invasion of Poland.
• 1939  - Burmese national hero U Ottama dies in prison after a hunger strike to protest Britain's colonial government.
• 1940  - George Stibitz pioneers the first remote operation of a computer.
• 1940  - Treznea Massacre in Transylvania.
• 1942  - World War II: A Japanese floatplane drops incendiary bombs on Oregon.
• 1943  - World War II: The Allies land at Salerno and Taranto, Italy.
• 1944  - World War II: The Fatherland Front takes power in Bulgaria through a military coup in the capital and armed rebellion in the country. A new pro-Soviet government is established.
• 1945  - Second Sino-Japanese War: The Empire of Japan formally surrenders to China.
• 1947  - First case of a computer bug being found: A moth lodges in a relay of a Harvard Mark II computer at Harvard University.
• 1948  - Kim Il Sung declares the establishment of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea).
• 1954  - The 6.7 Chlef earthquake shakes northern Algeria with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). At least 1,243 people were killed and 5,000 were injured.
• 1956  - Elvis Presley appears on The Ed Sullivan Show for the first time.
• 1965  - The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development is established.
• 1965  - Hurricane Betsy makes its second landfall near New Orleans, leaving 76 dead and $1.42 billion ($10–12 billion in 2005 dollars) in damages, becoming the first hurricane to cause over $1 billion in unadjusted damage.
• 1966  - The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act is signed into law by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson.
• 1969  - In Canada, the Official Languages Act comes into force, making French equal to English throughout the Federal government.
• 1969  - Allegheny Airlines Flight 863 collides in mid-air with a Piper PA-28 Cherokee over Moral Township, Shelby County, Indiana, killing all 83 people on board both aircraft.^[9]
• 1970  - A British airliner is hijacked by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and flown to Dawson's Field in Jordan.
• 1971  - The four-day Attica Prison riot begins, eventually resulting in 39 dead, most killed by state troopers retaking the prison.
• 1972  - In Kentucky's Mammoth Cave National Park, a Cave Research Foundation exploration and mapping team discovers a link between the Mammoth and Flint Ridge cave systems, making it the longest known cave passageway in the world.
• 1976  - Two Aeroflot flights collide in mid-air over Anapa, killing 70.^[10]
• 1988  - Vietnam Airlines Flight 831 crashes in Khu Khot, Thailand, while on approach to Don Muang International Airport, killing 76.^[11]
• 1990  - Batticaloa massacre: Massacre of 184 Tamil civilians by the Sri Lankan Army in Batticaloa District.
• 1991  - Tajikistan declares independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1993  - Israeli–Palestinian peace process: The Palestine Liberation Organization officially recognizes Israel as a legitimate state.
• 1994  - Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on STS-64.^[12]
• 2001  - Ahmad Shah Massoud, leader of the Northern Alliance, is assassinated in Afghanistan by two al-Qaeda assassins who claimed to be Arab journalists wanting an interview.
• 2006  - Space Shuttle Program: Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched on STS-115 to resume assembling the International Space Station. It is the first ISS assembly mission after the Columbia disaster back in 2003.^[13]
• 2009  - The Dubai Metro, the first urban train network in the Arabian Peninsula, is ceremonially inaugurated.
• 2012  - The Indian space agency puts into orbit its heaviest foreign satellite yet, in a streak of 21 consecutive successful PSLV launches.
• 2012  - A wave of attacks kills more than 100 people and injure 350 others across Iraq.
• 2015  - Elizabeth II becomes the longest reigning monarch of the United Kingdom.
• 2016  - The government of North Korea conducts its fifth and reportedly biggest nuclear test. World leaders condemn the act, with South Korea calling it "maniacal recklessness".

Births

Pre-1600

• 214/15  - Aurelian, Roman emperor (d. 275)^[14]
• 384  - Honorius, Roman emperor (d. 423)^[15]
• 1349  - Albert III, Duke of Austria (d. 1395)
• 1427  - Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros, English soldier and politician (d. 1464)
• 1466  - Ashikaga Yoshitane, Japanese shōgun (d. 1523)
• 1558  - Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur (d. 1602)
• 1585  - Cardinal Richelieu, French cardinal and politician (d. 1642)^[16]

1601–1900

• 1629  - Cornelis Tromp, Dutch general (d. 1691)^[17]
• 1700  - Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1780)
• 1711  - Thomas Hutchinson, English historian and politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (d. 1780)^[18]
• 1721  - Fredrik Henrik af Chapman, Swedish admiral and shipbuilder (d. 1808)
• 1731  - Francisco Javier Clavijero, Mexican priest, historian, and scholar (d. 1787)^[19]
• 1737  - Luigi Galvani, Italian physician and physicist (d. 1798)^[20]
• 1754  - William Bligh, English admiral and politician, 4th Governor of New South Wales (d. 1817)^[21]
• 1755  - Benjamin Bourne, American judge and politician (d. 1808)
• 1777  - James Carr, American soldier and politician (d. 1818)
• 1778  - Clemens Brentano, German poet and author (d. 1842)^[22]
• 1789  - Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, Polish rabbi (d. 1866)
• 1807  - Richard Chenevix Trench, Irish-English archbishop and philologist (d. 1886)
• 1823  - Joseph Leidy, American paleontologist and academic (d. 1891)^[23]
• 1828  - Leo Tolstoy, Russian author and playwright (d. 1910)^[24]
• 1834  - Joseph Henry Shorthouse, English author (d. 1903)^[25]
• 1853  - Fred Spofforth, Australian-English cricketer and merchant (d. 1926)
• 1855  - Houston Stewart Chamberlain, English-German philosopher and author (d. 1927)^[26]
• 1863  - Herbert Henry Ball, English-Canadian journalist and politician (d. 1943)
• 1868  - Mary Hunter Austin, American author, poet, and critic (d. 1934)^[27]
• 1873  - Max Reinhardt, Austrian-born American theater and film director (d. 1943)^[28]
• 1876  - Frank Chance, American baseball player and manager (d. 1924)^[29]
• 1877  - James Agate, English journalist, author, and critic (d. 1947)^[30]
• 1878  - Adelaide Crapsey, American poet and critic (d. 1914)^[31]
• 1878  - Arthur Fox, English-American fencer (d. 1958)
• 1878  - Sergio Osmeña, Filipino lawyer and politician, 4th President of the Philippines (d. 1961)^[32]
• 1882  - Clem McCarthy, American sportscaster (d. 1962)^[33]
• 1885  - Miriam Licette, English soprano and educator (d. 1969)
• 1885  - Clare Sheridan, English sculptor and author (d. 1970)^[34]
• 1887  - Alf Landon, American lieutenant, banker, and politician, 26th Governor of Kansas (d. 1987)^[35]
• 1890  - Colonel Sanders, American businessman, founded KFC (d. 1980)^[36]
• 1894  - Arthur Freed, American composer and producer (d. 1973)^[37]
• 1894  - Humphrey Mitchell, Canadian trade union leader and politician, 14th Canadian Minister of Labour (d. 1950)^[38]
• 1894  - Bert Oldfield, Australian cricketer and soldier (d. 1976)
• 1898  - Frankie Frisch, American baseball player and manager (d. 1973)^[39]
• 1899  - Neil Hamilton, American stage, film and television actor (d. 1984)^[40]
• 1899  - Waite Hoyt, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 1984)^[41]
• 1899  - Bruno E. Jacob, American academic, founded the National Forensic League (d. 1979)
• 1900  - James Hilton, English-American author and screenwriter (d. 1954)^[42]

1901–present

• 1903  - Lev Shankovsky, Ukrainian military historian (d. 1995)^{[43] [44]}
• 1903  - Edward Upward, English author (d. 2009)^[45]
• 1903  - Phyllis A. Whitney, American author (d. 2008)^[46]
• 1904  - Feroze Khan, Indian-Pakistani field hockey player and coach (d. 2005)
• 1904  - Arthur Laing, Canadian lawyer and politician, 9th Canadian Minister of Veterans Affairs (d. 1975)
• 1905  - Joseph E. Levine, American film producer, founded Embassy Pictures (d. 1987)^[47]
• 1905  - Brahmarishi Hussain Sha, Indian philosopher and poet (d. 1981)
• 1906  - Ali Hadi Bara, Iranian-Turkish sculptor and educator (d. 1971)
• 1907  - Leon Edel, American author and critic (d. 1997)^[48]
• 1908  - Cesare Pavese, Italian poet and author (d. 1950)^[49]
• 1908  - Shigekazu Shimazaki, Japanese admiral (d. 1945)
• 1911  - Paul Goodman, American author, poet, and playwright (d. 1972)
• 1911  - John Gorton, Australian lieutenant and politician, 19th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2002)^[50]
• 1914  - John Passmore, Australian philosopher and academic (d. 2004)^[51]
• 1918  - Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, Italian lawyer and politician, 9th President of Italy (d. 2012)^[52]
• 1919  - Gottfried Dienst, Swiss footballer and referee (d. 1998)
• 1919  - Jimmy Snyder, American sportscaster (d. 1996)^[53]
• 1920  - Neil Chotem, Canadian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2008)^[54]
• 1920  - Feng Kang, Chinese mathematician and physicist (d. 1993)^[55]
• 1920  - Robert Wood Johnson III, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1970)
• 1922  - Hoyt Curtin, American composer and producer (d. 2000)
• 1922  - Hans Georg Dehmelt, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2017)^[56]
• 1922  - Manolis Glezos, Greek journalist and politician (d. 2020)^[57]
• 1922  - Warwick Estevam Kerr, Brazilian geneticist, entomologist, and engineer (d. 2018)^[58]
• 1923  - Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)^[59]
• 1923  - Cliff Robertson, American actor (d. 2011)^[60]
• 1924  - Jane Greer, American actress (d. 2001)^[61]
• 1924  - Sylvia Miles, American actress (d. 2019)^[62]
• 1924  - Russell M. Nelson, American captain, surgeon, and religious leader^[63]
• 1924  - Rik Van Steenbergen, Belgian cyclist (d. 2003)^[64]
• 1926  - Louise Abeita, Isleta Pueblo (Native American) writer, poet, and educator (d. 2014)
• 1926  - Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Egyptian theologian and author^[65] (d. 2022)
• 1927  - Elvin Jones, American drummer and bandleader (d. 2004)^[66]
• 1927  - Tatyana Zaslavskaya, Russian sociologist and economist (d. 2013)
• 1928  - Moses Anderson, American Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2013)^[67]
• 1928  - Sol LeWitt, American painter and sculptor (d. 2007)^[68]
• 1929  - Claude Nougaro, French singer-songwriter (d. 2004)^[69]
• 1930  - Francis Carroll, Australian archbishop^[70] (d. 2024)
• 1931  - Robin Hyman, English author and publisher (d. 2017)
• 1931  - Zoltán Latinovits, Hungarian actor and author (d. 1976)
• 1931  - Ida Mae Martinez, American wrestler (d. 2010)^[71]
• 1931  - Shirley Summerskill, English physician and politician
• 1931  - Margaret Tyzack, English actress (d. 2011)^[72]
• 1932  - Carm Lino Spiteri, Maltese architect and politician (d. 2008)^[73]
• 1934  - Nicholas Liverpool, Dominican lawyer and politician, 6th President of Dominica (d. 2015)^[74]
• 1934  - Sonia Sanchez, American poet, playwright, and activist^[75]
• 1935  - Gopal Baratham, Singaporean neurosurgeon and author (d. 2002)
• 1935  - Nadim Sawalha, Jordanian-born English actor
• 1935  - Chaim Topol, Israeli actor, singer, and producer (d. 2023) ^[76]
• 1936  - William Bradshaw, Baron Bradshaw, English academic and politician
• 1938  - John Davis, English anthropologist and academic (d. 2017)
• 1938  - Jay Ward, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 2012)
• 1939  - Ron McDole, American football player
• 1940  - Hugh Morgan, Australian businessman
• 1940  - Joe Negroni, American doo-wop singer (d. 1978)
• 1941  - Syed Abid Ali, Indian cricketer
• 1941  - Otis Redding, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1967)^[77]
• 1941  - Dennis Ritchie, American computer scientist, created the C programming language (d. 2011)^[78]
• 1942  - The Iron Sheik, Iranian-American wrestler and actor (d. 2023)^[79]
• 1942  - Inez Foxx, American singer^[80] (d. 2022)
• 1942  - Danny Kalb, American singer and guitarist (d. 2022)
• 1943  - Frank Clark, English footballer, manager and chairman
• 1945  - Ton van Heugten, Dutch motocross racer (d. 2008)^[81]
• 1945  - Dee Dee Sharp, American singer^[82]
• 1945  - Doug Ingle, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player (d. 2024)^[83]
• 1946  - Jim Keays, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter (d. 2014)^[84]
• 1946  - Bruce Palmer, Canadian folk-rock bass player (d. 2004)^[85]
• 1947  - David Rosenboom, American composer and educator
• 1947  - Freddy Weller, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1947  - T. M. Wright, American author, poet, and illustrator (d. 2015)
• 1949  - John Curry, English figure skater (d. 1994)^[86]
• 1949  - Daniel Pipes, American historian and author
• 1949  - Joe Theismann, American football player and sportscaster^[87]
• 1949  - Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Indonesian general and politician, 6th President of Indonesia^[88]
• 1950  - Gogi Alauddin, Pakistani squash player and coach
• 1950  - John McFee, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1951  - Alexander Downer, Australian economist and politician, 34th Minister of Foreign Affairs for Australia^[89]
• 1951  - Tom Wopat, American actor and singer
• 1952  - Angela Cartwright, English-American actress, author, and singer^[90]
• 1952  - Per Jørgensen, Norwegian singer and trumpet player^[91]
• 1952  - Dave Stewart, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer^[92]
• 1953  - Janet Fielding, Australian actress^[93]
• 1954  - Walter Davis, American basketball player (d. 2023)^[94]
• 1955  - John Kricfalusi, Canadian voice actor, animator, director, and screenwriter^[95]
• 1957  - Pierre-Laurent Aimard, French pianist and educator
• 1959  - Tom Foley, American baseball player and coach
• 1959  - Éric Serra, French composer and producer
• 1960  - Hugh Grant, English actor and producer^[96]
• 1960  - Bob Hartley, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1960  - Johnson Righeira, Italian singer-songwriter, musician, record producer and actor
• 1960  - Bob Stoops, American football player and coach
• 1960  - Kimberly Willis Holt, American author^[97]
• 1963  - Chris Coons, American lawyer and politician^[98]
• 1963  - Roberto Donadoni, Italian footballer and manager
• 1963  - Neil Fairbrother, English cricketer^[99]
• 1964  - Aleksandar Hemon, Bosnian-American author and critic^[100]
• 1964  - Skip Kendall, American golfer
• 1965  - Charles Esten, American actor, comedian, and musician
• 1965  - Dan Majerle, American basketball player and coach
• 1965  - Constance Marie, American actress
• 1965  - Marcel Peeper, Dutch footballer
• 1966  - Georg Hackl, German luger and coach^[101]
• 1966  - Kevin Hatcher, American ice hockey player
• 1966  - Adam Sandler, American actor, comedian, producer, and screenwriter^[102]
• 1966  - Brian Smith, Australian-Irish rugby player and coach
• 1967  - B. J. Armstrong, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1967  - Chris Caffery, American singer-songwriter and guitarist^[103]
• 1967  - Mark Shrader, American wrestler^{[104] [105]}
• 1967  - Akshay Kumar, Indian actor and producer^[106]
• 1968  - Jon Drummond, American sprinter and coach
• 1968  - Clive Mendonca, English footballer
• 1968  - Julia Sawalha, English actress
• 1969  - Rachel Hunter, New Zealand model and actress
• 1969  - Natasha Stott Despoja, Australian politician^[107]
• 1970  - Natalia Streignard, Spanish-Venezuelan actress^[108]
• 1971  - Eric Stonestreet, American actor
• 1971  - Henry Thomas, American actor and guitarist
• 1972  - Mike Hampton, American baseball player and coach
• 1972  - Natasha Kaplinsky, English journalist
• 1972  - Jakko Jan Leeuwangh, Dutch speed skater
• 1972  - Miriam Oremans, Dutch tennis player
• 1972  - Xavi Pascual, Spanish professional basketball coach
• 1972  - Félix Rodríguez, Dominican baseball player
• 1972  - Goran Višnjić, Croatian-American actor^[109]
• 1973  - Kazuhisa Ishii, Japanese baseball player
• 1974  - Vikram Batra, Indian captain (d. 1999)
• 1974  - Shane Crawford, Australian footballer and television host
• 1974  - Marcos Curiel, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1974  - Jun Kasai, Japanese wrestler
• 1974  - Gok Wan, English fashion stylist, author, and television host
• 1975  - Michael Bublé, Canadian singer-songwriter and actor^[110]
• 1975  - Anton Oliver, New Zealand rugby player
• 1976  - Emma de Caunes, French actress
• 1976  - El Intocable, Mexican wrestler
• 1976  - Hanno Möttölä, Finnish basketball player
• 1976  - Joey Newman, American composer and conductor
• 1976  - Mattias Öhlund, Swedish ice hockey player^[111]
• 1976  - Aki Riihilahti, Finnish footballer and coach
• 1976  - Kristoffer Rygg, Norwegian singer-songwriter and producer
• 1977  - Kyle Snyder, American baseball player and coach
• 1977  - Fatih Tekke, Turkish footballer and manager
• 1978  - Kurt Ainsworth, American baseball player and businessman, co-founded Marucci Sports
• 1978  - Shane Battier, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1979  - Wayne Carlisle, Northern Irish footballer and coach
• 1979  - Nikki DeLoach, American actress and singer
• 1980  - Todd Coffey, American baseball player
• 1980  - Václav Drobný, Czech footballer (d. 2012)
• 1980  - David Fa'alogo, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1980  - Michelle Williams, American actress
• 1981  - Julie Gonzalo, Argentine-American actress
• 1982  - John Kuhn, American football player
• 1982  - Graham Onions, English cricketer
• 1982  - Ai Otsuka, Japanese singer-songwriter, pianist, and actress
• 1982  - Eugênio Rômulo Togni, Brazilian footballer
• 1983  - Vitolo, Spanish footballer
• 1983  - Kyle Davies, American baseball player
• 1983  - Edwin Jackson, American baseball player
• 1983  - Cleveland Taylor, English footballer
• 1984  - Jaouad Akaddar, Moroccan footballer (d. 2012)
• 1984  - Brad Guzan, American soccer player
• 1984  - James Hildreth, English cricketer
• 1984  - Michalis Sifakis, Greek footballer
• 1985  - Lior Eliyahu, Israeli basketball player^[112]
• 1985  - Martin Johnson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1985  - Luka Modrić, Croatian footballer
• 1985  - J. R. Smith, American basketball player
• 1986  - Michael Bowden, American baseball player
• 1986  - Chamu Chibhabha, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1986  - Timothy Granaderos, American actor and model
• 1986  - Luc Mbah a Moute, Cameroonian basketball player
• 1986  - Keith Yandle, American hockey player
• 1987  - Markus Jürgenson, Estonian footballer
• 1987  - Alexis Palisson, French rugby player
• 1987  - Andrea Petkovic, German tennis player
• 1987  - Afrojack, Dutch-Surinamese DJ, record producer, and remixer^[113]
• 1987  - Ahmed Elmohamady, Egyptian footballer^[114]
• 1987  - Nicole Aniston, American actress and model^[115]
• 1988  - Danilo D'Ambrosio, Italian footballer
• 1988  - Will Middlebrooks, American baseball player
• 1989  - Alfonzo Dennard, American football player
• 1989  - Casey Hayward, American football player
• 1990  - Billy Hamilton, American baseball player^[116]
• 1990  - Shaun Johnson, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1990  - Haley Reinhart, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1990  - Andrew Smith, American basketball player (d. 2016)
• 1990  - Jordan Tabor, English footballer (d. 2014)
• 1991  - Kelsey Asbille, American actress
• 1991  - Lauren Daigle, American contemporary Christian music singer and songwriter^{[117] [118]}
• 1991  - Hunter Hayes, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1991  - Oscar, Brazilian footballer
• 1991  - Danilo Pereira, Bissauan-Portuguese footballer
• 1992  - Shannon Boyd, Australian rugby league player
• 1992  - Damian McGinty, Northern Irish actor and singer
• 1992  - Kristiāns Pelšs, Latvian ice hockey player (d. 2013)
• 1993  - Cameron Cullen, Australian rugby league player
• 1993  - Crazy Mary Dobson, American wrestler
• 1993  - Ryōhei Katō, Japanese gymnast
• 1993  - Sharon van Rouwendaal, Dutch swimmer
• 1994  - Clinton Gutherson, Australian rugby league player
• 1996  - Gabby Williams, American-French basketball player^[119]
• 1997  - Billy Bainbridge, Australian rugby league player
• 1998  - Jordan Nwora, Nigerian-American basketball player^[120]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 906  - Adalbert von Babenberg, Frankish nobleman
• 1000  - Olaf I, king of Norway
• 1031  - Kang Kam-ch'an, Korean general (b. 948)
• 1087  - William the Conqueror, English king (b. c.1028)^[121]
• 1191  - Conrad II, duke of Bohemia
• 1271  - Yaroslav of Tver, Russian Grand Prince (b. 1230)
• 1282  - Ingrid of Skänninge, Swedish abbess and saint
• 1285  - Kunigunda of Halych, queen regent of Bohemia (b. 1245)
• 1398  - James I, king of Cyprus (b. 1334)
• 1435  - Robert Harling, English knight
• 1438  - Edward, king of Portugal (b. 1391)
• 1487  - Chenghua, emperor of China (b. 1447)
• 1488  - Francis II, duke of Brittany (b. 1433)
• 1513  - James IV, king of Scotland (b. 1473)^[122]
• 1513  - George Douglas, Scottish nobleman (b. 1469)
• 1513  - William Douglas of Glenbervie, Scottish nobleman (b. 1473)
• 1513  - William Graham, 1st Earl of Montrose, Scottish politician (b. 1464)
• 1513  - George Hepburn, Scottish bishop
• 1513  - Adam Hepburn, 2nd Earl of Bothwell, Scottish politician, Lord High Admiral of Scotland
• 1513  - Adam Hepburn of Craggis, Scottish nobleman
• 1513  - David Kennedy, 1st Earl of Cassilis, Scottish soldier (b. 1478)
• 1513  - Alexander Lauder of Blyth, Scottish politician
• 1513  - Alexander Stewart, Scottish archbishop (b. 1493)
• 1513  - Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox, Scottish politician (b. 1488)
• 1569  - Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Dutch painter (b. 1525)^[123]
• 1583  - Humphrey Gilbert, English explorer and politician (b. 1539)
• 1596  - Anna Jagiellon, Polish queen (b. 1523)

1601–1900

• 1603  - George Carey, 2nd Baron Hunsdon, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire (b. 1547)
• 1611  - Eleanor de' Medici, Italian noblewoman (b. 1567)
• 1612  - Nakagawa Hidenari, Japanese daimyō (b. 1570)
• 1676  - Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, French soldier, founded Montreal (b. 1612)
• 1680  - Henry Marten, English lawyer and politician (b. 1602)
• 1703  - Charles de Saint-Évremond, French-English soldier, author, and critic (b. 1610)^[124]
• 1755  - Johann Lorenz von Mosheim, German historian and author (b. 1694)
• 1806  - William Paterson, Irish-American judge and politician, 2nd Governor of New Jersey (b. 1745)
• 1815  - John Singleton Copley, American-English colonial and painter (b. 1738)
• 1834  - James Weddell, Belgian-English sailor and navigator (b. 1787)
• 1841  - Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, Swiss botanist, mycologist, and academic (b. 1778)
• 1891  - Jules Grévy, French politician, 4th President of the French Republic (b. 1813)
• 1893  - Friedrich Traugott Kützing, German pharmacist, botanist and phycologist (b. 1807)
• 1898  - Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet and critic (b. 1842)

1901–present

• 1901  - Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, French painter and illustrator (b. 1864)^[125]
• 1907  - Ernest Wilberforce, English bishop (b. 1840)
• 1909  - E. H. Harriman, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1848)
• 1910  - Lloyd Wheaton Bowers, American lawyer and politician, United States Solicitor General (b. 1859)
• 1915  - Albert Spalding, American baseball player, manager, and businessman, co-founded Spalding (b. 1850)
• 1923  - Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca, Brazilian president (b. 1855).^[126]
• 1934  - Roger Fry, English painter and critic (b. 1866)
• 1941  - Hans Spemann, German embryologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869)
• 1942  - Adele Kurzweil, Austrian Holocaust victim (b. 1925)
• 1943  - Carlo Bergamini, Italian admiral (b. 1888)
• 1943  - Charles McLean Andrews, American historian, author, and academic (b. 1863)
• 1945  - Max Ehrmann, American poet and lawyer (b. 1872)
• 1950  - Victor Hémery, French racing driver (b. 1876)
• 1955  - Carl Friedberg, German pianist and educator (b. 1872)
• 1958  - Charlie Macartney, Australian cricketer and soldier (b. 1886)
• 1959  - Ramón Fonst, Cuban fencer (b. 1883)^[127]
• 1960  - Jussi Björling, Swedish tenor (b. 1911)^[128]
• 1963  - Edwin Linkomies, Finnish academic, professor and the Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1894)^[129]
• 1969  - Willy Mairesse, Belgian racing driver (b. 1928)
• 1975  - Johannes Brenner, Estonian footballer (b. 1906)
• 1975  - John McGiver, American actor (b. 1913)
• 1976  - Mao Zedong, Chinese philosopher, academic, and politician, 1st Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (b. 1893)
• 1978  - Hugh MacDiarmid, Scottish linguist, poet, and author (b. 1892)
• 1978  - Jack L. Warner, Canadian-American production manager and producer, co-founded Warner Bros. (b. 1892)
• 1979  - Norrie Paramor, English composer, conductor, and producer (b. 1914)
• 1980  - John Howard Griffin, American journalist and author (b. 1920)
• 1981  - Robert Askin, Australian sergeant and politician, 32nd Premier of New South Wales (b. 1907)
• 1981  - Jacques Lacan, French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist (b. 1901)
• 1984  - Yılmaz Güney, Palme d'Or award-winning Kurdish film director, scenarist, actor, novelist and activist (b. 1937)^[130]
• 1985  - Neil Davis, Australian photographer and journalist (b. 1934)
• 1985  - Paul Flory, American chemist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
• 1985  - Antonino Votto, Italian conductor (b. 1896)
• 1986  - Magda Tagliaferro, Brazilian pianist and educator (b. 1893)
• 1990  - Nicola Abbagnano, Italian philosopher and academic (b. 1901)
• 1990  - Samuel Doe, Liberian field marshal and politician, 21st President of Liberia (b. 1951)
• 1990  - Alexander Men, Russian priest and scholar (b. 1930)
• 1993  - Larry Noble, English comedian and actor (b. 1914)
• 1993  - Helen O'Connell, American singer (b. 1920)
• 1994  - Patrick O'Neal, American actor (b. 1927)
• 1996  - Bill Monroe, American singer-songwriter (b. 1911)
• 1997  - Richie Ashburn, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1927)
• 1997  - John Hackett, Australian-English general and author (b. 1910)
• 1997  - Burgess Meredith, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1907)
• 1998  - Lucio Battisti, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1943)
• 1998  - Bill Cratty, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1951)
• 1999  - Arie de Vroet, Dutch footballer and manager (b. 1918)
• 1999  - Catfish Hunter, American baseball player (b. 1946)
• 1999  - Ruth Roman, American actress (b. 1922)
• 2000  - Julian Critchley, English lawyer and politician (b. 1930)
• 2001  - Ahmad Shah Massoud, Afghan commander and politician, Afghan Minister of Defense (b. 1953)
• 2003  - Edward Teller, Hungarian-American physicist and academic (b. 1908)
• 2003  - Don Willesee, Australian telegraphist and politician, 29th Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs (b. 1916)
• 2004  - Ernie Ball, American guitarist and businessman (b. 1930)
• 2004  - Caitlin Clarke, American actress (b. 1952)
• 2006  - Gérard Brach, French director and screenwriter (b. 1927)
• 2006  - Richard Burmer, American composer and engineer (b. 1955)
• 2006  - Matt Gadsby, English footballer (b. 1979)
• 2006  - William Bernard Ziff Jr., American businessman, founded Ziff Davis (b. 1930)
• 2012  - Verghese Kurien, Indian engineer and businessman, founded Amul (b. 1921)
• 2012  - John McCarthy, Australian footballer (b. 1989)
• 2012  - Mike Scarry, American football player and coach (b. 1920)
• 2012  - Ron Tindall, English footballer and manager (b. 1935)
• 2013  - Sunila Abeysekera, Sri Lankan scholar and activist (b. 1952)
• 2013  - Alberto Bevilacqua, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1934)
• 2013  - Saul Landau, American journalist, director, and author (b. 1936)
• 2014  - Montserrat Abelló i Soler, Spanish poet and translator (b. 1918)
• 2014  - Firoza Begum, Bangladeshi singer (b. 1930)
• 2014  - Graham Joyce, English author and educator (b. 1954)^[131]
• 2015  - Annemarie Bostroem, German poet, playwright, and songwriter (b. 1922)
• 2015  - Einar H. Ingman Jr., American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1929)
• 2015  - K. Kunaratnam, Sri Lankan physicist and academic (b. 1934)

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Charles Lowder (Church of England)
  • Ciarán of Clonmacnoise
  • Constance, Nun, and her Companions (Episcopal Church)
  • Our Lady of Arantzazu (Oñati)
  • Peter Claver
  • Synaxis of Ss. Joachim and Anna, an Afterfeast. (Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches)
  • September 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Armored Forces Day (Ukraine)
• California Admission Day (California, United States)
• Children's Day (Costa Rica)
• Chrysanthemum Day or Kiku no Sekku (Japan)
• Day of the Victims of Holocaust and of Racial Violence (Slovakia)
• Emergency Services Day (United Kingdom)
• Independence Day or Republic Day, celebrates the proclamation of Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) in 1948.
• Independence Day (Tajikistan), celebrates the independence of Tajikistan from USSR in 1991.
• Martyrs' Day (Afghanistan) (date may fall on September 8, follows a non-Gregorian calendar, see List of observances set by the Solar Hijri calendar)
• Remembrance for Herman the Cheruscan (The Troth)

External links

• Web site: On This Day . BBC.
  • Web site: Historical Events on September 9 . OnThisDay.com.

Notes and References

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3. Book: Andersson, Theodore M. . The Saga of Olaf Tryggvason . Cornell University Press . 2003 . 978-1-5017-1790-1 . Notes to the Text . 10.7591/9781501717901.
4. Book: Legrand, Jacques. Chronicle of the World. Ecam Publication. 1989. 18. 0-13-133463-8.
5. Book: Daniel, Clifton. Chronicle of America. Chronicle publication. 1989. 19. 0-13-133745-9.
6. Book: Grun, Bernard. The Timetables of History. 3rd. New York. Simon & Schuster. 1991. 0-671-74919-6. registration.
7. Book: Palmer, Alan. Palmer . Veronica. 1992. The Chronology of British History. Century Ltd. London. 267–268. 0-7126-5616-2.
8. Web site: Phytophthora infestans. BBC. A Short History of Ireland. 2012-08-05. 2012-11-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20121113025628/http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/ashorthistory/archive/intro182.shtml. dead.
9. Web site: Ranter . Harro . ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31 N988VJ Fairland, IN . 2022-08-30 . aviation-safety.net.
10. Web site: Столкновение над Черным морем Як-40 и Ан-24РВ . Collision over the Black Sea Yak-40 and An-24RV . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20130122072059/http://airdisaster.ru/database.php?id=64 . 2013-01-22 . 2017-12-15 . www.airdisaster.ru . ru.
11. Web site: Ranter . Harro . ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu-134A VN-A102 Bangkok-Don Muang International Airport (BKK) . 2019-01-06 . aviation-safety.net.
12. Web site: Warnock. Lynda. STS-64. 2021-08-15 . NASA.
13. Web site: September 9, 2006 . STS-115 MCC Status Report #01 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20061013150452/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/news/sts115/STS-115-01.html . October 13, 2006 . September 11, 2006 . NASA.
14. Book: Watson, Alaric. Aurelian and the Third Century. Routledge. 2004. 978-0-415-30187-9. 1. en.
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58. Web site: Balakrishnan. Vijay Shankar. October 2, 2018. Celebrated Brazilian Bee Scientist Warwick Kerr Dies. 2021-08-30. The Scientist. en.
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60. News: Keepnews. Peter. Severo. Richard. 2011-09-11. Cliff Robertson, Oscar-Winning Rebel, Dies at 88. en-US. The New York Times. 2021-08-30. 0362-4331.
61. Web site: Oliver. Myrna. August 28, 2001. Jane Greer. 2021-08-30. Los Angeles Times. en.
62. News: Smith. Harrison. 2019-06-13. Sylvia Miles, flamboyant scene-stealer with two Oscar nominations, dies at 94. en-US. Washington Post. 2021-07-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20190616020119/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/sylvia-miles-flamboyant-scene-stealer-with-two-oscar-nominations-dies-at-94/2019/06/13/6060797a-8de6-11e9-adf3-f70f78c156e8_story.html. 2019-06-16. 0190-8286.
63. Web site: President Russell M. Nelson biography. 2021-08-30. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. en.
64. Web site: Fotheringham. William. 2003-05-24. Obituary: Henri Van Steenbergen. 2021-08-30. The Guardian. en.
65. Book: Polka, Sagi. Shaykh Yusuf al-Qaradawi: Spiritual Mentor of Wasati Salafism. Syracuse University Press. 2019. 9780815654803. 2.
66. Web site: Elvin Jones Biography. 2021-08-30. AllMusic. en.
67. Web site: 2018-11-29. Bishop Moses B Anderson SSE has died. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20181129134856/http://www.aod.org/our-archdiocese/newsroom/news-releases/2013/january/bishop-moses-b-anderson-sse-has-died/. November 29, 2018. 2021-08-30. Archdiocese of Detroit.
68. Web site: McNay. Michael. 2007-04-11. Obituary: Sol LeWitt. 2021-08-30. The Guardian. en.
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70. Web site: Carroll House: History. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20171018205839/http://web.mdccww.catholic.edu.au/content/carroll-house. 18 October 2017. Mater Dei Catholic College. 3 January 2012.
71. Web site: Oliver. Greg. 2010-01-19. Ida Mae Martinez was wrestler, yodeler, nurse. 2021-08-30. Slam Wrestling. en-US.
72. Web site: June 28, 2011. Margaret Tyzack. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/film-obituaries/8604198/Margaret-Tyzack.html . 2022-01-12 . subscription. live. 2021-08-30. The Telegraph.
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