May 9 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 328  - Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria.^[1]
• 1009  - Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
• 1386  - England and Portugal formally ratify their alliance with the signing of the Treaty of Windsor, making it the oldest diplomatic alliance in the world which is still in force.
• 1450  - Timurid monarch 'Abd al-Latif is assassinated.
• 1540  - Hernando de Alarcón sets sail on an expedition to the Gulf of California.

1601–1900

• 1662  - The figure who later became Mr. Punch makes his first recorded appearance in England.^[2]
• 1671  - Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal England's Crown Jewels from the Tower of London.
• 1726  - Five men arrested during a raid on Mother Clap's molly house in London are executed at Tyburn.
• 1864  - Second Schleswig War: The Danish navy defeats the Austrian and Prussian fleets in the Battle of Heligoland.
• 1865  - American Civil War: Nathan Bedford Forrest surrenders his forces at Gainesville, Alabama.
• 1865  - American Civil War: President Andrew Johnson issues a proclamation ending belligerent rights of the rebels and enjoining foreign nations to intern or expel Confederate ships.
• 1873  - Der Krach: The Vienna stock exchange crash heralds the Long Depression.^[3]
• 1877  - Mihail Kogălniceanu reads, in the Chamber of Deputies, the Declaration of Independence of Romania. The date will become recognised as the Independence Day of Romania.

1901–present

• 1901  - Australia opens its first national parliament in Melbourne.
• 1915  - World War I: Second Battle of Artois between German and French forces.
• 1918  - World War I: Germany repels Britain's second attempt to blockade the port of Ostend, Belgium.
• 1920  - Polish–Soviet War: The Polish army under General Edward Rydz-Śmigły celebrates its capture of Kiev with a victory parade on Khreshchatyk.
• 1926  - Admiral Richard E. Byrd and Floyd Bennett claim to have flown over the North Pole (later discovery of Byrd's diary appears to cast some doubt on the claim.)
• 1927  - The Old Parliament House, Canberra, Australia, officially opens.^[4]
• 1936  - Italy formally annexes Ethiopia after taking the capital Addis Ababa on May 5.
• 1941  - World War II: The German submarine U-110 is captured by the Royal Navy. On board is the latest Enigma machine which Allied cryptographers later use to break coded German messages.
• 1942  - The Holocaust in Ukraine: The SS executes 588 Jewish residents of the Podolian town of Zinkiv (Khmelnytska oblast. The Zoludek Ghetto (in Belarus) is destroyed and all its inhabitants executed or deported.
• 1946  - King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy abdicates and is succeeded by Umberto II.
• 1948  - Czechoslovakia's Ninth-of-May Constitution comes into effect.
• 1950  - Robert Schuman presents the "Schuman Declaration", considered by some to be the beginning of the creation of what is now the European Union.
• 1955  - Cold War: West Germany joins NATO.
• 1960  - The Food and Drug Administration announces it will approve birth control as an additional indication for Searle's Enovid, making Enovid the world's first approved oral contraceptive pill.
• 1969  - Carlos Lamarca leads the first urban guerrilla action against the military dictatorship of Brazil in São Paulo, by robbing two banks.
• 1974  - Watergate scandal: The United States House Committee on the Judiciary opens formal and public impeachment hearings against President Richard Nixon.
• 1979  - Iranian Jewish businessman Habib Elghanian is executed by firing squad in Tehran, prompting the mass exodus of the once 100,000-strong Jewish community of Iran.
• 1980  - In Florida, United States, Liberian freighter collides with the Sunshine Skyway Bridge over Tampa Bay, making a 1400feet section of the southbound span collapse. Thirty-five people in six cars and a Greyhound bus fall 150feet into the water and die.
• 1980  - In Norco, California, United States, five masked gunmen hold up a Security Pacific bank, leading to a violent shoot-out and one of the largest pursuits in California history. Two of the gunmen and one police officer are killed and thirty-three police and civilian vehicles are destroyed in the chase.
• 1987  - LOT Flight 5055 Tadeusz Kościuszko crashes after takeoff in Warsaw, Poland, killing all 183 people on board.
• 1988  - New Parliament House, Canberra officially opens.^[4]
• 1992  - Armenian forces capture Shusha, marking a major turning point in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.
• 1992  - Westray Mine disaster kills 26 workers in Nova Scotia, Canada.
• 2001  - In Ghana, 129 football fans die in what became known as the Accra Sports Stadium disaster. The deaths are caused by a stampede (caused by the firing of tear gas by police personnel at the stadium) that followed a controversial decision by the referee.
• 2002  - The 38-day stand-off in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem comes to an end when the Palestinians inside agree to have 13 suspected terrorists among them deported to several different countries.^[5]
• 2018  - The historic defeat for Barisan Nasional, the governing coalition of Malaysia since the country's independence in 1957 in 2018 Malaysian general election.
• 2020  - The COVID-19 recession causes the U.S. unemployment rate to hit 14.9 percent, its worst rate since the Great Depression.^[6]
• 2022  - Russo-Ukrainian War: United States President Joe Biden signs the 2022 Lend-Lease Act into law, a rebooted World War II-era policy expediting American equipment to Ukraine and other Eastern European countries.^[7]
• 2023  - The May 9 riots following the arrest of Imran Khan in Pakistan.^[8]

Births

Pre-1600

• 1147  - Minamoto no Yoritomo, Japanese shōgun (d. 1199)
• 1151  - al-Adid, last Fatimid caliph (d. 1171)
• 1540  - Maharana Pratap, Indian ruler (d. 1597)^[9]
• 1555  - Jerónima de la Asunción, Spanish Catholic nun and founder of the first monastery in Manila (d. 1630)^[10]
• 1594  - Louis Henry, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg, military leader in the Thirty Years' War (d. 1662)

1601–1900

• 1617  - Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege (d. 1655)
• 1740  - Giovanni Paisiello, Italian composer and educator (probable;^[11] d. 1816)
• 1746  - Gaspard Monge, French mathematician and engineer (d. 1818)^[12]
• 1763  - János Batsányi, Hungarian-Austrian poet and author (d. 1845)
• 1800  - John Brown, American activist (d. 1859)^[13]
• 1801  - Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood, English politician, founded the town of Fleetwood (d. 1866)
• 1814  - John Brougham, Irish-American actor and playwright (d. 1880)^[14]
• 1823  - Frederick Weld, English-New Zealand politician, 6th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1891)
• 1824  - Jacob ben Moses Bachrach, Polish apologist and author (d. 1896)
• 1825  - James Collinson, Victorian painter (d. 1881)
• 1836  - Ferdinand Monoyer, French ophthalmologist, invented the Monoyer chart (d. 1912)
• 1837  - Adam Opel, German engineer, founded the Opel Company (d. 1895)
• 1845  - Gustaf de Laval, Swedish engineer and businessman (d. 1913)
• 1850  - Edward Weston, English-American chemist (d. 1936)
• 1855  - Julius Röntgen, German-Dutch composer (d. 1932)
• 1860  - J. M. Barrie, Scottish novelist and playwright (d. 1937)
• 1866  - Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Indian economist and politician (d. 1915)
• 1870  - Harry Vardon, British golfer (d. 1937)
• 1873  - Anton Cermak, Czech-American captain and politician, 44th Mayor of Chicago (d. 1933)
• 1874  - Howard Carter, English archaeologist and historian (d. 1939)
• 1882  - George Barker, American painter (d. 1965)
• 1882  - Henry J. Kaiser, American shipbuilder and businessman, founded Kaiser Shipyards (d. 1967)
• 1883  - José Ortega y Gasset, Spanish philosopher, author, and critic (d. 1955)
• 1884  - Valdemar Psilander, Danish actor (d. 1917)
• 1885  - Gianni Vella, Maltese artist (d. 1977)^[15]
• 1888  - Francesco Baracca, Italian fighter pilot (d. 1918)
• 1888  - Rolf de Maré, Swedish art collector (d. 1964)
• 1892  - Zita of Bourbon-Parma, last Empress of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (d. 1989)
• 1893  - William Moulton Marston, American psychologist and author (d. 1947)
• 1894  - Benjamin Graham, British-American economist, professor, and investor (d. 1976)^[16]
• 1895  - Richard Barthelmess, American actor (d. 1963)
• 1895  - Lucian Blaga, Romanian poet, playwright, and philosopher (d. 1961)
• 1895  - Frank Foss, American pole vaulter (d. 1989)
• 1896  - Richard Day, Canadian-American art director and set decorator (d. 1972)
• 1900  - Maria Malicka, Polish stage and film actress (d. 1992)^[17]

1901–present

• 1907  - Jackie Grant, Trinidadian cricketer (d. 1978)
• 1907  - Baldur von Schirach, German politician (d. 1974)
• 1908  - Billy Jurges, American baseball player and manager (d. 1997)^[18]
• 1909  - Gordon Bunshaft, American architect, designed the Solow Building (d. 1990)^[19]
• 1912  - Pedro Armendáriz, Mexican-American actor (d. 1963)
• 1914  - Carlo Maria Giulini, Italian conductor and director (d. 2005)
• 1914  - J. Merrill Knapp, American musicologist (d. 1993)^[20]
• 1914  - Hank Snow, American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1999)
• 1918  - Mike Wallace, American journalist (d. 2012)
• 1921  - Daniel Berrigan, American priest, poet, and activist (d. 2016)
• 1921  - Sophie Scholl, German activist (d. 1943)
• 1924  - Bulat Okudzhava, Russian singer, poet, and author (d. 1997)
• 1927  - Manfred Eigen, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019)
• 1928  - Pancho Gonzales, American tennis player (d. 1995)
• 1928  - Barbara Ann Scott, Canadian figure skater (d. 2012)
• 1930  - Joan Sims, English actress (d. 2001)
• 1931  - Vance D. Brand, American pilot, engineer, and astronaut
• 1932  - Geraldine McEwan, English actress (d. 2015)^[21]
• 1934  - Alan Bennett, English screenwriter, playwright, and novelist
• 1935  - Nokie Edwards, American guitarist (d. 2018)
• 1936  - Albert Finney, English actor (d. 2019)
• 1936  - Glenda Jackson, English actress and politician (d. 2023)
• 1937  - Dave Prater, American singer (d. 1988)
• 1938  - Carroll Cole, American serial killer (d. 1985)^[22]
• 1938  - Charles Simić, Serbian-American poet and editor (d. 2023)
• 1939  - Ion Țiriac, Romanian tennis player and manager
• 1940  - James L. Brooks, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1941  - Dorothy Hyman, English sprinter
• 1942  - John Ashcroft, American lawyer and politician, 79th United States Attorney General
• 1943  - Vince Cable, English economist and politician, former Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills
• 1943  - Colin Pillinger, English astronomer, chemist, and academic (d. 2014)
• 1945  - Jupp Heynckes, German footballer and manager
• 1946  - Candice Bergen, American actress and producer
• 1947  - Yukiya Amano, Japanese diplomat (d. 2019)
• 1948  - Calvin Murphy, American basketball player and radio host
• 1949  - Billy Joel, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1951  - Alley Mills, American actress
• 1951  - Joy Harjo, American poet, musician, playwright and author, 23rd United States Poet Laureate^[23]
• 1955  - Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (d. 2012)
• 1955  - Anne Sofie von Otter, Swedish soprano and actress
• 1956  - Wendy Crewson, Canadian actress and producer
• 1960  - Tony Gwynn, American baseball player and coach (d. 2014)
• 1961  - John Corbett, American actor^[24]
• 1962  - Dave Gahan, English singer-songwriter
• 1962  - Paul Heaton, English singer-songwriter
• 1965  - Steve Yzerman, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
• 1968  - Graham Harman, American philosopher and academic
• 1968  - Ruth Kelly, British economist and politician, Secretary of State for Transport
• 1968  - Marie-José Pérec, French sprinter^[25]
• 1970  - Doug Christie, American basketball player and coach
• 1970  - Hao Haidong, Chinese footballer^[26]
• 1970  - Ghostface Killah, American rapper and actor
• 1973  - Tegla Loroupe, Kenyan runner
• 1975  - Tamia, Canadian singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
• 1975  - Brian Deegan, American motocross rider
• 1977  - Averno, Mexican wrestler
• 1977  - Marek Jankulovski, Czech footballer
• 1977  - Svein Tuft, Canadian cyclist
• 1979  - Rosario Dawson, American actress
• 1979  - Brandon Webb, American baseball player^[27]
• 1980  - Grant Hackett, Australian swimmer
• 1983  - Gilles Müller, Luxembourgian tennis player
• 1984  - Prince Fielder, American baseball player
• 1985  - Jake Long, American football player
• 1987  - Kevin Gameiro, French footballer
• 1988  - J. R. Fitzpatrick, Canadian racing driver
• 1989  - Ellen White, English footballer
• 1989  - Daniel Rosenfeld, German musician^[28]
• 1991  - Majlinda Kelmendi, Kosovar judoka
• 1992  - Dan Burn, English footballer^[29]
• 1995  - Tommy Edman, American baseball player^[30]
• 1995  - Beth Mead, English footballer^[31]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 480  - Julius Nepos, Western Roman Emperor^[32]
• 729  - Osric, king of Northumbria
• 893  - Shi Pu, warlord of the Tang Dynasty
• 909  - Adalgar, archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen
• 934  - Wang Sitong, Chinese general and governor (b. 892)
• 1280  - Magnus VI of Norway
• 1315  - Hugh V, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1282)
• 1329  - John Drokensford, Bishop of Bath and Wells
• 1443  - Niccolò Albergati, Italian Cardinal and diplomat (b. 1373)
• 1446  - Mary of Enghien (b. 1368)
• 1590  - Charles de Bourbon French cardinal and pretender to the throne (b. 1523)

1601–1900

• 1657  - William Bradford, English-American politician, 2nd Governor of Plymouth Colony (b. 1590)
• 1707  - Dieterich Buxtehude, German-Danish organist and composer (b. 1637)
• 1736  - Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real, Portuguese judge and politician (b. 1658)
• 1745  - Tomaso Antonio Vitali, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1663)
• 1747  - John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of Stair, Scottish field marshal and diplomat, British Ambassador to France (b. 1673)
• 1760  - Nicolaus Zinzendorf, German bishop and saint (b. 1700)
• 1789  - Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval, French general and engineer (b. 1715)
• 1790  - William Clingan, American politician (b. 1721)
• 1791  - Francis Hopkinson, American judge and politician (b. 1737)
• 1805  - Friedrich Schiller, German poet, playwright, and historian (b. 1759)
• 1850  - Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist and physicist (b. 1778)
• 1850  - Garlieb Merkel, Estonian author and activist (b. 1769)
• 1861  - Ernst von Lasaulx, German philologist and politician (b. 1805)
• 1864  - John Sedgwick, American general and educator (b. 1813)
• 1889  - William S. Harney, American general (b. 1800)

1901–present

• 1906  - Oscar von Gebhardt, German theologian and academic (b. 1844)
• 1911  - Thomas Wentworth Higginson, American abolitionist (b. 1823)^[33]
• 1914  - C. W. Post, American businessman, founded Post Foods (b. 1854)
• 1915  - François Faber, Luxembourgian-French cyclist and soldier (b. 1887)
• 1915  - Anthony Wilding, New Zealand tennis player and cricketer (b. 1883)
• 1918  - George Coșbuc, Romanian journalist and poet (b. 1866)
• 1931  - Albert Abraham Michelson, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
• 1933  - John Arthur Jarvis, English swimmer (b. 1872)
• 1935  - Ernst Bresslau, German zoologist (b. 1877)
• 1938  - Thomas B. Thrige, Danish businessman (b. 1866)
• 1942  - Józef Cebula, Polish priest and saint (b. 1902)
• 1944  - Han Yong-un, Korean poet and social reformer (b. 1879)
• 1949  - Louis II, Prince of Monaco (b. 1870)
• 1950  - Esteban Terradas i Illa, Spanish mathematician and engineer (b. 1883)
• 1957  - Ernest de Silva, Sri Lankan banker and businessman (b. 1887)
• 1957  - Ezio Pinza, Italian actor and singer (b. 1892)
• 1959  - Bhaurao Patil, Indian activist and educator (b. 1887)
• 1965  - Leopold Figl, Austrian engineer and politician, 18th Chancellor of Austria (b. 1902)
• 1968  - Mercedes de Acosta, American author, poet, and playwright (b. 1893)
• 1968  - Harold Gray, American cartoonist, created Little Orphan Annie (b. 1894)
• 1968  - Marion Lorne, American actress (b. 1883)
• 1968  - Finlay Currie, British actor (b. 1878)^[34]
• 1970  - Walter Reuther, American union leader (b. 1907)
• 1976  - Jens Bjørneboe, Norwegian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1920)
• 1976  - Ulrike Meinhof, German militant, co-founded the Red Army Faction (b. 1934)
• 1977  - James Jones, American novelist (b. 1921)
• 1978  - Giuseppe Impastato, Italian journalist and activist (b. 1948)
• 1978  - Aldo Moro, Italian lawyer and politician, 38th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1916)
• 1979  - Cyrus S. Eaton, Canadian-American banker, businessman, and philanthropist (b. 1883)
• 1979  - Eddie Jefferson, American singer and lyricist (b. 1918)
• 1980  - Kate Molale, South African activist (b. 1928)
• 1981  - Nelson Algren, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1909)
• 1981  - Rolf Just Nilsen, Norwegian singer and actor (b. 1931)^[35]
• 1983  - Henry Bachtold, Australian soldier and railway engineer (b. 1891)
• 1985  - Edmond O'Brien, American actor and director (b. 1915)
• 1986  - Tenzing Norgay, Nepalese mountaineer (b. 1914)
• 1987  - Obafemi Awolowo, Nigerian lawyer and politician (b. 1909)
• 1989  - Keith Whitley, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1954)^[36]
• 1993  - Penelope Gilliatt, English novelist, short story writer, and critic (b. 1932)
• 1994  - Elias Motsoaledi, South African activist (b. 1924)
• 1997  - Rawya Ateya, Egyptian captain and politician (b. 1926)
• 1997  - Marco Ferreri, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1928)
• 1998  - Alice Faye, American actress and singer (b. 1915)
• 1998  - Talat Mahmood, Indian singer and actor (b. 1924)
• 2003  - Russell B. Long, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician (b. 1918)
• 2004  - Akhmad Kadyrov, Chechen cleric and politician, 1st President of the Chechen Republic (b. 1951)
• 2004  - Alan King, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1927)
• 2004  - Brenda Fassie, South African singer (b. 1964)
• 2007  - Dwight Wilson, Canadian soldier (b. 1901)
• 2008  - Jack Gibson, Australian rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1929)
• 2008  - Baptiste Manzini, American football player (b. 1920)
• 2008  - Nuala O'Faolain, Irish journalist and producer (b. 1942)
• 2008  - Pascal Sevran, French singer, television host, and author (b. 1945)
• 2009  - Chuck Daly, American basketball player and coach (b. 1930)
• 2010  - Lena Horne, American singer, actress, and activist (b. 1917)
• 2010  - Otakar Motejl, Czech lawyer and politician (b. 1932)
• 2011  - Wouter Weylandt, Belgian cyclist (b. 1984)
• 2012  - Bertram Cohler, American psychologist, psychoanalyst, and academic (b. 1938)
• 2012  - Geoffrey Henry, Cook Islander lawyer and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (b. 1940)
• 2012  - Vidal Sassoon, English-American hairdresser and businessman (b. 1928)
• 2013  - Ramón Blanco Rodríguez, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1952)
• 2013  - George M. Leader, American soldier and politician, 36th Governor of Pennsylvania (b. 1918)
• 2013  - Humberto Lugo Gil, Mexican lawyer and politician, 23rd Governor of Hidalgo (b. 1933)
• 2013  - Ottavio Missoni, Italian hurdler and fashion designer, founded Missoni (b. 1921)
• 2014  - Giacomo Bini, Italian priest and missionary (b. 1938)
• 2014  - Harlan Mathews, American lawyer and politician (b. 1927)
• 2014  - Nedurumalli Janardhana Reddy, Indian politician, 12th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (b. 1935)
• 2014  - Mary Stewart, British author and poet (b. 1916)^[37]
• 2015  - Edward W. Estlow, American football player and journalist (b. 1920)
• 2015  - Kenan Evren, Turkish general and politician, 7th President of Turkey (b. 1917)
• 2015  - Elizabeth Wilson, American actress (b. 1921)
• 2017  - Robert Miles, a Swiss-born Italian record producer, composer, musician and DJ (b. 1969)
• 2018  - Per Kirkeby, Danish painter, poet, film maker and sculptor (b. 1938)
• 2019  - Freddie Starr, English comedian, impressionist, singer and actor (b. 1943) ^[38]
• 2020  - Little Richard, American singer, songwriter, and pianist (b. 1932)
• 2022  - John Leo, American a writer and journalist (b. 1935)^[39]
• 2022  - Rieko Kodama, Japanese game developer (b. 1963)^[40]
• 2024  - Sean Burroughs, American baseball player (b. 1980)^[41]
• 2024  - Roger Corman, American film director, producer, and actor (b. 1926)^[42]
• 2024  - Rex Murphy, Canadian political commentator (b. 1947)^[43]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Beatus of Lungern
  • Beatus of Vendome
  • Christopher (Eastern Orthodox Church)
  • George Preca
  • Gerontius of Cervia
  • Gregory of Nazianzen (The Episcopal Church (US) and traditional Roman Catholic calendar)
  • Nicolaus Zinzendorf (Lutheran)
  • Pachomius the Great
  • Tudy of Landevennec
  • May 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Commemoration of the end of the German occupation of the Channel Islands related observances:
  • Liberation Day, commemorating the end of the German occupation of the Channel Islands during World War II. (Guernsey and Jersey)^[44]
  • National Day (Alderney)
• Europe Day, commemorating the Schuman Declaration. (European Union, Kosovo, Moldova, Ukraine)
• Victory Day observances, celebration of the Soviet Union victory over Nazi Germany (Soviet Union, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan)
  • Victory and Peace Day, marks the capture of Shusha (1992) in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, and the end of World War II. (Armenia)
• Goku Day (Japan), commemorating the fictional character Goku.^[45]
  

External links

• BBC: On This Day
  • Historical Events on May 9

Notes and References

1. Book: Phillips, Robert S.. New Encyklopedia. Funk&Wagnalls . 1971. 33. 0-8343-0051-6.
2. Book: Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 1967. Society. 315.
3. Book: Pieter M. Judson. Exclusive Revolutionaries: Liberal Politics, Social Experience, and National Identity in the Austrian Empire, 1848-1914. University of Michigan Press. 1996. 9780472107407. 166.
4. Web site: No. 2 - The Opening of Parliament . www.aph.gov.au . Parliament of Australia . 23 November 2019 . Canberra, Australia . en-AU . July 2019 . 18 March 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145113/https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/Senate_Briefs/Brief02 . live .
5. Web site: agencies. Staff and. 2002-05-07. Bethlehem standoff deal stalled. 2021-05-23. The Guardian. en.
6. Web site: CDC. 2022-01-05. CDC Museum COVID-19 Timeline. 2022-01-11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. en-us. 2023-05-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20230523041908/https://www.cdc.gov/museum/timeline/covid19.html. live.
7. Web site: Biden signs Ukraine bill, seeks $40B aid, in Putin rejoinder. Miller, Zeke. Lisa Mascaro. APNews.com. May 9, 2022. May 9, 2022. May 9, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220509202739/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-putin-biden-eastern-europe-congress-9e8d81200b45687795f2a084f3942574. live.
8. Web site: Staff . Al Jazeera . A year since Pakistan’s May 9 riots: A timeline of political upheaval . 2024-10-24 . Al Jazeera . en.
9. Book: Mohan B. Daryanani. Who's who on Indian stamps. 1999. Mohan B. Daryanani. 978-84-931101-0-9.
10. Book: Ruano, Pedro . Jerónima de la Asunción: Poor Clares' First Woman Missionary to the Philippines . Quezon City . Monasterio de Santa Clara . 1991 . 7.
11. Book: Jno Leland Hunt. Giovanni Paisiello, his life as an opera composer. 1975. National Opera Association.
12. Book: Sooyoung Chang. Academic Genealogy of Mathematicians. 2011. World Scientific. 978-981-4282-29-1. 90–.
13. Web site: John Brown Biography, Harpers Ferry, & Pottawatomie Massacre . 2022-04-06 . Britannica . en . April 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220407060948/https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Brown-American-abolitionist . live .
14. 10.1093/ref:odnb/3582. Brougham, John (1810–1880) . 23 September 2004 . Boase. G. C. . Wells. John. 22 May 2023.
15. Book: Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. 2 G–Z. Schiavone. Michael J.. 2009. Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza. 9789993291329. Pietà. 1594–1595.
16. News: Benjamin Graham, Securities Expert . . Cray . Douglas W. . September 23, 1976 . August 22, 2021 . August 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210821090934/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/09/23/archives/benjamin-graham-securities-expert-author-and-financier-dead-at-82.html . live .
17. News: Maria Malicka . FilmPolski . 2017-10-25 . pl . 2017-10-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171023011716/http://www.filmpolski.pl/fp/index.php?osoba=21849 . live .
18. Web site: Billy Jurges Stats . mlb.com . Major League Baseball . 9 May 2024 . 9 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240509054746/https://www.mlb.com/player/billy-jurges-116795 . live .
19. Web site: Gordon Bunshaft, Architect, Dies at 81. New York Times. August 1990. 2024-05-12. 2021-04-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20210410224227/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/08/obituaries/gordon-bunshaft-architect-dies-at-81.html. live.
20. Bush . Alfred L. . Morgan . Paula . Clark . Alexander P. . Joyce . William L. . Wainwright . Alexander D. . Friends of the Library . The Princeton University Library Chronicle . 1993 . 55 . 1 . 137–148 . 26509112 . 0032-8456 . 2024-06-03 . 2020-07-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719170149/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26509112 . live .
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