February 9 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 474  - Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.^[1]
• 1003  - Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland.
• 1098  - A First Crusade army led by Bohemond of Taranto wins a major battle against the Seljuq emir Ridwan of Aleppo during the siege of Antioch
• 1539  - The first recorded race is held on Chester Racecourse, known as the Roodee.
• 1555  - Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper is burned at the stake.^[2]

1601–1900

• 1621  - Gregory XV becomes Pope, the last Pope elected by acclamation.^[3]
• 1654  - The Capture of Fort Rocher takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War.^[4]
• 1775  - American Revolutionary War: The British Parliament declares Massachusetts in rebellion.^[5]
• 1778  - Rhode Island becomes the fourth US state to ratify the Articles of Confederation.^[6]
• 1822  - Haiti attacks the newly established Dominican Republic on the other side of the island of Hispaniola.^[7]
• 1825  - After no candidate receives a majority of electoral votes in the US presidential election of 1824, the United States House of Representatives elects John Quincy Adams as sixth President of the United States in a contingent election.
• 1849  - The new Roman Republic is declared.
• 1861  - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is elected the Provisional President of the Confederate States of America by the Provisional Confederate Congress at Montgomery, Alabama
• 1870  - US president Ulysses S. Grant signs a joint resolution of Congress establishing the U.S. Weather Bureau.
• 1889  - US president Grover Cleveland signs a bill elevating the United States Department of Agriculture to a Cabinet-level agency.
• 1893  - Verdi's last opera, Falstaff premieres at La Scala, Milan.^[8]
• 1895  - William G. Morgan creates a game called Mintonette, which soon comes to be referred to as volleyball.
• 1900  - The Davis Cup competition is established.

1901–present

• 1904  - Russo-Japanese War: Battle of Port Arthur concludes.
• 1907  - The Mud March is the first large procession organised by the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS).
• 1913  - A group of meteors is visible across much of the eastern seaboard of the Americas, leading astronomers to conclude the source had been a small, short-lived natural satellite of the Earth.
• 1920  - Under the terms of the Svalbard Treaty, international diplomacy recognizes Norwegian sovereignty over Arctic archipelago Svalbard, and designates it as demilitarized.
• 1922  - Brazil becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
• 1929  - Members of the Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng assassinate the labor recruiter Bazin, prompting a crackdown by French colonial authorities.^[9]
• 1932  - Prohibition law is abolished in Finland after a national referendum, where 70% voted for a repeal of the law.^{[10] [11]}
• 1934  - The Balkan Entente is formed between Greece, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Turkey.
• 1941  - World War II: Bombing of Genoa: The Cathedral of San Lorenzo in Genoa, Italy, is struck by a bomb which fails to detonate.
• 1942  - Year-round Daylight saving time (aka War Time) is reinstated in the United States as a wartime measure to help conserve energy resources.^[12]
• 1943  - World War II: Pacific War: Allied authorities declare Guadalcanal secure after Imperial Japan evacuates its remaining forces from the island, ending the Battle of Guadalcanal.
• 1945  - World War II: Battle of the Atlantic: sinks U-864 off the coast of Fedje, Norway, in a rare instance of submarine-to-submarine combat.
• 1945  - World War II: A force of Allied aircraft unsuccessfully attack a German destroyer in Førdefjorden, Norway.
• 1950  - Second Red Scare: US Senator Joseph McCarthy accuses the United States Department of State of being filled with Communists.
• 1951  - Korean War: The two-day Geochang massacre begins as a battalion of the 11th Division of the South Korean Army kills 719 unarmed citizens in Geochang, in the South Gyeongsang district of South Korea.
• 1959  - The R-7 Semyorka, the first intercontinental ballistic missile, becomes operational at Plesetsk, USSR.
• 1961  - The Beatles at The Cavern Club: Lunchtime  - The Beatles perform under this name at The Cavern Club for the first time following their return to Liverpool from Hamburg.^[13]
• 1964  - The Beatles make their first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, performing before a record-setting audience of 73 million viewers across the United States.
• 1965  - Vietnam War: The United States Marine Corps sends a MIM-23 Hawk missile battalion to South Vietnam, the first American troops in-country without an official advisory or training mission.
• 1971  - The 6.5–6.7 Sylmar earthquake hits the Greater Los Angeles Area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing 64 and injuring 2,000.
• 1971  - Satchel Paige becomes the first Negro league player to be voted into the USA's Baseball Hall of Fame.
• 1971  - Apollo program: Apollo 14 returns to Earth after the third human Moon landing.
• 1975  - The Soyuz 17 Soviet spacecraft returns to Earth.
• 1976  - Aeroflot Flight 3739, a Tupolev Tu-104, crashes during takeoff from Irkutsk Airport, killing 24.^[14]
• 1978  - The Budd Company unveils its first SPV-2000 self-propelled railcar in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
• 1982  - Japan Air Lines Flight 350 crashes near Haneda Airport in an attempted pilot mass murder-suicide, killing 24 of the 174 people on board.^[15]
• 1986  - Halley's Comet last appeared in the inner Solar System.
• 1991  - Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Voters in Lithuania vote for independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1996  - The Provisional Irish Republican Army declares the end to its 18-month ceasefire and explodes a large bomb in London's Canary Wharf, killing two people.
• 1996  - Copernicium is discovered by Sigurd Hofmann, Victor Ninov et al.^[16]
• 2001  - The Ehime Maru and USS Greeneville collision takes place, killing nine of the thirty-five people on board the Japanese fishery high-school training ship Ehime Maru, leaving the USS Greeneville (SSN-772) with US $2 million in repairs, at Pearl Harbor.^{[17] [18] [19] [20] [21]}
• 2016  - Two passenger trains collide in the German town of Bad Aibling in the state of Bavaria. Twelve people die and 85 others are injured.^[22]
• 2018  - Winter Olympics: Opening ceremony is performed in Pyeongchang County in South Korea.^[23]
• 2020  - Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele has the army soldiers enter the Legislative Assembly to assist in pushing for the approval for a better government security plan, causing a brief political crisis.^[24]
• 2021  - Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump begins.^[25]

Births

Pre-1600

• 1060  - Honorius II, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1130)
• 1274  - Louis of Toulouse, French bishop (d. 1297)
• 1313  - Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile, Portuguese infanta (d. 1357)
• 1344  - Meinhard III, count of Tyrol (d. 1363)
• 1441  - Ali-Shir Nava'i, Turkic poet, linguist, and painter (d. 1501)
• 1533  - Shimazu Yoshihisa, Japanese daimyō (d. 1611)
• 1579  - Johannes Meursius, Dutch classical scholar (d. 1639)^[26]

1601–1900

• 1651  - Procopio Cutò, French entrepreneur (d. 1727)
• 1666  - George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, Scottish field marshal (d. 1737)
• 1711  - Luis Vicente de Velasco e Isla, Spanish sailor and commander (d. 1762)
• 1737  - Thomas Paine, English-American philosopher, author, and activist (d. 1809)^[27]
• 1741  - Henri-Joseph Rigel, German-French composer (d. 1799)
• 1748  - Sir John Duckworth, 1st Baronet, English admiral and politician, Commodore Governor of Newfoundland (d. 1817)
• 1763  - Louis I, Grand Duke of Baden (d. 1830)^[28]
• 1769  - George W. Campbell, Scottish-American lawyer and politician, 5th United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1848)
• 1773  - William Henry Harrison, American general and politician, 9th President of the United States (d. 1841)
• 1775  - Farkas Bolyai, Hungarian mathematician and academic (d. 1856)
• 1781  - Johann Baptist von Spix, German biologist and explorer (d. 1826)
• 1783  - Vasily Zhukovsky, Russian poet and translator (d. 1852)
• 1789  - Franz Xaver Gabelsberger, German engineer, invented Gabelsberger shorthand (d. 1849)
• 1800  - Hyrum Smith, American religious leader (d. 1844)
• 1814  - Samuel J. Tilden, American lawyer and politician, 28th Governor of New York (d. 1886)
• 1815  - Federico de Madrazo, Spanish painter (d. 1894)
• 1830  - Abdülaziz of the Ottoman Empire, Turkish emperor (d. 1876)^[29]
• 1834  - Felix Dahn, German lawyer, historian, and author (d. 1912)
• 1826  - Keʻelikōlani, Hawaiian royal and governor^[30] (d. 1883)
• 1837  - José Burgos, Filipino priest and revolutionary (d. 1872)
• 1839  - Silas Adams, American colonel, lawyer, and politician (d. 1896)
• 1846  - Wilhelm Maybach, German engineer and businessman, founded Maybach (d. 1929)
• 1846  - Whitaker Wright, English businessman and financier (d. 1904)
• 1847  - Hugh Price Hughes, Welsh-English clergyman and theologian (d. 1902)
• 1854  - Aletta Jacobs, Dutch physician and suffrage activist (d. 1929)^[31]
• 1856  - Hara Takashi, Japanese politician, 10th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1921)
• 1859  - Akiyama Yoshifuru, Japanese general (d. 1930)
• 1863  - Anthony Hope, English author and playwright (d. 1933)
• 1864  - Miina Härma, Estonian organist, composer, and conductor (d. 1941)^[32]
• 1865  - Mrs. Patrick Campbell, English-French actress (d. 1940)
• 1865  - Erich von Drygalski, German geographer and geophysicist (d. 1949)
• 1867  - Natsume Sōseki, Japanese author and poet (d. 1916)
• 1871  - Howard Taylor Ricketts, American pathologist and physician (d. 1910)
• 1874  - Amy Lowell, American poet, critic, and educator (d. 1925)
• 1876  - Arthur Edward Moore, New Zealand-Australian politician, 23rd Premier of Queensland (d. 1963)
• 1878  - Jack Kirwan, Irish international footballer (d. 1959)^[33]
• 1880  - Lipót Fejér, Hungarian mathematician and academic (d. 1959)
• 1883  - Jules Berry, French actor and director (d. 1951)
• 1885  - Alban Berg, Austrian composer and educator (d. 1935)
• 1885  - Clarence H. Haring, American historian and author (d. 1960)
• 1889  - Larry Semon, American actor, producer, director and screenwriter (d. 1928)
• 1891  - Ronald Colman, English-American actor (d. 1958)
• 1891  - Kristian Krefting, Norwegian footballer and chemical engineer (d. 1964)^[34]
• 1891  - Pietro Nenni, Italian journalist and politician, Secretary of the Italian Socialist Party (d. 1980)^[35]
• 1892  - Peggy Wood, American actress (d. 1978)
• 1893  - Georgios Athanasiadis-Novas, Greek lawyer and politician, 163rd Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1987)
• 1895  - Hermann Brill, German lawyer and politician, 8th Minister-President of Thuringia (d. 1959)
• 1896  - Alberto Vargas, Peruvian-American painter and illustrator (d. 1982)
• 1897  - Charles Kingsford Smith, Australian captain and pilot (d. 1935)
• 1898  - Jūkichi Yagi, Japanese poet and educator (d. 1927)

1901–present

• 1901  - Brian Donlevy, American actor (d. 1972)
• 1901  - James Murray, American actor (d. 1936)
• 1905  - David Cecil, 6th Marquess of Exeter, English hurdler and politician (d. 1981)
• 1906  - André Kostolany, Hungarian-French economist and journalist (d. 1999)
• 1907  - Trường Chinh, Vietnamese politician, 4th President of Vietnam (d. 1988)
• 1907  - Dit Clapper, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1978)^[36]
• 1907  - Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter, English-Canadian mathematician and academic (d. 2003)
• 1909  - Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson, Scottish historian (d. 2002)^[37]
• 1909  - Heather Angel, English-American actress (d. 1986)
• 1909  - Carmen Miranda, Portuguese-Brazilian actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1955)
• 1909  - Dean Rusk, American colonel and politician, 54th United States Secretary of State (d. 1994)^[38]
• 1910  - Jacques Monod, French biochemist and geneticist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1976)
• 1911  - William Orlando Darby, American general (d. 1945)
• 1911  - Esa Pakarinen, Finnish actor and musician (d. 1989)^[39]
• 1912  - Ginette Leclerc, French actress (d. 1992)
• 1912  - Futabayama Sadaji, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 35th Yokozuna (d. 1968)
• 1914  - Ernest Tubb, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1984)^[38]
• 1916  - Tex Hughson, American baseball player (d. 1993)
• 1918  - Lloyd Noel Ferguson, American chemist (d. 2011)
• 1919  - John Abramovic, American basketball player (d. 2000)^[40]
• 1920  - Fred Allen, New Zealand rugby player and coach (d. 2012)
• 1920  - Enrico Schiavetti, Italian football player (d. 1993)
• 1922  - Kathryn Grayson, American actress and soprano (d. 2010)^[38]
• 1922  - Jim Laker, English cricketer and broadcaster (d. 1986)
• 1922  - C. P. Krishnan Nair, Indian businessman, founded The Leela Palaces, Hotels and Resorts (d. 2014)
• 1922  - Robert E. Ogren, American zoologist (d. 2005)
• 1923  - Brendan Behan, Irish rebel, poet, and playwright (d. 1964)^[38]
• 1923  - Tonie Nathan, American radio host, producer, and politician (d. 2014)
• 1925  - John B. Cobb, American philosopher and theologian
• 1925  - Burkhard Heim, German physicist and academic (d. 2001)
• 1926  - Garret FitzGerald, Irish lawyer and politician, 7th Taoiseach of Ireland (d. 2011)
• 1927  - Richard A. Long, American historian and author (d. 2013)
• 1928  - Frank Frazetta, American painter and illustrator (d. 2010)^[41]
• 1928  - Rinus Michels, Dutch footballer and coach (d. 2005)
• 1928  - Roger Mudd, American journalist (d. 2021)^[42]
• 1929  - A. R. Antulay, Indian social worker and politician, 8th Chief Minister of Maharashtra (d. 2014)
• 1929  - Clement Meadmore, Australian-American sculptor (d. 2005)
• 1930  - Garner Ted Armstrong, American evangelist and author (d. 2003)
• 1931  - Thomas Bernhard, Austrian author, poet, and playwright (d. 1989)
• 1931  - Josef Masopust, Czech footballer and coach (d. 2015)
• 1931  - Robert Morris, American sculptor and painter (d. 2018)
• 1932  - Tatsuro Hirooka, Japanese baseball player and manager
• 1932  - Gerhard Richter, German painter and photographer
• 1935  - Lionel Fanthorpe, English-Welsh priest, journalist, and author
• 1936  - Callistus Ndlovu, Zimbabwean academic and politician (d. 2019)^[43]
• 1936  - Clive Swift, English actor and singer-songwriter (d. 2019)
• 1937  - Clete Boyer, American baseball player and manager (d. 2007)
• 1939  - Mahala Andrews, English vertebrae palaeontologist (d. 1997)^[44]
• 1939  - Barry Mann, American pianist, songwriter, and producer
• 1939  - Janet Suzman, South African-British actress and director
• 1940  - Brian Bennett, English drummer and songwriter
• 1940  - J. M. Coetzee, South African-Australian novelist, essayist, and linguist, Nobel Prize laureate^[38]
• 1941  - Kermit Gosnell, American abortionist and serial killer^[45]
• 1941  - Sheila Kuehl, American actress, lawyer, gay rights activist, and politician
• 1942  - Carole King, American singer-songwriter and pianist^[46]
• 1943  - Barbara Lewis, American singer-songwriter^[46]
• 1943  - Joe Pesci, American actor^[46]
• 1943  - Joseph Stiglitz, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate^[38]
• 1944  - Derryn Hinch, New Zealand-Australian radio and television host and politician
• 1944  - Alice Walker, American novelist, short story writer, and poet^[46]
• 1945  - Mia Farrow, American actress, activist, and model^[46]
• 1945  - Yoshinori Ohsumi, Japanese biologist, 2016 Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology or Medicine
• 1945  - Carol Wood, American mathematician and academic
• 1946  - Bob Eastwood, American golfer
• 1946  - Vince Papale, American football player and sportscaster
• 1946  - Jim Webb, American captain and politician, 18th United States Secretary of the Navy
• 1947  - Carla Del Ponte, Swiss lawyer and diplomat
• 1947  - Joe Ely, American singer-songwriter and guitarist^[46]
• 1947  - Major Harris, American singer (d. 2012)
• 1947  - Alexis Smirnoff, Canadian-American wrestler and actor (d. 2019)
• 1948  - Guy Standing, English economist and academic
• 1949  - Bernard Gallacher, Scottish golfer and journalist
• 1949  - Judith Light, American actress^[46]
• 1950  - Richard F. Colburn, American sergeant and politician
• 1951  - David Pomeranz, American singer, musician, and composer
• 1952  - Danny White, American football player and sportscaster
• 1953  - Ciarán Hinds, Irish actor^[38]
• 1953  - Ezechiele Ramin, Italian missionary, priest, and martyr (d. 1985)
• 1953  - Gabriel Rotello, American journalist and author, founded OutWeek
• 1954  - Jo Duffy, American author
• 1954  - Chris Gardner, American businessman and philanthropist
• 1954  - Kevin Warwick, English scientist
• 1955  - Jerry Beck, American historian and author
• 1955  - Jimmy Pursey, English singer-songwriter and producer
• 1955  - Charles Shaughnessy, English actor^[46]
• 1956  - Phil Ford, American basketball player and coach^[47]
• 1956  - Mookie Wilson, American baseball player and coach
• 1957  - Terry McAuliffe, American businessman and politician, 72nd Governor of Virginia
• 1957  - Gordon Strachan, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1958  - Sandy Lyle, Scottish golfer
• 1958  - Chris Nilan, American ice hockey player, coach, and radio host
• 1960  - Holly Johnson, English singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1960  - David Simon, American journalist, author, screenwriter, and television producer
• 1960  - Peggy Whitson, American biochemist and astronaut^[38]
• 1961  - John Kruk, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1962  - Anik Bissonnette, Canadian ballerina
• 1963  - Brian Greene, American physicist
• 1963  - Peter Rowsthorn, Australian comedian and actor
• 1963  - Travis Tritt, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor^[46]
• 1964  - Debrah Miceli, Italian-American wrestler and manager
• 1964  - Dewi Morris, English rugby player
• 1964  - Ernesto Valverde, Spanish footballer and manager^[48]
• 1965  - Dieter Baumann, German runner
• 1965  - Julie Warner, American actress^[46]
• 1966  - Harald Eia, Norwegian comedian, actor, and screenwriter
• 1967  - Gaston Browne, Antiguan and Barbudan Prime Minister^[49]
• 1967  - Venus Lacy, American basketball player^[50]
• 1967  - Todd Pratt, American baseball player and coach
• 1967  - Dan Shulman, Canadian sportscaster
• 1968  - Alejandra Guzmán, Mexican singer-songwriter and actress^[51]
• 1968  - Derek Strong, American basketball player and race car driver
• 1968  - Gloria Trevi, Mexican singer and actress^[52]
• 1969  - Jimmy Smith, American football player
• 1970  - Glenn McGrath, Australian cricketer and sportscaster
• 1971  - Sharon Case, American actress and model^[46]
• 1971  - Matt Gogel, American golfer
• 1971  - Johan Mjällby, Swedish footballer and manager
• 1972  - Darren Ferguson, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1972  - Jason Winston George, American actor and model^[46]
• 1973  - Svetlana Boginskaya, Belarusian gymnast
• 1973  - Colin Egglesfield, American actor
• 1973  - Makoto Shinkai, Japanese animator, director, and screenwriter
• 1974  - Jordi Cruyff, Dutch footballer and manager^[53]
• 1974  - Brad Maynard, American football player
• 1974  - Amber Valletta, American model^[46]
• 1974  - John Wallace, American basketball player and coach
• 1975  - Kurt Asle Arvesen, Norwegian cyclist and coach
• 1975  - Clinton Grybas, Australian journalist and sportscaster (d. 2008)
• 1975  - Vladimir Guerrero, Dominican-American baseball player
• 1976  - Charlie Day, American actor, producer, and screenwriter^[46]
• 1977  - A. J. Buckley, Irish-Canadian actor, director, and screenwriter^[46]
• 1979  - Akinori Iwamura, Japanese baseball player
• 1979  - Irina Slutskaya, Russian figure skater^[38]
• 1979  - Zhang Ziyi, Chinese actress and model^[54]
• 1980  - Angelos Charisteas, Greek footballer
• 1980  - Margarita Levieva, Russian-American actress
• 1980  - Manu Raju, American journalist
• 1981  - Tom Hiddleston, English actor^[46]
• 1981  - John Walker Lindh, American Taliban member^[38]
• 1981  - Daisuke Sekimoto, Japanese wrestler
• 1981  - The Rev, American musician (d. 2009)^[55]
• 1982  - Domingo Cisma, Spanish footballer
• 1982  - Jameer Nelson, American basketball player
• 1982  - Ami Suzuki, Japanese singer-songwriter and actress
• 1982  - Chris Weale, English footballer and manager
• 1983  - Mikel Arruabarrena, Spanish footballer
• 1984  - Maurice Ager, American basketball player, singer, and producer
• 1984  - Dioner Navarro, Venezuelan baseball player^[56]
• 1984  - Shōhōzan Yūya, Japanese sumo wrestler
• 1985  - Nigel Dawes, Canadian-Kazakhstani ice hockey player^[57]
• 1985  - David Gallagher, American actor^[46]
• 1987  - Michael B. Jordan, American actor^[46]
• 1987  - Davide Lanzafame, Italian footballer
• 1987  - Rose Leslie, Scottish actress^[46]
• 1987  - Magdalena Neuner, German biathlete
• 1989  - Maxime Dufour-Lapointe, Canadian skier
• 1990  - Randall Delgado, Panamanian baseball player^[58]
• 1990  - Tariq Sims, Australian-Fijian rugby league player
• 1990  - Camille Winbush, American actress^[46]
• 1991  - Helena Kmieć, Polish Roman Catholic missionary (d. 2017)^[59]
• 1991  - Logan Ryan, American football player^[60]
• 1992  - Avan Jogia, Canadian actor^[61]
• 1993  - Wataru Endō, Japanese footballer^[62]
• 1993  - K. J. McDaniels, American basketball player^[63]
• 1993  - Despina Papamichail, Greek tennis player^[64]
• 1993  - Niclas Füllkrug, German footballer^[65]
• 1995  - André Burakovsky, Swedish ice hockey player^[66]
• 1995  - Mario Pašalić, Croatian footballer
• 1995  - Sheraldo Becker, Surinamese footballer^[67]
• 1996  - Jimmy Bennett, American actor^[46]
• 1996  - Kelli Berglund, American actress^[38]
• 1996  - Chungha, South Korean singer^[68]
• 1996  - Sebastián Driussi, Argentinian footballer^[69]
• 1997  - Jaire Alexander, American football player^[70]
• 1997  - Saquon Barkley, American football player^[71]
• 1997  - Valentini Grammatikopoulou, Greek tennis player^{[72] [73]}
• 1998  - Cem Bölükbaşı, Turkish racing driver and former sim racer^[74]
• 1998  - Isabella Gomez, Colombian-American actress^[38]
• 2002  - Jalen Green, American basketball player^[75]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 966  - Ono no Michikaze, Japanese calligrapher (b. 894)
• 967  - Sayf al-Dawla, emir of Aleppo (b. 916)
• 978  - Luitgarde, duchess consort of Normandy
• 1011  - Bernard I, Duke of Saxony
• 1014  - Yang Yanzhao, Chinese general
• 1135  - Tai Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 1075)
• 1199  - Minamoto no Yoritomo, Japanese shōgun (b. 1147)
• 1251  - Matthias II, duke of Lorraine
• 1407  - William I, margrave of Meissen (b. 1343)
• 1450  - Agnès Sorel, French mistress of Charles VII of France (b. 1421)
• 1555  - John Hooper, English bishop and martyr (b. 1495)
• 1555  - Rowland Taylor, English priest and martyr (b. 1510)
• 1588  - Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz, Spanish admiral (b. 1526)
• 1600  - John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania (b. 1542)

1601–1900

• 1619  - Lucilio Vanini, Italian physician and philosopher (b. 1585)
• 1670  - Frederick III of Denmark (b. 1609)
• 1675  - Gerrit Dou, Dutch painter (b. 1613)
• 1709  - François Louis, Prince of Conti (b. 1664)
• 1777  - Seth Pomeroy, American general and gunsmith (b. 1706)
• 1803  - Jean François de Saint-Lambert, French soldier, poet, and philosopher (b. 1716)
• 1857  - Dionysios Solomos, Greek poet and translator (b. 1798)
• 1874  - Jules Michelet, French historian, philosopher, and academic (b. 1798)
• 1881  - Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist, and philosopher (b. 1821)
• 1891  - Johan Jongkind, Dutch painter (b. 1819)

1901–present

• 1903  - Charles Gavan Duffy, Irish-Australian politician, 8th Premier of Victoria (b. 1816)
• 1906  - Paul Laurence Dunbar, American author, poet, and playwright (b. 1872)
• 1928  - William Gillies, Australian politician, 21st Premier of Queensland (b. 1868)
• 1930  - Richard With, Norwegian captain and businessman, founded Hurtigruten (b. 1846)
• 1932  - Junnosuke Inoue, Japanese businessman and banker (b. 1869)
• 1932  - A.K. Golam Jilani, Bangladeshi soldier and activist (b. 1904)
• 1935  - Bob Diry,^[76] Austrian-born wrestler and boxer (b. 1884)
• 1942  - Lauri Kristian Relander, Finnish politician, 2nd President of Finland (b. 1883)^[77]
• 1945  - Ella D. Barrier, American educator (b. 1852)
• 1950  - Ted Theodore, Australian politician, 20th Premier of Queensland (b. 1884)
• 1951  - Eddy Duchin, American pianist, bandleader, and actor (b. 1910)
• 1957  - Miklós Horthy, Hungarian admiral and politician, Regent of Hungary (b. 1868)
• 1960  - Alexandre Benois, Russian painter and critic (b. 1870)
• 1960  - Ernő Dohnányi, Hungarian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1877)
• 1965  - Khan Bahadur Ahsanullah, Bangladeshi theologian and educator (b. 1874)
• 1966  - Sophie Tucker, Russian-born American singer (b. 1884)
• 1969  - George "Gabby" Hayes, American actor and singer (b. 1885)
• 1976  - Percy Faith, Canadian composer and conductor (b. 1908)
• 1977  - Sergey Ilyushin, Russian engineer and businessman, founded the Ilyushin Design Bureau (b. 1894)
• 1978  - Costante Girardengo, Italian cyclist and coach (b. 1893)
• 1979  - Allen Tate, American poet and academic (b. 1899)
• 1980  - Tom Macdonald, Welsh journalist and author (b. 1900)
• 1981  - M. C. Chagla, Indian jurist and politician, Indian Minister of External Affairs (b. 1900)
• 1981  - Bill Haley, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1925)
• 1984  - Yuri Andropov, Russian lawyer and politician (b. 1914)
• 1989  - Osamu Tezuka, Japanese illustrator, animator, and producer (b. 1928)
• 1994  - Howard Martin Temin, American geneticist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1934)
• 1995  - J. William Fulbright, American lawyer and politician (b. 1905)
• 1995  - Kalevi Keihänen, Finnish entrepreneur (b. 1924)^[78]
• 1995  - David Wayne, American actor (b. 1914)
• 1998  - Maurice Schumann, French journalist and politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1911)
• 2001  - Herbert A. Simon, American political scientist, economist, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1916)
• 2002  - Isabelle Holland, Swiss-American author (b. 1920)
• 2002  - Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (b. 1930)
• 2003  - Masatoshi Gündüz Ikeda, Japanese-Turkish mathematician and academic (b. 1926)
• 2004  - Claude Ryan, Canadian journalist and politician (b. 1925)
• 2005  - Robert Kearns, American engineer, invented the intermittent windscreen wiper (b. 1927)
• 2006  - Freddie Laker, English pilot and businessman, founded Laker Airways (b. 1922)
• 2007  - Hank Bauer, American baseball player and manager (b. 1922)
• 2007  - Ian Richardson, Scottish actor (b. 1934)
• 2008  - Christopher Hyatt, American occultist and author (b. 1943)
• 2008  - Carm Lino Spiteri, Maltese architect and politician (b. 1932)^[79]
• 2008  - Jazeh Tabatabai, Iranian painter, poet, and sculptor (b. 1931)
• 2009  - Orlando "Cachaíto" López, Cuban bassist and composer (b. 1933)
• 2010  - Walter Frederick Morrison, American businessman, invented the Frisbee (b. 1920)
• 2011  - Miltiadis Evert, Greek lawyer and politician, 69th Mayor of Athens (b. 1939)
• 2012  - O. P. Dutta, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1922)
• 2012  - John Hick, English philosopher and academic (b. 1922)
• 2012  - Joe Moretti, Scottish-South African guitarist and songwriter (b. 1938)
• 2013  - Richard Artschwager, American painter, illustrator, and sculptor (b. 1923)
• 2013  - Keiko Fukuda, Japanese-American martial artist and trainer (b. 1913)^[80]
• 2013  - Jimmy Smyth, Irish hurler (b. 1931)
• 2014  - Gabriel Axel, Danish actor, director, and producer (b. 1918)
• 2014  - Hal Herring, American football player and coach (b. 1924)
• 2014  - Logan Scott-Bowden, English general (b. 1920)
• 2015  - Liu Han, Chinese businessman and philanthropist (b. 1965)
• 2015  - Ed Sabol, American film producer, co-founded NFL Films (b. 1916)
• 2016  - Sushil Koirala, Nepalese politician, 37th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1939)
• 2016  - Zdravko Tolimir, Bosnian Serb military commander (b. 1948)
• 2017  - André Salvat, French Army colonel (b. 1920)
• 2018  - Reg E. Cathey, American actor of stage, film, and television (b. 1958)^[81]
• 2018  - Jóhann Jóhannsson, Icelandic composer (b. 1969)
• 2018  - John Gavin, American actor and United States ambassador to Mexico (b. 1931)
• 2021  - Chick Corea, American jazz composer (b. 1941)^[82]
• 2022  - Johnny Raper, Australian rugby league player and coach (b. 1939)^[83]

Holidays and observances

• Alto of Altomünster
• Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich
• Ansbert of Rouen
• Apollonia
• Bracchio
• Einion the King (Western Orthodoxy)
• Blessed Leopold of Alpandeire
• Maron (Maronite Church)
• Miguel Febres Cordero
• Nebridius
• Sabinus of Canosa
• Teilo (Wales)
• February 9 is the earliest day on which Clean Monday can fall, while March 15 is the latest; celebrated on the first Monday of Great Lent. (Eastern Christianity)
• February 9 is the earliest day on which People's Sunday can fall, while March 15 is the latest; celebrated on the first Sunday of Lent. (Malta)
• St. Maroun's Day (public holiday in Lebanon)

Bibliography

• Book: Hill, Alan . Alan Hill (author) . Jim Laker: A Biography . Andre Deutsch Ltd . London . 1998 . 978-02-33050-43-0.
  • Book: Horse-Racing: Its History and Early Records of the Principal and other Race Meetings with Anecdotes etc. . 26 April 2013 . 1863 . Saunders, Otley & Co. . London. .

External links

• BBC: On This Day
  • Historical Events on February 9

Notes and References

1. Encyclopedia: Zeno . Encyclopaedia Britannica . 8 February 2018.
2. Pollard . Albert Frederick . Hooper, John. 13 . 675–676.
3. http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1616.htm#Ludovisi Pope Gregory XV
4. Book: Duncombe, Laura. Pirate Women: The Princesses, Prostitutes, and Privateers Who Ruled the Seven Seas. 1 April 2017. Chicago Review Press. 103. 9781613736043.
5. Book: Cogliano, Francis D.. Revolutionary America, 1763–1815: A Political History. Routledge. 1999. 47.
6. Book: Hough, Franklin Benjamin. Franklin B. Hough. American Constitutions. 1872. Weed, Parsons, & Company. Albany. 10. References to a 1778 Virginia ratification are based on an error in the Journals of Congress: "The published Journals of Congress print this enabling act of the Virginia assembly under date of Dec. 15, 1778. This error has come from the MS. vol. 9 (History of Confederation), p. 123, Papers of the Continental Congress, Library of Congress." Book: Dyer, Albion M.. First Ownership of Ohio Lands. 1911. 2008. Genealogical Publishing Company. Baltimore. 978-0-8063-0098-6. 10.
7. Book: First Report of the United States - Board of Geographic Names 1890-1891. haiti; island.. 45. United States Geographic Board. United States Board on Geographic Names. 1890–1891. Washington Government Printing Office. 13 September 2015.
8. Klein. John W.. Verdi and Falstaff. The Musical Times. 1 July 1926. 67. 1001. 605–607. 10.2307/911833. 911833.
9. Book: Duiker, William. The Rise of Nationalism in Vietnam, 1900 - 1941. William Duiker. 1976. Cornell University. Ithaca. 0-8014-0951-9. 160 - 161.
10. http://www.mlang.name/arkisto/vakijuomalaki.html Laki väkijuomista (45/1932).
11. S. Sariola, "Prohibition in Finland, 1919–1932; its background and consequences," Quarterly Journal of Studies in Alcohol (Sep. 1954) 15(3) pp. 477–90
12. Web site: Daylight saving time instituted - Feb 09, 1942 - HISTORY.com. 9 February 2018. On this day, Congress pushes ahead standard time for the United States by one hour in each time zone, imposing daylight saving time–called at the time 'war time.'.
13. https://www.cavernclub.com/history/1960s/#:~:text=Thursday%209%20February%201961,the%20Cavern%20Club's%20signature%20act The Cavern Club
14. Web site: Ranter. Harro. ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu-104A CCCP-42327 Irkutsk Airport (IKT). 2020-02-08. aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network.
15. Web site: Ranter. Harro. ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-8-61 JA8061 Tokyo-Haneda Airport (HND). 2022-02-09. aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network.
16. Hofmann. S.. 1996. The new element 112. Zeitschrift für Physik A. 354 . 1 . 229–230. 10.1007/BF02769517. 119975957. etal.
17. USS Greeneville Returns to Sea . Associated Press Online . 12 April 2001 .
18. The Ehime Maru Incident and the law. Schoenbaum. Thomas J.. ASIL Insights. 6. 5. March 5, 2001. February 10, 2021.
19. News: 9 killed in 2001 when a U.S. sub hit Japanese fishing ship remembered. Audrey. McAvoy. Associated Press. Navy Times. February 10, 2017. February 10, 2021.
20. News: Ex-U.S. captain apologizes for Ehime Maru collision on 20th anniversary. The Japan Times. February 9, 2021. February 10, 2021.
21. Web site: U.S. Navy Salvage Report F/V Ehime Maru. October 31, 2006. February 10, 2021. United States Navy.
22. News: Weiteres Opfer erliegt schweren Verletzungen . Der Spiegel . 13 April 2016 . 12 September 2018.
23. Web site: Olympics 2018: Opening ceremony 'Peace in Motion' kicks off Pyeongchang Winter Games. ABC News.
24. Web site: Constitutional crisis in El Salvador over Bukele's security plan. February 10, 2020. March 7, 2020.
25. News: Walters. Joanna. Donald Trump will refuse to testify at Senate impeachment trial, lawyers say. en-GB. The Guardian. February 4, 2021. 0261-3077.
26. Book: Paul Oskar Kristeller. Ferdinand Edward Cranz. Virginia Brown. Mediaeval and Renaissance Latin Translations and Commentaries. 1980. Catholic University of America Press. 978-0-8132-0547-2.
27. Book: Paine Paine. The Writings of Thomas Paine - Volume 4. 18 June 2018. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. 978-1-986793-04-9.
28. Book: The Gentleman's Magazine. 1818. F. Jefferies. 555.
29. Web site: Abdulaziz Biography & Facts Britannica . 2023-10-04 . www.britannica.com . en.
30. Book: Kristin Zambucka. The High Chiefess, Ruth Keelikolani. 1977. Kristin Zambucka Books.
31. Book: Bonnie G.. Smith. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. 1. Oxford. Oxford University Press. 2008. 978-0-19514-890-9. 637.
32. Book: Kändler, Tiit. Küllike. Lengi-Cooper. A Hundred Great Estonians of the 20th Century. Tallinn. Estonian Encyclopaedia Publishers. 2002. 52. 978-9-98570-103-4.
33. Web site: Jack Kirwan. nifootball.blogspot.com. 6 February 2020.
34. Web site: Kristian Krefting . olympedia.org . 14 March 2024 .
35. Web site: Pietro Nenni ANPI . 2023-08-04 . www.anpi.it . it.
36. Web site: Dit Clapper . . 8 February 2024.
37. Book: Ewan . Elizabeth L. . Innes . Sue . Reynolds . Sian . Pipes . Rose . Biographical Dictionary of ScottishWomen . 27 June 2007 . Edinburgh University Press . 978-0-7486-2660-1 . 13 . en.
38. Web site: Famous birthdays for Feb. 9: Ciaran Hinds, Joe Pesci . . 8 February 2024 . 9 February 2023.
39. Web site: Esa Pakarisen syntymästä 100 vuotta. Airi. Saastamoinen. Satumaa. Yle. January 26, 2011. December 22, 2021. fi.
40. Web site: John Abramovic . . 8 February 2024.
41. News: Weber. Bruce. Itzkoff. Dave. Frank Frazetta, Illustrator, Dies at 82. The New York Times. May 10, 2010. January 29, 2024.
42. News: McFadden. Robert D.. 2021-03-09. Roger Mudd, Anchorman Who Stumped a Kennedy, Is Dead at 93. en-US. The New York Times. 2021-03-10. 0362-4331.
43. Web site: Shumba . Pamela . 2019-02-15 . Callistus Ndlovu death shocks President . 2022-12-25 . The Chronicle.
44. Book: Ewan . Elizabeth L. . Innes . Sue . Reynolds . Sian . Pipes . Rose . Biographical Dictionary of ScottishWomen . 2007 . Edinburgh University Press . 978-0-7486-2660-1 . 14 . en.
45. Web site: The Gosnell case: Here's what you need to know. Sarah. Kliff. www.washingtonpost.com.
46. Web site: Rose . Mike . Today's famous birthdays list for February 9, 2023 includes celebrities Michael B. Jordan, Tom Hiddleston . . . 8 February 2024 . 9 February 2023.
47. Web site: Phil Ford . . 8 February 2024.
48. News: Conozca los secretos del pueblo extremeño donde nació Valverde. Know the secrets of the Extremaduran village where Valverde was born. Sport. David. Rubio. es. 30 May 2017. 12 January 2020.
49. Book: Turner, Barry . The statesman's yearbook 2016: the politics, cultures and economies of the world . Palgrave MacMillan . Basingstoke . 2015 . 9781349578238 . 109.
50. Web site: Venus Lacy . . 8 February 2024.
51. Web site: All Music.com . Alejandra Guzmán. August 24, 2019.
52. Web site: Biography.com . Gloria Trevi . Apr 17, 2019. August 24, 2019.
53. News: Jordi Cruyff Profile, News & Stats Premier League. Premier League. 14 April 2020.
54. Web site: Parkes . Douglas . Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi's 5 best performances – from Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon to Memoirs of a Geisha and The Grandmaster about Bruce Lee's teacher Ip Man . . 30 January 2023 . 9 February 2021.
55. Web site: MTV Newsroom . Newsroom.mtv.com . December 29, 2009 . October 28, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111023190432/http://newsroom.mtv.com/2009/12/29/the-rev-dead . October 23, 2011 .
56. Web site: Dioner Navarro . . 8 February 2024.
57. Web site: Nigel Dawes . . 8 February 2024.
58. Web site: Randall Delgado . . 8 February 2024.
59. Web site: 2024-04-20 . Kim była Helena Kmieć? . Who was Helena Kmieć? . 2024-04-28 . Katolicka Agencja Informacyjna . pl.
60. Web site: Logan Ryan . . 8 February 2024.
61. Web site: Happy 22ND Birthday Avan Jogia... . Jogia . Avan . February 9, 2014. . June 12, 2018 . Happy 22ND Birthday Avan Jogia ... I've leveled up, hopefully older and wiser. Thanks for the birthday greetings..
62. Web site: Wataru Endō . Premier League . 25 October 2023.
63. Web site: KJ McDaniels . . 8 February 2024.
64. Web site: Despina Papamichail Player Stats & More – WTA Official . 2022-10-17 . Women's Tennis Association . en.
65. Web site: Niclas Füllkrug. Bundesliga. 9 February 2024.
66. Web site: Andre Burakovsky Stats And News . www.nhl.com . October 18, 2023.
67. Web site: Sheraldo Becker. La Liga. 9 February 2024.
68. Web site: 청하. MNH Entertainment. February 10, 2022. ko. February 4, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230204185151/http://mnhenter.com/board/view?bd_id=singer&wr_id=1. dead.
69. Web site: Sebastián Driussi. Austin FC. 9 February 2024.
70. Web site: Jaire Alexander . . 8 February 2024.
71. Web site: Saquon Barkley . . 30 January 2023.
72. Web site: Valentini Grammatikopoulou Player Stats & More – WTA Official . 2022-10-20 . Women's Tennis Association . en.
73. Web site: Valentini Grammatikopoulou - Player Profile - Tennis . 2022-10-20 . Eurosport UK . en.
74. Web site: Official Formula Two page of Cem Bölükbaşı. Formula Two. August 12, 2022.
75. Web site: Jalen Green . . 8 February 2024.
76. Web site: Weltmeister Robert Diry gestorben . Wiener Sporttagblatt, p. 4 . 1935-02-27.
77. Web site: Lauri Kristian Relander. Lahdenpohja.onego.ru. December 31, 2021.
78. Nuorteva, Kristiina: Kalevi Keihänen's obituary, Helsingin Sanomat 9 February 1995. Accessed on 13 February 2019.
79. News: Ċumpaqq passes away . . 10 February 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200721134854/https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/cumpaqq-passes-away.195699 . 21 July 2020.
80. Web site: Legendary judo teacher Fukuda dies at 99. The Japan Times. February 12, 2013. February 12, 2013. August 8, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170808155310/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2013/02/12/more-sports/legendary-judo-teacher-fukuda-dies-at-99/#.URo3Z6X1vNo. dead.
81. News: Reg Cathey, 'House of Cards' and 'The Wire' Actor, Dies at 59. Brockington. Ariana. February 9, 2018. Variety. 14 February 2018. en-US.
82. Web site: Notable deaths in 2021 . 2021-02-27. www.reuters.com.
83. News: Rugby league Immortal Johnny Raper dead at 82. Sydney Morning Herald. 9 February 2022.