96th Street station (Second Avenue Subway) explained

96 Street
Accessible:yes
Address:96th Street & Second Avenue
New York, New York
Borough:Manhattan
Locale:Upper East Side (Carnegie Hill and Yorkville); East Harlem
Coordinates:40.7841°N -73.9472°W
Division:IND
Line:IND Second Avenue Line
Service:Second
Service Header:Second header
Connection: NYCT Bus:
NYC Ferry: Soundview route (at East 90th Street and East End Avenue)
Platforms:1 island platform
Tracks:2
Structure:Underground

The 96th Street station is a station on the IND Second Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Second Avenue and 96th Street on the border of the Upper East Side/Yorkville and East Harlem neighborhoods in Manhattan, it is the northern terminus for the Q train at all times. It is also served by limited rush hour N trains and one northbound morning rush hour R train. The station is the terminus for the first phase of the Second Avenue Line.

The station was not originally proposed as part of the Program for Action in 1968, but a later revision to that plan entailed building a Second Avenue Subway with one of its stops located at 96th Street. Construction on that project started in 1972, but stalled in 1975 due to lack of funding. In 2007, a separate measure authorized a first phase of the Second Avenue Line to be built between 65th and 105th Streets, with stations at 72nd Street, 86th Street and 96th Street. The station opened on January 1, 2017, as a terminal station, with provisions to extend the line north to Harlem–125th Street in Phase 2. Since opening, the presence of the Second Avenue Subway's three Phase 1 stations has improved real estate prices along the corridor. The 96th Street station was used by approximately 6.2 million passengers in 2019.

The station, along with the other Phase 1 stations along the Second Avenue Subway, contains features not found in most New York City Subway stations. It is fully compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, containing two elevators for disabled access. Additionally, the station contains air conditioning and is waterproofed, a feature only found in newer stations. The artwork at 96th Street is "Blueprint for a Landscape", a mural by Sarah Sze.

History

Background

The Second Avenue Line was originally proposed in 1919 as part of a massive expansion of what would become the Independent Subway System (IND).[1] Work on the line never commenced, as the Great Depression of 1929 crushed the economy.[2] Numerous plans for the Second Avenue Subway appeared throughout the 20th century, but these were usually deferred due to lack of funds. In anticipation of the never-built new subway line, the Second and Third Avenue elevated lines were demolished in 1942 and 1955, respectively.[3] [4] The Second Avenue Elevated had one station at 92nd Street and another at 99th Street,[5] and the Third Avenue Elevated had a stop on nearby Third Avenue at 99th Street.[6]

Unrealized proposals

As part of the New York City Transit Authority's 1968 Program for Action, the construction of the full-length Second Avenue Subway was proposed. It was to be built in two phases—the first phase from 126th to 34th Streets, the second phase from 34th to Whitehall Streets.[7] [8] The line's planned stops in Manhattan, spaced farther apart than those on existing subway lines, proved controversial; the Second Avenue line was criticized as a "rich man's express, circumventing the Lower East Side with its complexes of high-rise low- and middle-income housing and slums in favor of a silk stocking route." People protested for almost a year over the lack of stations at 72nd and 96th Streets; while a Lenox Hill (72nd Street) station[9] was added in October 1970, the 96th Street station was still not in the official plans, despite the proximity of the Metropolitan Hospital Center to the proposed station. In response to public outcry, the MTA announced the addition of a station at 96th Street in 1971.[10]

All Second Avenue Subway stations built under the Program for Action would have included escalators, high intensity lighting, improved audio systems, platform edge strips, and non-slip floors to accommodate the needs of the elderly and people with disabilities, but no elevators. Space at each station would have been used for ancillary facilities.[11] The stations were to be made with brick walls and pavers alongside stainless steel, and would have relatively small dimensions, with 10abbr=NaNabbr= mezzanine ceilings. Damaz & Weigel received a contract for the design of the 96th Street station.

A combination of Federal and State funding was obtained, and despite the controversy over the number of stops and route, a groundbreaking ceremony was held on October 27, 1972 at Second Avenue and 103rd Street.[12] [13] [14] Construction began shortly thereafter on what was to be the 99th–105th Streets segment, which was projected to cost $17.48 million (worth about $ today).[15] However, the city soon experienced its most dire fiscal crisis yet, due to the stagnant economy of the early 1970s, combined with the massive outflow of city residents to the suburbs, and in September 1975 construction on the line stopped, and the tunnels were sealed.[14] [16] Over the next few decades, the MTA regularly inspected and maintained the tunnel segments (spending $20,000 a year by the early 1990s), to maintain the structural integrity of the streets above, and in case construction would ever resume. Trespassers would often camp in the tunnels until the MTA increased security.[17]

In 1999, the Regional Plan Association considered a full-length Second Avenue Subway, which include 96th Street as one of its planned 31 stations. The station would serve the Metropolitan Hospital at 97th Street and the then-new high-rise buildings south of 96th Street.[18]

Construction

In March 2007, plans for the construction of the Second Avenue Subway were revived.[19] The line's first phase, the "first major expansion" to the New York City Subway in more than a half-century,[20] included three stations in total (at 72nd, 86th, and 96th Streets), which collectively cost $4.45 to $4.5 billion.[21] [22] Its construction site was designated as being from 105th Street and Second Avenue to 63rd Street and Third Avenue.[23] The MTA awarded a $337 million contract—one that included constructing the tunnels between 92nd and 63rd Streets, building a launch box for the tunnel boring machine (TBM) at 92nd to 95th Streets, and erecting access shafts at 69th and 72nd Streets—to Schiavone Construction, Skanska USA Civil, and J.F. Shea Construction.[24] The line's construction commenced on April 15, 2007,[19] [25] In April 2007, the second round of planning for the station was finalized.[26] [27]

A ceremonial ground-breaking for the Second Avenue Subway was held on April 12, 2007 three blocks north of the station.[19] [25] [28] [29] The contractor prepared the initial construction site at 96th Street on April 23, 2007.[30] A TBM was originally expected to arrive six to eight months after construction began, but the utility relocation and excavation required to create its "launch box" delayed its deployment from 96th Street down to 63rd Street until May 2010. The forced evacuation of two buildings near the 96th Street station delayed the contractor's plan to use controlled blasting to remove bedrock in the southern section of the launch box.[31] The station itself could not be bored because of the soft soil there.[32] Instead, slurry or diaphragm walls, 1.1m (03.6feet) wide and 6.1m (20feet) long and about 35m (115feet) deep, were built alongside the sections between East 93rd and 95th Streets. Between East 91st and 93rd Streets, where the rock becomes shallower, 1.1m (03.6feet) secant piles did the same work at shallower depths.[32] Earth excavation was conducted between walls once they were installed, and box structures were built using a bottom-up construction method. Temporary decking constituted the top of the boxes, and the decking both braced the excavation and supported the walls and Second Avenue traffic.[33]

By the beginning of 2012, the slurry wall for the station site was being taken down.[34] On June 25, 2012, a $324.6 million contract was awarded to E.E. Cruz and Company and Tully Construction Company for the station's plumbing, electricity, ancillaries, and entrances.[35] In March 2013, the bulkhead separating the new construction from the 1970s-era tunnel at 99th Street was completed.[36]

On March 19, 2013, a construction worker got stuck in waist-deep muck at the station site;[37] [38] he was extricated after four hours of rescue efforts, but nearly died after the incident.[39] [40]

In mid-2013, work had resumed in the tunnel segment between 99th Street and 105th Street, involving the addition of track and signals, mechanical and plumbing equipment, and upgrading the tunnels to meet modern fire code standards.[41] [42], the station was 65% excavated. Rails for the line had arrived and were being stored in the station cavern;[43] about one-third of the rails for the line had arrived by then, enough for tracks to be laid from 105th to 87th Streets.[44] By spring 2014, the mezzanine was completed, and roof slabs were being installed; tracks and signal brackets were also installed north of the station.[45] By April 2015, the station was 67% complete,[46] and by April 2016, the station was 91% complete.[47] The station was scheduled to be completed by June 2016,[48] but this was later pushed back to fall 2016.[49]

On December 22 and 23, as part of an open house hosted by the MTA, the public was invited to tour the 96th Street station before it opened, to generally positive acclaim.[50] [51] The station opened on January 1, 2017.[52] [53]

Phase Two

Phase 2, which does not have a set timetable for construction,[54] [55] is planned to extend service from 96th Street to Harlem–125th Street. During Phase 2, both East Harlem segments, between 99th Street and 105th Street, and between 110th Street and 120th Street will be connected, modified, and used for normal train service. In 2007, the MTA reported that the segments were in pristine condition.[56] Under the approved plan, the MTA estimates to complete Phase 2 between 2027 and 2029, by which the Q and rush-hour N trains will be extended to Harlem–125th Street.[57]

Station layout

GroundStreet levelExits/entrances
MezzanineMezzanineFare control, station agent, MetroCard machines
Platform levelTrack 2← toward via Brighton
← toward Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue via Sea Beach (select rush hour trips) (86th Street)
Island platform
Track 1← toward Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue via Brighton (86th Street)
← toward Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue via Sea Beach (select rush hour trips) (86th Street)
The 96th Street station is served by the Q trains at all times, some N trains during rush hours, and one northbound R train during the AM rush hours.[58] This station is the northern terminus of the Second Avenue Subway;[59] [60] the next stop to the south is 86th Street. It has two tracks and an island platform.[61] The station is built so that it is more wide open than most other underground subway stations in the system.[62] Its design was likened to a Washington Metro station by Michael Horodniceanu, President of MTA Capital Construction.[63] The platform is approximately 49 feet (15 m) below ground, making the station the shallowest of the three Phase 1 stations.[64] [65] The platform for the 96th Street station, like the other Second Avenue Subway stations, is 27.8feet wide.[66] [67] As with other stations on the first phase of the Second Avenue Subway, it was designed and engineered by a joint venture of Arup and AECOM.[68]

The station has air-cooling systems to make it at least 10F-change cooler than other subway stations during the summer.[69] This requires the station to have large ventilation and ancillary buildings, rather than traditional subway grates.[70] The station is also compliant with current fire codes, whereas most existing stations are not.[71] Additionally, the station is waterproofed with concrete liners and fully drained.[72] In early plans, the Second Avenue Subway was supposed to have platform screen doors to assist with air-cooling, energy savings, ventilation, and track safety,[73] but this plan was scrapped in 2012 as cost-prohibitive.[74] According to an internal study prepared for the MTA in 2020, the 96th Street station could theoretically accommodate half-height platform edge doors. Full-height platform screen doors would be possible but would necessitate the installation of structural bracing and relocation of several mechanical systems.[75]

Track layout

South of the station, underneath 92nd Street, is a diamond crossover allowing northbound trains from track S2 to terminate on either track, then go into the storage tracks or proceed south on track S1.[76] [77] A section of tunnel north of the station, built in the 1970s between 99th and 105th Streets, was renovated.[78] The tail tracks north of the station, which currently end at 99th Street, can store four trainsets, two on each track.[79]

Artwork

In 2009, MTA Arts & Design selected Sarah Sze from a pool of 300 potential artists to create the artwork for the station.[80] [81] Her work, which was created by Spanish artisans Alcalagres, consists of blue, violet, and lavender landscapes,[82] [80] as well as depictions of wind blowing things around. The artwork is located on 4,300 porcelain wall panels.[83] [84] [85] The installation is permanent.[86]

The piece is called "Blueprint for a Landscape" and consists of a dark-blue landscape of things being blown around as if by an incoming train.[83] A New York Times reporter described it as "fragmented images of scaffolding, birds, chairs and leaves, digitally collaged." Another piece, in simple blue-and-white colors, consists of depictions of billowing sheets of paper. The work also serves the practical purpose of helping navigation, as the sheets are more closely packed together near the exits than in the middle of the station. The work features familiar objects—sheets of paper, scaffolding, birds, trees and foliage—caught up in a whirlwind. Each entrance features a different shade of blue and a blueprint-style vector line design, a visual theme that is integrated with the architecture.[87] [88]

Exits and ancillary buildings

There are 3 entrances and exits, comprising 6 escalators and one elevator.[89]

LocationExit TypeNumber of exits
Entrance 1
Within building, SW corner of Second Avenue and 94th Street[90] 		Staircase
Escalator		1 staircase
1 escalator
Entrance 2
Plaza, NE corner of Second Avenue and 94th Street		Escalator3 escalators
Entrance 3
Second Avenue, west side between 95th Street and 96th Street		Elevator 1
Entrance 3
Plaza, SW corner of Second Avenue and 96th Street		Staircase
Escalator		1 staircase
2 escalators

There are also two ancillary buildings that store station equipment.[91] [92] Ancillary 1 is at the northeast corner of Second Avenue and 93rd Street, while ancillary 2 is at the SW corner of Second Avenue and 97th Street.[91] [92] The Metropolitan Hospital Center is one block to the north of the station's northernmost entrance.[93]

The locations of the station entrances are all south of 96th Street.[94] In 2009, there was a debate over the placement of the location of the street entrances. Because 96th Street divides the neighborhoods of the Upper East Side to the south and East Harlem to the north, some residents of East Harlem stated that their neighborhood was not served by the Second Avenue Subway.[95] [96]

Effects

The surrounding area's real estate prices had been in decline.[97] However, the value of real estate in the area has risen since 2013,[98] [99] with new construction charging a "subway premium."[97] Some businesses near the station's construction site lost profits,[100] but with the opening of the new station, business owners hope to see an increase in patronage.[101] [102]

A writer for The New Yorker called the station area a partially gentrified "traditional dividing line between East Harlem and the Upper East Side". Unlike for the other two Phase 1 stations, rents for buildings in the station area had not reached their maximum. To illustrate the area's transitional condition, the writer stated that the 96th Street station was situated within a few blocks of a high-crime housing development on First Avenue, an old ice-skating rink frequented by "squeegee men" who would demand money from drivers, a tenement where future President Barack Obama lived in the 1980s, the Islamic Cultural Center of New York, as well as the Mayor of New York City's residence at Gracie Mansion.

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: www.nycsubway.org: Second Avenue Subway: The Line That Almost Never Was. 1972. nycsubway.org. September 30, 2015.
  2. Web site: IND Second System 1929 Plan. nycsubway.org. March 25, 2016.
  3. Web site: Second Avenue Subway Project – History. October 19, 2002. February 15, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20021019053707/http://mta.info/planning/sas/sas_history_1.htm. October 19, 2002.
  4. News: Last Train Rumbles On Third Ave. 'El'; An Era Ends With Final Run of Third Avenue 'El' LAST TRAIN ROLLS ON THIRD AVE. 'EL'. The New York Times . August 23, 2016.
  5. See:
    • Web site: 2nd Avenue El . nycsubway.org . January 25, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090127041414/http://nycsubway.org/lines/2ndave-el.html . January 27, 2009 . live . mdy.
    • Web site: Second Avenue Local . Station Reporter . January 25, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090130064659/http://stationreporter.net/2avl.htm . January 30, 2009 . dead . mdy.
  6. See:
    • Web site: 3rd Avenue El . nycsubway.org . January 25, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090127041419/http://nycsubway.org/lines/3rdave-el.html . January 27, 2009 . live.
    • Web site: Third Avenue Local . Station Reporter . January 25, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100609061601/http://www.stationreporter.net/3avl.htm . June 9, 2010 . dead . mdy.
  7. Web site: nycsubway.org. The New York Transit Authority in the 1970s. October 27, 2016.
  8. Web site: DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT, SECOND AVENUE SUBWAY, ROUTE 132-A . Urban Mass Transportation Administration . nycsubway.org . August 1971 . May 22, 2014.
  9. Web site: Second Avenue Subway Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS), May 2004 Appendix B Development of Alternatives. May 2004. mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. August 7, 2016.
  10. Web site: DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT, SECOND AVENUE SUBWAY, ROUTE 132-A. August 1971. nycsubway.org. Urban Mass Transportation Administration. February 13, 2016.
  11. News: February 16, 1973. Notice of Public Hearing Southern Extension of the Second Avenue Line for the New York City Transit System. New York Daily News. December 8, 2018.
  12. Web site: Second Avenue Subway Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS), May 2004 Appendix B Development of Alternatives. May 2004. mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. August 7, 2016.
  13. http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/Second_Avenue_Subway:_Timeline "Second Avenue Subway: Timeline"
  14. Web site: Second Avenue Subway. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. April 7, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140408220035/http://web.mta.info/capconstr/sas/background.html. April 8, 2014.
  15. News: GROUND IS BROKEN FOR 2D AVE. LINK; Downtown Subway Section Begins With Ceremony Led by Lindsay and Ronan Projects Are Listed Interest in French Train. Burks. Edward C.. October 25, 1973. The New York Times. 51. October 4, 2015.
  16. News: WORK IS STOPPED ON SUBWAY LINE; City Lacks Funds to Finish Part of 2d Ave. Project. Burks. Edward C.. September 26, 1975. The New York Times. 41. October 4, 2015.
  17. News: A Tunnel Waiting Two Decades for a Train; Shafts for the Second Avenue Subway Are Maintained, in Case the Line Is Ever Built. Finder. Alan. April 19, 1994. The New York Times. B1. October 4, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160307002136/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/19/nyregion/tunnel-waiting-two-decades-for-train-shafts-for-second-avenue-subway-are.html. March 7, 2016. dead.
  18. http://www.rpa.org/pdf/metrolink.pdf Metrolink
  19. News: Is That Finally the Sound of a 2nd Ave. Subway?. Neuman. William. April 9, 2007. The New York Times. June 28, 2011.
  20. News: The Second Avenue subway explained. am New York. October 27, 2016.
  22. Web site: Drone takes tour of NYC's 2nd Avenue subway line. September 16, 2015. CBS News. October 27, 2016.
  23. Web site: Updates on NYC's Biggest Subway Projects: Second Avenue and East Side Access . Nonko . Emily . January 30, 2014 . NewYork.com . June 5, 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140517132213/http://www.newyork.com/articles/real-estate/updates-on-nycs-biggest-subway-projects-second-avenue-and-east-side-access-59421/ . May 17, 2014 .
  24. Web site: NY Construction. Top Projects. February 8, 2017 . 1.
  25. Web site: Excavation of West Tunnel for Second Avenue Subway Complete. February 4, 2011. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. June 28, 2011. October 27, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161027192009/http://www.mta.info/news/2011/02/04/excavation-west-tunnel-second-avenue-subway-complete. dead.
  26. Web site: Metropolitan Transportation Authority. MTA.info. Second Avenue Subway Project 96th Street Station.
  27. Web site: Rubinstein . Dana . Where is the Second Avenue Subway going? . Capital New York . October 23, 2013 . May 15, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160322132244/http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/politics/2013/10/8533946/where-second-avenue-subway-going . March 22, 2016 . dead .
  28. Web site: Jen Chung . Second Avenue Subway Groundbreaking Day! . Gothamist . April 12, 2007 . May 15, 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111103171357/http://gothamist.com/2007/04/12/second_avenue_s_5.php . November 3, 2011 . mdy-all .
  29. Web site: MTA | Press Release | MTA Headquarters | Second Avenue Subway Breaks Ground . New.mta.info . April 12, 2007 . May 15, 2014 . December 21, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151221130833/http://www.mta.info/press-release/mta-headquarters/second-avenue-subway-breaks-ground . dead .
  30. Book: The Wheels That Drove New York: A History of the New York City Transit System. Roess. Roger P.. Sansome. Gene. 2013. Springer. 978-3-642-30484-2. 370. October 4, 2015.
  31. News: Dan . Rivoli . 2nd Ave. Subway Delays . https://web.archive.org/web/20110715023517/http://ourtownny.com/2009/09/02/2nd-ave-subway-delays/ . Our Town . September 2, 2009 . February 20, 2010 . July 15, 2011.
  32. Paumgarten . Nick . The Second Avenue Subway Is Here! . The New Yorker . February 6, 2017 . February 24, 2017.
  33. Fairytale of New York – Second Avenue Subway takes shape. Wynne. Alexandra. January 20, 2009. New Civil Engineer. August 2, 2009. May 15, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090515021205/http://www.nce.co.uk/fairytale-of-new-york-second-avenue-subway-takes-shape/1970428.article. dead.
  34. Web site: Metropolitan Transportation Authority. MTA.info. Newsletter February 2014. February 2014.
  35. Web site: 2nd Ave. subway project to receive $1.3B from gov't . Times Ledger. Philip. Newman . June 23, 2012 . May 15, 2014.
  36. Web site: Metropolitan Transportation Authority. MTA.info. Newsletter March 2013. March 2013.
  37. Web site: Creag . Katherine . Worker Trapped in Mud Beneath MTA Site Rescued After 4 Hours . NBC New York . March 20, 2013 . May 15, 2014.
  38. News: 'The mud just grabbed me and wouldn't release me': Rescued Second Ave. subway worker who spent four hours in cold upper East Side muck recovering . NY Daily News . March 20, 2013. May 15, 2014 . New York.
  39. Web site: MTA subway worker trapped in tunnel rescued – News . METRO Magazine . May 15, 2014.
  40. Most, Doug, The race underground : Boston, New York, and the incredible rivalry that built America's first subway, First edition, New York : St. Martin's Press, February 2014. .
  41. Web site: 96th Street Station Area. October 2013. Second Avenue Subway Newsletter. February 14, 2016.
  42. Web site: 96th Street Station Area. November 2013. Second Avenue Subway Newsletter. February 14, 2016.
  43. Web site: Photos: 2nd Avenue Subway Line Shows Shocking Signs Of Progress. November 5, 2013. Gothamist. Lauren Evans. May 15, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140205175328/http://gothamist.com/2013/11/05/photos_the_2nd_avenue_subway_statio.php. February 5, 2014. mdy-all.
  44. Web site: Watch the gap: see New York's biggest subway projects take shape. November 6, 2013. The Verge. May 15, 2014. Kastrenakes, Jacob.
  45. Web site: 2014 Q1 Quarterly Report. MTA.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
  46. Web site: New Photos Show Second Avenue Subway Stations Nearing Completion . Gothamist . April 27, 2015 . May 2, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150501202048/http://gothamist.com/2015/04/27/2nd_ave_subway_photos.php . May 1, 2015 . mdy-all .
  47. Web site: Metropolitan Transportation Authority. MTA.info. Community Board 8 Second Avenue Subway Task Force Update. April 21, 2016.
  48. Web site: Metropolitan Transportation Authority. MTA.info. May 2014 Newsletter. May 2014.
  49. Web site: Metropolitan Transportation Authority. MTA.info. June 2016 Newsletter. June 2016.
  50. News: Riders get sneak preview of 96th Street stop on Second Avenue Subway. December 22, 2016. ABC7 New York. en-US. December 23, 2016.
  51. News: Get a first look at the 2nd Avenue subway. am New York. December 23, 2016.
  52. Web site: McCowan . Candace . Decades in the making, Second Avenue Subway set to open to the public . ABC7 New York . December 31, 2016 . January 1, 2017.
  53. Web site: Fitzsimmons . Emma G. . Wolfe . Jonathan . Second Avenue Subway Opening: What to Know . The New York Times . January 1, 2017 . January 1, 2017.
  54. Web site: MTA to propose $1.5B to Phase 2 of 2nd Ave. subway construction. New York. Daily News. August 7, 2014 .
  55. News: Anger in East Harlem Over New Delays in 2nd Ave. Subway Plans. Fitzsimmons. Emma G.. October 29, 2015. The New York Times. November 3, 2015.
  56. Web site: Video: Explore The Abandoned Second Avenue Subway Tunnels. February 1, 2012. Gothamist. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20170309003159/http://gothamist.com/2012/02/01/video_inside_the_abandoned_second_a.php. March 9, 2017. mdy-all.
  57. News: New York City 2nd Ave Subway Phase 2 Profile. 2016-12-27. FTA. 2017-01-04. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20170105000123/https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/New_York_City_2nd_Ave_Subway_Phase_2_Profile.pdf. January 5, 2017. mdy-all.
  58. Web site: SUB-DIVISION B TRAIN OPERATOR/CONDUCTOR ROAD & NON-ROAD WORK PROGRAMS IN EFFECT: NOVEMBER 6, 2016. July 29, 2016. progressiveaction.info. New York City Transit. August 19, 2016.
  59. Web site: Putzier . Konrad . Real Estate Weekly » Blog Archive » Light at end of tunnel for Second Ave. subway . Rew-online.com . May 15, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170907034400/http://rew-online.com/2014/05/14/light-at-end-of-tunnel-for-second-ave-subway/ . September 7, 2017 . dead . mdy-all .
  60. Web site: Exclusive: Progress Moves Ahead For Phase One Of Second Avenue Subway « CBS New York . Newyork.cbslocal.com . May 1, 2014 . May 15, 2014.
  61. Web site: Tunneling Begins Under Second Avenue. May 14, 2010. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. June 28, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110606084216/http://mta.info/news/stories/?story=63. June 6, 2011. dead.
  62. Web site: A Subterranean Stroll Through NYC's Newest Train Tunnel . . May 2, 2014 . May 13, 2014 . Hession, Michael.
  63. Web site: Second Avenue Subway progress: Dec. 2016 end date on track. AM New York. Rivoli, Dan. May 1, 2014. May 14, 2014.
  64. Web site: Second Avenue Subway March 2014 Public Workshop Follow-Up Report, page 23. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. April 21, 2016.
  65. Web site: Wynne . Alexandra . Fairytale of New York – Second Avenue Subway takes shape | Features | New Civil Engineer . Nce.co.uk . January 20, 2009 . August 2, 2009 . May 15, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090515021205/http://www.nce.co.uk/fairytale-of-new-york-second-avenue-subway-takes-shape/1970428.article . dead .
  66. Web site: A Tour of NYC's Newest Subway Station With Its Architect. September 21, 2015. Curbed NY. September 24, 2015.
  67. Web site: MTA Capital Construction. apta.com. Second Avenue Subway — Past, Present & Future. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172747/http://www.apta.com/mc/multimodal/previous/2010/Presentations/Planning-for-the-Second-Avenue-Subway-From-Dream-to.pdf. September 23, 2015. mdy-all.
  68. Web site: Thorpe . Harriet . 2017-01-19 . AECOM-Arup completes the first phase of New York’s Second Avenue Subway expansion . 2024-07-31 . . en.
  69. News: Cooler Subways Coming Eventually. Donohue. Pete. August 4, 2006. New York Daily News. December 12, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20071010000252/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2006/08/04/2006-08-04_cooler_subways_coming__eventually.html. October 10, 2007. live.
  70. News: No Heel Hazards (or Gusts) as Subway Expands . New York Times . September 30, 2013 . May 5, 2014 . Roberts, Sam . New York.
  71. News: Second Avenue subway line construction is progressing: officials . . May 16, 2014 . May 19, 2014 . Nolan, Caitlin.
  72. Web site: Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration. NEW YORK CITY—Second Avenue Subway: MTA's Second Avenue Station and Tunnels Project.
  73. News: 2nd Ave. Subway Platforms May Get Glass Walls and Sliding Doors. Neuman. William. April 5, 2007. The New York Times. 0362-4331. January 12, 2017.
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