| Minorplanet: | yes |
| 943 Begonia | |
| Background: |
|
| Discovery Ref: |   |
| Discovered: | 20 October 1920 |
| Mpc Name: | (943) Begonia |
| Alt Names: | A920 UA1944 DM 1947 RC1977 FU 1920 HX |
| Named After: | Begonia  |
| Mp Category: | main-belt  background  |
| Orbit Ref: |   |
| Epoch: | 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5) |
| Uncertainty: | 0 |
| Observation Arc: | 99.21 yr (36,237 d) |
| Perihelion: | 2.4517 AU |
| Semimajor: | 3.1166 AU |
| Eccentricity: | 0.2133 |
| Period: | 5.50 yr (2,010 d) |
| Mean Motion: | / day |
| Inclination: | 12.108° |
| Asc Node: | 113.77° |
| Arg Peri: | 4.1314° |
| Mean Diameter: | |
| Albedo: | |
| Spectral Type: | |
| Abs Magnitude: | 9.8 |
943 Begonia is a large, carbonaceous background asteroid, approximately 70km (40miles) in diameter, from the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory on 20 October 1920 and given the provisional designations and . The dark C-type asteroid (Ch) has a rotation period of 15.7 hours. It was named after the genus of popular houseplants, Begonia.
Begonia is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.5–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,010 days; semi-major axis of 3.12 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg Observatory on 21 October 1920, the night after its official discovery observation.
This minor planet was named after the genus of tropical herbs, Begonia. These flowering plants belongs to the Begoniaceae family and are popular houseplants, widely cultivated as ornamentals. The was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 . Only a minority of minor planets are named after plants.
Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between and . This list also contained a, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).
In the SDSS-based taxonomy, Begonia is a common carbonaceous C-type asteroid, while in the Tholen classification, it is a stony S-type, somewhat similar to the dark and rare T-type asteroids. Alternatively, in the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), it is classified as an X-type in the survey's Tholen-like taxonomy, and as a hydrated carbonaceous Ch-subtype in the SMASS-like taxonomic variant (Bus–Binzel) of the survey.
In March 2005, a rotational lightcurve of Begonia was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomers Laurent Bernasconi, Raymond Poncy and Silvano Casulli. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of hours (0.6525 days) with a brightness variation of magnitude . An identical period of hours with an amplitude of magnitude was measured by their colleague René Roy in May 2011 . In February 2016, Jean-Paul Godard and Frédéric Bergero also determined a period of hours and an amplitude of magnitude .
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Begonia measures, and kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of, and, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results from IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0456 and a diameter of 69.21 km based on an absolute magnitude of 9.77.
Further published mean-diameters and albedos by the WISE team include,, and with corresponding albedos of,, and . An asteroid occultation on 25 March 2005, gave a best-fit ellipse dimension of 69.0 × 69.0 kilometers. These timed observations are taken when the asteroid passes in front of a distant star. However the quality of the measurement is poorly rated.
943 Begonia has been observed to occult 6 stars between 2005 and 2023.