93rd Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine) explained

Unit Name:93rd Separate Mechanized Brigade "Kholodnyi Yar"
Native Name:Ukrainian: 93-тя окрема механізована бригада «Холодний Яр»<br>93 okrema mekhanizovana bryhada "Kholodnyi Yar"
Dates:1 January 1992[1] - present
Size:3,000 (June 2023)[2]
Type:Mechanized infantry
Garrison:Cherkaske, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
Command Structure:Operational Command East[3]
Battles:
Nickname:'Kholodnyi Yar' (Official)
'Cyborgs' (Unofficial)[8]
Motto:"Never Backwards!"
Website:Official Facebook page
Current Commander:Col. Pavlo Palisa (2023 - present)[9]
Notable Commanders:Col. Ruslan Shevchuk (21 January 2021 - 2023)[10]
Identification Symbol Label:Field Insignia

The 93rd Separate Mechanized Brigade "Kholodnyi Yar" is a formation of the Ukrainian Ground Forces formed in 1992.[11] It has been described as "one of the most brutally effective" of Ukraine’s front-line brigades.[12]

By January 2023, Western analysts claimed that due to captured Russian and donated Western equipment and incorporation of local volunteer battalions into the units structure, the 93rd was the size of an armored division, being a mechanized brigade in name only. The brigade is named after the Kholodnyi Yar Republic, a Ukrainian partisan state during the Ukrainian War of Independence.

History

The brigade traces its history to the 93rd Guards Rifle Division of the Soviet Union's Red Army, formed at Valuki in April 1943 from 13th Guards and 92nd Rifle Brigades. The division fought at Kursk, Kharkiv, Budapest, and Prague, and was serving with the 53rd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front in May 1945.[13] After a period as a 35th Guards Mechanized Division, and then 35th Guards Motor Rifle Division 1957–65, the division was redesignated as the 93rd Guards Motor Rifle Division in 1965. It served with the Southern Group of Forces in Hungary during the last years of the Cold War,[14] and after the fall of the Berlin Wall was withdrawn to Ukraine from October 1990 to January 1991.

There it became part of the Ukrainian Ground Forces. In Decree 925/96(?), Colonel Anatoly Savatiovich Pushnyakov, Commander of the 93rd Mechanised Division of the 6th Army Corps, Southern Operational Command, Ukrainian Ground Forces, was promoted to Major General.

The division appears to have been redesignated a brigade after 1996 and before 1999.

Throughout 1999, the '93rd Motor Rifle Division' conducted a series of small unit and staff officer exchanges with the 40th Infantry Division of the California Army National Guard.[15]

On December 10, 2007, the Brigade received its Regimental Colour by the order of the President of Ukraine.The brigade fought in the war in Donbas, defending Donetsk International Airport during the Second Battle of Donetsk Airport alongside other units. Thus, they are one of the units considered as one of the "cyborgs".[16]

The brigade is now based in Pokrovsk.[17] On 18 November 2015 its honorifics "Twice Red Banner Orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov" were removed as part of an Armed Forces-wide removal of Soviet awards and honorifics, but not its Kharkiv battle honor,[18] given as a result of its participation in the 1943 Belgorod-Khar'kov Offensive Operation. On 22 August 2016 its Guards title was also removed.[19]

In honor of the centennial year of the Ukrainian War of Independence the brigade received its second honorific title, Kholodnyi Yar (Kholodnyi Yar was a pro-Ukrainian partisan self-proclaimed state that existed from 1919 to 1922), in 2018, and thus its Kharkiv battle honour was officially removed from the full title of the unit.[20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] A new colour was also received by the brigade command which differs from the maroon colour it received in 2007.

Participation in peacekeeping missions

In the recent history of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the 93rd Division became the first basic unit to train the first units of the peacekeeping forces. The 108th peacekeeping training center was established on the basis of the 112th Motorized Rifle Regiment of the division. Here were formed 15 rotations of the 240th battalion, which performed peacekeeping functions in the former Yugoslavia. On the basis of the 3rd Mechanized Battalion, the 71st Separate Mechanized Battalion was formed to be included in the 7th Separate Mechanized Brigade, which carried out the peacekeeping mission in Iraq in 2004–2005. It was disbanded at the end of training due to the decision to reduce the contingent. A few of its personnel were sent to replenish the 73rd Battalion.[27] Soldiers also served in peacekeeping operations in Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Lebanon.

Russo-Ukrainian War

See main article: Russo-Ukrainian War.

War in Donbas

The brigade was deployed in the war in Donbas against the Russian army and its proxy forces. The unit fought on the frontlines from 2014 to 2016 before being recalled in March 2016. During this period, 138 soldiers were killed in action, over 1,000 were wounded, and 9 soldiers were held as prisoners of war.[28] The brigade was involved in the battle of Ilovaisk, Avdiivka, the defence of Donetsk airport, the defence of Marinka, and the defence of Pisky.[29] A documentary, , was made by Ukrainian director Lidia Guzhva about the brigade's role in the war, constructed primarily from videos made by members of the brigade themselves, as well as interviews with members of the brigade.[30]

The brigade returned to the frontline. On 19 July 2016 an IFV of the brigade detonated an IED, killing two soldiers.[31]

In June 2017 the brigade moved deeper into the disputed area near the village of Krymske and set up fortifications there "to exert stricter fire control over the enemy, and provides for a better defense."[32]

2022 Russian invasion

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the brigade was involved in on the northern front. On the first day of the invasion, the brigade captured two members of Russia's 423rd Guards Yampolsky Motor Rifle Regiment.[33] The 93rd Brigade was involved in the defense of Okhtyrka in the Sumy Oblast from 24 February,[5] [34] and retook the nearby city of Trostianets, also in the Sumy Oblast, on 26 March, after the retreat of the elite Russian 4th Guards Tank Division.[35] [36] [37]

Later in the war the 93rd Mechanized Brigade was tasked with the defense of Barvinkove in the Kharkiv Oblast; it was forced out of the villages of Zavody and Velyka Komyshuvakha by Russian troops.[34] [5] In August 2022, the brigade liberated the village of Mazanivka southwest of Izium and was noted by journalist David Axe for being one of the few Ukrainian formations actively liberating Russian-occupied territory.[38]

By September 2022, the brigade participated in the 2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive specifically moving against the Operational Group of Russian Forces Izium's vulnerable left flank. The Russian Ministry of Defence announced that Russian forces in the Izium region were "pulled out" to reinforce the Donbas. Following this, the city's mayor, Valeriy Marchenko, stated during a September 10 interview that "Izium was liberated today."[39]

In October 2022, the 93rd Mechanized Brigade left Izium for the battle of Bakhmut holding the northern sector of the besieged city while the 58th Motorized Infantry Brigade held the south counterattacking assaults by Russian Wagner Group mercenaries. The brigade recaptured the M03 and M06 highways east of Bakhmut. Heavy casualties have been reported on both sides for units participating in the battle and the 93rd was rotated out of the front and replaced with other units.[40]

Brigade Order of Battle

1997

2007

Structure

As of 2024, the brigade's structure is as follows:[43]

Awards

Traditions

Anniversaries

Until August 22, 2018, the brigade celebrated its anniversary on May 10, considered the day of creation of the brigade.[46]

Since 2018, August 22 is considered the anniversary, the day when the brigade was awarded the honorary name "Kholodny Yar" by Presidential Decree No. 232/2018 and a new colour was presented.[47]

Symbolics

On January 22, 2018, Roman Donik announced his intention to give the brigade the honorary name "Kholodny Yar", in honor of the historical area with a long military history.[48] [49] [50] [51]

Also, as part of updating the brigade symbols, the anthem of the military unit was changed. The words for the new song were written by a soldier of the press service of the 93rd OMBr, junior sergeant Vlad "Zmiy" Sord,[52] and Serhii Vasylyuk, the frontman of the Ukrainian band "Shadow of the Sun", who wrote the music and set Stafiychuk's poem to it.

On May 10, 2018, the brigade was presented with and consecrated an honorary banner to the new honorary name "Kholodny Yar".[53] [54] This is only the second time in the history of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, after the 24th mechanized brigade, when a brigade received an honorary (motivational) flag in addition to the official battle flag.[55] [56]

In July 2018, it was announced that knives with the brigade's insignia would be developed for distinguished soldiers.[57]

By Decree of the President of Ukraine dated August 22, 2018, No. 232/2018, the brigade was given the honorary name "Kholodny Yar". Before that, the brigade had the honorary name "Kharkivska".[58] [59]

On August 24, 2018, before the start of the military parade in honor of the 27th anniversary of the Independence of Ukraine, the commander of the 93rd Separate Mechanized Brigade "Kholodny Yar", Colonel Vladyslav Klochkov, received a new battle flag from the President of Ukraine, Petro Poroshenko.[60]

On February 23, 2019, the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Viktor Muzhenko, approved the new emblem of the brigade.[61]

On May 6, 2022, the brigade was awarded the honorary award "For Honor and Courage".[62]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Axe . David . One Of Ukraine’s Meanest Mechanized Brigades Just Joined The Southern Counteroffensive . Forbes . 2023-06-15 . 2024-01-08.
  2. Web site: Axe . David . One Of Ukraine’s Meanest Mechanized Brigades Just Joined The Southern Counteroffensive . Forbes . 2023-06-15 . 2024-01-08.
  3. Web site: Axe . David . The Swedish CV-90 Might Be Ukraine’s Best Fighting Vehicle. It Seems Another Brigade Is Getting Copies. . Forbes . 2023-08-31 . 2024-01-08.
  4. Web site: "The freedom to Ukraine – or death": how the 93rd Independent Kholodnyi Yar Mechanized Brigade continues the war of its ancestors :: Svidomi . svidomi.in.ua . 2022-10-14 . 2024-01-08.
  5. Web site: Uliana . Hentosh . "New fire from Kholodnyi Yar." How the 93rd Brigade fights • Ukraїner . Ukraїner . 2023-11-08 . 2024-01-08.
  6. Web site: Zelenskiy / Official .
  7. Web site: One of Ukraine's Meanest Mechanized Brigades Just Joined the Southern Counteroffensive . .
  8. Web site: Полоненого "кіборга" побили "мирні" жителі Донецька. Ukrainian National Information Agency News (UNN). All online daily news in Ukraine today - fresh, recent, major.. 2016-01-09. The captured "cyborg" was beaten by "peaceful" residents of Donetsk. 2016-01-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20160127102143/http://www.unn.com.ua/uk/news/1429065-polonenogo-kiborga-pobili-mirni-zhiteli-donetska. live.
  9. Web site: Umerov, command of 93rd mechanized brigade discuss specifics of using drones . ukrinform.net . 2023-10-08 . 2024-01-08.
  10. Web site: Славетну бригаду "Холодний Яр" очолив полковник Руслан Шевчук . armyinform.com.ua . 2022-01-21 . uk . 2024-01-08.
  11. Web site: Axe . David . One Of Ukraine’s Meanest Mechanized Brigades Just Joined The Southern Counteroffensive . Forbes . 2023-06-15 . 2024-01-08.
  12. News: . October 25, 2022 . A Fierce Ukrainian Mechanized Brigade Is Routing Russian Mercenaries In One Symbolic Eastern Town . Forbes .
  13. Poirer and Connor, Red Army Order of Battle
  14. Michael Holm/V.I.Feskov et al., 93rd Guards Motorised Rifle Division, 2015.
  15. Globalsecurity.org, Ukrainian National Guard
  16. Web site: Полоненого "кіборга" побили "мирні" жителі Донецька. Ukrainian National Information Agency News (UNN). All online daily news in Ukraine today - fresh, recent, major.. 2016-01-09. The captured "cyborg" was beaten by "peaceful" residents of Donetsk. 2016-01-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20160127102143/http://www.unn.com.ua/uk/news/1429065-polonenogo-kiborga-pobili-mirni-zhiteli-donetska. live.
  17. News: Kiev's Calls for Restraint Frustrate Ukraine's Front-Line Fighters. Wall Street Journal. 2016-02-24. 0099-9660. Julian E.. Barnes. 22 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160222180554/http://www.wsj.com/articles/kievs-calls-for-restraint-frustrate-ukraines-front-line-fighters-1456159904.
  18. Web site: УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №646/2015. 21 November 2015. President of Ukraine. uk. Ukaz President of Ukraine No. 646/2015. 14 August 2016. 31 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160831090416/http://www.president.gov.ua/documents/6462015-19568. live.
  19. News: УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №344/2016. 22 August 2016. 17 February 2017. President of Ukraine. uk. Ukaz of the President of Ukraine No. 344/2016. 17 January 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170117180759/http://www.president.gov.ua/documents/3442016-20457. live.
  20. Web site: 93-я окрема механізована бригада ЗС України отримає почесне ім'я "Холодний Яр" . 2018-01-22 . . 22 April 2018 . 2018-04-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180423033755/https://www.ukrmilitary.com/2018/01/honory-names-of-93rd-brigade.html . live .
  21. Web site: 93-тя окрема механізована бригада ЗСУ отримає почесне найменування "Холодний Яр" . 2018-01-22 . . 22 January 2018 . 2018-01-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180126214620/http://procherk.info/news/7-cherkassy/59835-93-a-okrema-mehanizovana-brigada-zsu-otrimae-pochesne-najmenuvannja-holodnij-jar . live .
  22. Web site: "Холодний Яр": почесна назва 93 бригади . 2018-01-22 . mil.in.ua . . 22 January 2018 . 2018-01-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072351/http://mil.in.ua/holodnyy-yar-pochesna-nazva-93-bryhady/ . live .
  23. Web site: 93-тя бригада ЗСУ отримає почесне найменування "Холодний Яр", нові нарукавні знаки та бойове знамено . 2018-01-22 . . 22 January 2018 . 2018-01-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072513/https://tsn.ua/ukrayina/93-a-brigada-zsu-otrimaye-pochesne-naymenuvannya-holodniy-yar-novi-shevroni-ta-boyoviy-prapor-1092280.html?g=article&m=400342745 . live .
  24. http://milnavigator.com.ua/93-омбр-зсу-стане-холодноярською-фото/ 93 ОМБр ЗСУ стане Холодноярською. ФОТО
  25. News: Королівська піхота і танковий кулак: як змінюють символи армії України . 2017-11-14 . BBC News . 17 May 2018 . 2019-03-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190331000958/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features-41973466 . live .
  26. Web site: Почесні стяги поруч з бойовими. ССО і бригада короля Данила отримали "брендову" символіку . 2017-10-15 . . 17 May 2018 . 2018-05-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180517152947/https://novynarnia.com/2017/10/15/pochesni-styagi-poruch-z-boyovimi-sso-i-brigada-korolya-danila-otrimali-brendovu-simvoliku/ . live .
  27. Web site: 7 окрема механізована бригада . 24 February 2015 . 2022-09-01.
  28. Web site: Ukrainian infantry brigade returns home after nearly two years on the frontline. Ukraine Today. 2016-06-26. 2016-03-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20160315212406/http://uatoday.tv/politics/ukrainian-infantry-brigade-returns-home-after-nearly-two-years-on-the-frontline-610062.html. live.
  29. News: Nathan . Adam . The 93rd brigade: Part of the Red Army in WWII, it now fights against Russian-backed separatists . https://web.archive.org/web/20210223104621/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/93rd-brigade-part-red-army-wwii-it-now-fights-against-pro-russian-separatists-10318530.html . 2021-02-23 . limited . live . 15 April 2021 . The Independent . 13 June 2015.
  30. News: Sokolynska . Olena . Soldiers Tell About Ukrainian-Russian War . 15 April 2021 . Kharkiv Observer . 3 April 2018 . 15 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210415073605/http://kharkivobserver.com/soldiers-tell-about-ukrainian-russian-war/ . live .
  31. News: Donbas death toll rises: Ukraine reports 7 KIA, 14 WIA in 24 hours. 19 July 2016. UNIAN. 24 July 2016. 20 July 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160720212253/http://www.unian.info/war/1425818-donbas-death-toll-rises-ukraine-reports-7-kia-14-wia-in-24-hours.html. live.
  32. https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/ukrainian-combat-units-advance-near-frontline-town-krymske.html Ukrainian combat units advance near frontline town of Krymske
  33. Web site: Путін атакував Україну: всі подробиці про нове російське вторгнення. Новини.live. uk. 2022-02-24. 2022-02-26.
  34. Web site: Залишилася дружина та маленькі діти: вшануймо хвилиною мовчання військовослужбовця Андрія Ніколайчука . 19 September 2022 . 20 September 2022 . 20 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172340/https://freeradio.com.ua/zalyshylasia-druzhyna-ta-malenki-dity-vshanuimo-khvylynoiu-movchannia-viiskovosluzhbovtsia-andriia-nikolaichuka/ . live .
  35. News: 'This is True Barbarity': Life and Death Under Russian Occupation . The New York Times . 3 April 2022 . Gibbons-Neff . Thomas . Yermak . Natalia . Hicks . Tyler .
  36. News: Reuter . Christoph . 2022-03-29 . (S+) Ukraine: Wie die Stadt Trostjanez nach vier Wochen von den Russen befreit wurde . de . Der Spiegel . 2022-03-29 . 2195-1349 . 2022-03-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220329114530/https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/ukraine-wie-die-stadt-trostjanez-nach-vier-wochen-von-den-russen-befreit-wurde-a-74075128-0bdd-4841-9724-90e47d69ad3f . live .
  37. Web site: 2022-03-30 . Russians leave behind wreckage, hunger in Ukraine town of Trostyanets . 2022-03-30 . France 24 . . en . 2022-03-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220330200242/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220330-russians-leave-behind-wreckage-hunger-in-ukraine-town-of-trostyanets . live .
  38. Web site: Axe . David . Ukraine's 93rd Mechanized Brigade Just Liberated A Village From The Russians . 2022-12-18 . Forbes . en.
  39. News: Gibbons-Neff . Thomas . Santora . Marc . 2022-09-10 . Ukrainian Offensive Seen as Reshaping the War's Contours . en-US . The New York Times . 2022-09-11 . 0362-4331.
  40. Web site: Anonym . The Armed Forces explained whether the 93rd brigade is really leaving Bakhmut . 2022-12-19 . www.txtreport.com . en.
  41. Web site: Новини Управління Прес-служби МО . 2007-10-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110607174632/http://www.mil.gov.ua/index.php?lang=ua&part=news&sub=read&id=6918 . 2011-06-07 .
  42. Web site: Новини Управління Прес-служби МО. 2007-12-24. 2011-06-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20110607181512/http://www.mil.gov.ua/index.php?lang=ua&part=news&sub=read&id=10959. live.
  43. Web site: Sirdo . 2023-09-11 . 93rd Separate Mechanized Brigade . 2024-05-20 . The ORBAT Cave.
  44. Web site: President.Gov.Ua>. https://web.archive.org/web/20140822155637/http://www.president.gov.ua/documents/4627.html. August 22, 2014.
  45. Web site: Новини Управління Прес-служби МО. 2007-12-10. 2011-06-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20110607181452/http://www.mil.gov.ua/index.php?lang=ua&part=news&sub=read&id=10860. live.
  46. Web site: http://tyzhden.ua/Society/213688. uk:Комбриг 93-ї ОМБр Владислав Клочков: "Ми ведемо посилену підготовку особового складу до наступальних, рейдових дій". Владислав Клочков. 10 May 2018. uk:Тиждень . 10 May 2018. 10 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180510173717/http://tyzhden.ua/Society/213688. live . uk.
  47. https://novynarnia.com/2018/12/13/93ombr/ «Бригада, що робить з людини Воїна». 93 омбр представила гімн і відцуралася від спадку СРСР. ВІДЕО
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  49. Web site: 93-тя окрема механізована бригада ЗСУ отримає почесне найменування "Холодний Яр". 2018-01-22. Прочерк. 22 January 2018. 2018-01-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20180126214620/http://procherk.info/news/7-cherkassy/59835-93-a-okrema-mehanizovana-brigada-zsu-otrimae-pochesne-najmenuvannja-holodnij-jar. live.
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  56. Web site: Чорний Ворон 93-ї бригади відтепер й на техніці. 2018-05-25. Ukrainian Military Pages. 25 May 2018. 2018-05-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20180526185824/https://www.ukrmilitary.com/2018/05/new-sign-93mehbde-on-combat-vehicles.html. live.
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  58. Decree of the President of Ukraine from 22 серпня 2018 year № 232/2018 «Про присвоєння почесних найменувань військовим частинам Збройних Сил України та уточнення деяких найменувань»
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  60. https://www.0569.com.ua/news/2137089/93-ta-brigada-otrimala-novij-bojovij-prapor 93-тя бригада отримала новий бойовий прапор
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  62. Web site: УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №315/2022 Про відзначення почесною відзнакою "За мужність та відвагу". 2022-08-03. 2022-07-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20220705162459/https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/3152022-42441. live.

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