 Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine | |
| Chamber1 Leader2 Type: | First Deputy |
| Chamber1 Leader3 Type: | Deputy |
The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the 8th convocation (uk|Верховна Рада України VIII скликання, Ukrainian: Verkhovna Rada Ukrayiny VIII sklykannia) was a convocation of the legislative branch of the Verkhovna Rada, Ukraine's unicameral parliament. The 8th convocation met at the Verkhovna Rada building in Kyiv, having begun its term on 27 November 2014 following the last session of the 7th Verkhovna Rada. Its five-year term came to an end on July 24, 2019, marking the end of its tenth session.[1]
The 8th Verkhovna Rada's composition was based upon the results of the October 26, 2014 parliamentary election,[2] which was contested eight months after the 2014 Ukrainian revolution which saw the overthrow of the Yanukovych regime. Ukraine's head of state during the parliament's term is President Petro Poroshenko. Eleven parties were represented in the Verkhovna Rada, although only six of them surpassed the mandatory five percent election threshold to gain representation based upon the proportional representation system.
On the first day of the parliament's session, five of the parliament's pro-European parties, the Petro Poroshenko Bloc, People's Front, Self Reliance, Fatherland, and Radical Party, signed a coalition agreement. Per the coalition agreement, the convocation of parliament was tasked with passing major reforms to ensure Ukrainian membership in European institutions such as the European Union and NATO, while dealing with the threat of further Russian aggression in the Donbass.
President Volodomyr Zelensky dissolved the 8th Verkovna Rada on 21 May 2019.[3]
Prior to the parliament's official swearing-in ceremony, Volodymyr Groisman was the chairman of the parliament's preparatory deputy group, with Oksana Syroyid as deputy, and Pavlo Pynzenyk as the secretary.[4] Two deputies, Vitali Klitschko, and Ihor Palytsia rejected their parliamentary mandates to remain in office as Mayor of Kyiv and Governor of Odesa Oblast, respectfully.[5] Meanwhile, the parliament's preparatory deputy group adopted a resolution which accepted Nadiya Savchenko's handwritten letter stating that she accepted her parliamentary mandate. Savchenko was held captive by the Russian government from June 2014 until May 2016, after being abducted during the pro-Russian unrest.[6]
A total of 27 constituencies were not elected due to various events taking place in the country. A total of 10 constituencies in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and two in the City of Sevastopol were not elected due to the 2014 Crimean crisis and subsequent annexation of Crimea by Russia, while a further nine constituencies in Donetsk Oblast and six constituencies in Luhansk Oblast were not elected due to the ongoing War in Donbass. Elections in these regions can only take place after the re-introduction of Ukrainian control over these territories.
On November 27, 2014, the parliament elected Volodymyr Groysman from the Petro Poroshenko Bloc as the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada.[13] The parliament's chairman, first deputy chairman, and deputy chairman are all unaffiliated people's deputies according to parliamentary procedure. Oksana Syroyid is the first woman to ever hold a deputy chairman position in the Verkhovna Rada.[14]
| Office | MP | Vote | Since | Parliamentary affiliation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chairman | Volodymyr Groysman | 359–0–3 | 27 November 2014[15] | Non-affiliated | ||
| First Deputy Chairman | Andriy Parubiy | 313–23–4[16] | 2 December 2014 | |||
| Deputy Chairwoman | Oksana Syroyid | |||||
| Faction leader(s) | Yuriy Lutsenko | 27 November 2014 | Petro Poroshenko Bloc | |||
| Oleksandr Turchynov | People's Front | |||||
| Yuriy Boyko | Opposition Bloc | |||||
| Oleh Bereziuk | Self Reliance | |||||
| Oleh Lyashko | Radical Party of Oleh Lyashko | |||||
| Yulia Tymoshenko | All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" | |||||
| Group leader(s) | Ihor Yeremeyev | People's Will | ||||
| Vitaliy Khomutynnik | Revival | |||||
| Office | MP | Vote | Since | Parliamentary affiliation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chairman | Andriy Parubiy | 284-30-9[17] | 14 April 2016 | Non-affiliated | ||
| First Deputy Chairwoman | Iryna Herashchenko | 260-4-20 | 14 April 2016 | |||
| Deputy Chairwoman | Oksana Syroyid | 2 December 2014 | ||||
| Faction leader(s) | Ihor Hryniv | 17 May 2016 | Petro Poroshenko Bloc | |||
| Maksym Burbak | 3 July 2015 | People's Front | ||||
| Yuriy Boyko | 27 November 2014 | Opposition Bloc | ||||
| Oleh Bereziuk | Self Reliance | |||||
| Oleh Lyashko | Radical Party of Oleh Lyashko | |||||
| Yulia Tymoshenko | All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" | |||||
| Group leader(s) | Ihor Yeremeyev | People's Will | ||||
| Vitaliy Khomutynnik | Revival | |||||
See main article: List of members of the 8th Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada.
Since November 28, 2014, the 8th Verkhovna Rada consists of a total of 420 people's deputies, which belong to one of six political party factions, two parliamentary groups, or the 38 unaffiliated people's deputies.[18] For the first time in Ukrainian history, the Communist Party has failed to gain representation in the Verkhovna Rada.[19]
Meanwhile, the Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform (UDAR), which had 40 seats in the previous parliament's convocation, did not participate in the election independently. For the 2014 parliamentary election, UDAR merged their electoral lists with that of the Petro Poroshenko Bloc, being allocated 30 percent of bloc's electoral list.[20]
A large portion of the 8th Verkhovna Rada are freshman people's deputies who did not have any prior legislative service.[21] This convocation of parliament also has the largest representation of women in the Ukrainian parliament for the first time in history. While the women participation rate in parliament is lower than the 25.3 percent average of the OSCE member states,[22] 49 of the deputies in parliament are women (approximately 12 percent).[21]
Out of the newly elected deputies, 410 of them possess an academic degree; a further 144 deputies possess two or more such degrees.[21] Fifty-four deputies are currently candidates for doctoral sciences, while 27 of them already possess a doctoral degree.[21] The oldest member of parliament is the Opposition Bloc's Yukhym Zvyahilsky, who was elected from a constituency seat in northern Donetsk.
Bold indicates majority caucus.
(Shading indicates majority caucus) | Total | Vacant | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petro Poroshenko Bloc | People's Front | Opposition Bloc | Self Reliance | Radical Party | Fatherland | Revival | People's Will | Non-affiliated | |||
| DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | 1 | 86 | 41 | 35 | 93 | 445 | 5 | |
| Seats won in 2014 election[23] | 132 | 82 | 29 | 33 | 22 | 19 | DNP | DNP | 96 | 423 | 27 |
| November 27, 2014 [24] [25] | 145 | 83 | 40 | 32 | 19 | 20 | 38 | 418 | 32 | ||
| December 2, 2014[26] | 147 | 420 | 30 | ||||||||
| February 5, 2015 | 150 | 82 | 31 | 21 | 18 | 42 | 422 | 28 | |||
| June 24, 2015 | 144 | 81 | 43 | 22 | 19 | 422 | 28 | ||||
| October 22, 2015 | 142 | 26 | 20 | 48 | 422 | 28 | |||||
| February 13, 2016 | 136 | 23 | 53 | 422 | 28 | ||||||
| April 11, 2016 | 141 | 47 | 422 | 28 | |||||||
| April 12, 2016 | 145 | 19 | 44 | 422 | 28 | ||||||
| July 19, 2016 | 142 | 42 | 422 | 28 | |||||||
| September 21, 2016 | 143 | 21 | 46 | 422 | 28 | ||||||
| December 23, 2016[27] | 142 | 20 | 24 | 18 | 48 | 422 | 28 | ||||
| September 10, 2017 | 138 | 20 | 17 | 51 | 422 | 28 | |||||
| July 31, 2017 | 135 | 25 | 24 | 19 | 55 | 422 | 28 | ||||
| November 22, 2018 | 135 | 38 | 60 | 422 | 28 | ||||||
| Latest voting share | |||||||||||
See main article: Second Yatsenyuk Government and Groysman government.
On November 21, 2014, the Petro Poroshenko Bloc, People's Front, Self Reliance, Fatherland, and Radical Party signed a coalition agreement.[28] The coalition consists of a total of 302 deputies, which is more than the constitutional majority required by the constitution. The coalition agreement prioritized on a number of key points, namely:[29] [30]
Meanwhile, the parliamentary opposition consists of the Opposition Bloc faction, People's Will, and Revival. The Opposition Bloc represents politicians from the Party of Regions, which formed the Second Azarov Government and the majority caucus in parliament after the 2012 elections.
On May 17, 2019, People's Front exited the ruling coalition in order to prevent the incoming President from dissolving the parliament ahead of schedule.[31] [32]
On December 4, 2014, the Verkhovna Rada approved the composition of its 27 committees and one special control commission.[33] [34] On December 11, 2014, parliament voted in favor of recalling all of the deputies who voted for the January 16 "dictatorship laws" of the previous convocation from their positions in committee leadership. Deputy Chairman Oksana Syroyid proposed this measure, which was adopted with 264 votes in favor.[35]
On December 11, 2014, the Yatsenyuk Government presented its course of action for the following year. It was proposed that the number of deputies in parliament be decreased to 150. According to estimates, adopting such a constitutional amendment would save million annually (approx. million).[36] As part of a separate reform effort, the governing coalition proposed removing parliamentary immunity for deputies.
In the Verkhovna Rada, impersonal voting (referred to as button pushing, from the uk|"кнопкодавство") has been a serious problem in parliament for many years. The deputies of the current convocation to vote impersonally have already been recognized less than a week into parliament's first session.[37] Members of the nationalist Svoboda political party, which was elected into the parliament's previous convocation, proposed making deputies criminally liable for impersonal voting and banning them from holding any future parliamentary mandates.[38] Members from the coalition's Petro Poroshenko Bloc have also recognized the need to ban impersonal voting.[39] [40]