| 8 cm Raketen-Vielfachwerfer | |
| Origin: | Nazi Germany |
| Type: | Multiple rocket launcher |
| Is Ranged: | yes |
| Is Explosive: | yes |
| Is Artillery: | yes |
| Service: | 1943–1945 |
| Used By: | Nazi Germany |
| Wars: | World War II |
| Production Date: | 1943–1945 |
| Number: | 300[1] |
| Variants: | 24 or 48 round launcher |
| Weight: | Loaded: 6853kg (15,108lb) Empty: 6200kg (13,700lb)[2] |
| Crew: | 6 |
| Cartridge: | 0.72m (02.36feet) |
| Cartridge Weight: | 6.9kg (15.2lb) |
| Caliber: | 78mm |
| Velocity: | 290m/s |
| Max Range: | 5.3km (03.3miles) |
| Elevation: | 0° to +37° |
| Traverse: | 360° |
| Filling Weight: | 0.6kg (01.3lb) |
The 8 cm Raketen-Vielfachwerfer was a German rocket launcher of the Second World War. The launcher was a near-copy of the Soviet BM-8 Katyusha rocket launcher produced under the influence of the Waffen SS.
The Soviet BM-8 Katyusha rocket launchers first encountered during Operation Barbarossa left a big impression on the invading Germans. Proposals to copy the Katyusha for German use were soon made but there wasn't much spare industrial capacity available for new projects. There also wasn't a great deal of enthusiasm for the project because the German Army had already committed to the production of spin-stabilized rocket systems such as the 15 cm Nebelwerfer 41.[2]
Since the Waffen-SS was the military wing of the Nazi Party it was often in competition with the German armed forces (Wehrmacht) for resources. The Waffen-SS often used its political influence to create its own network of suppliers outside the influence of the Wehrmacht to supply its troops. A product of this competition for resources was the 8 cm Raketen-Vielfachwerfer which was almost a direct copy of the BM-8 and often armed Waffen-SS units.[2]
The launcher consisted of two rows of parallel perforated steel rails which the rockets were mounted on. The launch rails could launch either German or captured Russian rockets.[1] The rails were then mounted on tubular steel frames on a variety of vehicles. Two of the most common mounts were an armored SOMUA MCL (German designation Raketenwerfer S303 (f) auf SOMUA MCL) a French half-track artillery tractor modified by Alfred Becker for use by the Wehrmacht or a German Sd.Kfz. 4 half-track truck.[2]
The rocket - the 8 cm Raketen Sprenggranate - was a simple cordite fueled, fin-stabilized, 78mm diameter, high-explosive rocket patterned closely on the Russian M-8. The body was simple and inexpensive to produce due to the use of stamped sheet metal components, unlike the more expensive machined venturis used by spin-stabilized rockets.[2] The fins of the 8 cm Raketen Sprenggranate differed from the M-8 and were mounted at 2° to impart spin to improve accuracy.[3]
| Soviet | German | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Diameter: | 82mm | 78mm | |
| Length: | 600abbr=onNaNabbr=on | 724mm | |
| Total weight: | 6.8kg (15lb) | 6.9kg (15.2lb) | |
| Fuel weight: | 1.1kg (02.4lb) | 1.9kg (04.2lb) | |
| Explosive content: | 0.64kg (01.41lb) | 0.6kg (01.3lb) | |
| Speed: | 340m/s | 290m/s | |
| Range: | 5.9km (03.7miles) | 5.3km (03.3miles) |