April 8 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 217  - Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.^[1]
• 876  - The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.^[2]
• 1139  - Roger II of Sicily is excommunicated by Innocent II for supporting Anacletus II as pope for seven years, even though Roger had already publicly recognized Innocent's claim to the papacy.^[3]
• 1232  - Mongol–Jin War: The Mongols begin their siege on Kaifeng, the capital of the Jin dynasty.^[4]
• 1250  - Seventh Crusade: Ayyubids of Egypt capture King Louis IX of France in the Battle of Fariskur.^[5]
• 1271  - In Syria, sultan Baibars conquers the Krak des Chevaliers.^[6]

1601–1900

• 1605  - The city of Oulu, Finland, is founded by Charles IX of Sweden.^[7]
• 1730  - Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in continental North America, is dedicated.^[8]
• 1812  - Czar Alexander I, the Russian Emperor and the Grand Duke of Finland, officially announces the transfer of the status of the Finnish capital from Turku to Helsinki.^{[9] [10]}
• 1820  - The Venus de Milo is discovered on the Aegean island of Milos.^[11]
• 1832  - Black Hawk War: Around 300 United States 6th Infantry troops leave St. Louis, Missouri to fight the Sauk Native Americans.^[12]
• 1866  - Austro-Prussian War: Italy and Prussia sign a secret alliance against the Austrian Empire.^[13]
• 1886  - William Ewart Gladstone introduces the first Irish Home Rule Bill into the British House of Commons.^[14]
• 1895  - In Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. the Supreme Court of the United States declares unapportioned income tax to be unconstitutional.^[15]

1901–present

• 1904  - The French Third Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland sign the Entente cordiale.^[16]
• 1906  - Auguste Deter, the first person to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, dies.
• 1908  - Harvard University votes to establish the Harvard Business School.
• 1911  - Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovers superconductivity.
• 1913  - The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, requiring direct election of Senators, becomes law.
• 1918  - World War I: Actors Douglas Fairbanks and Charlie Chaplin sell war bonds on the streets of New York City's financial district.
• 1924  - Sharia courts are abolished in Turkey, as part of Atatürk's Reforms.
• 1929  - Indian independence movement: At the Delhi Central Assembly, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt throw handouts and bombs to court arrest.
• 1935  - The Works Progress Administration is formed when the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 becomes law.
• 1940  - The Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party elects Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal as General Secretary, marking the beginning of his 44-year-long tenure as de facto leader of Mongolia.^[17]
• 1942  - World War II: The Japanese take Bataan in the Philippines.
• 1943  - U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in an attempt to check inflation, freezes wages and prices, prohibits workers from changing jobs unless the war effort would be aided thereby, and bars rate increases by common carriers and public utilities.
• 1943  - Otto and Elise Hampel are executed in Berlin for their anti-Nazi activities.
• 1945  - World War II: After an air raid accidentally destroys a train carrying about 4,000 Nazi concentration camp internees in Prussian Hanover, the survivors are massacred by Nazis.
• 1946  - Électricité de France, the world's largest utility company, is formed as a result of the nationalisation of a number of electricity producers, transporters and distributors.
• 1950  - India and Pakistan sign the Liaquat–Nehru Pact.
• 1952  - U.S. President Harry Truman calls for the seizure of all domestic steel mills in an attempt to prevent the 1952 steel strike.
• 1953  - Mau Mau leader Jomo Kenyatta is convicted by British Kenya's rulers.
• 1954  - A Royal Canadian Air Force Canadair Harvard collides with a Trans-Canada Airlines Canadair North Star over Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, killing 37 people.
• 1954  - South African Airways Flight 201: A de Havilland DH.106 Comet 1 crashes into the sea during night killing 21 people.
• 1959  - A team of computer manufacturers, users, and university people led by Grace Hopper meets to discuss the creation of a new programming language that would be called COBOL.
• 1959  - The Organization of American States drafts an agreement to create the Inter-American Development Bank.
• 1960  - The Netherlands and West Germany sign an agreement to negotiate the return of German land annexed by the Dutch in return for 280 million German marks as Wiedergutmachung.
• 1968  - BOAC Flight 712 catches fire shortly after takeoff. As a result of her actions in the accident, Barbara Jane Harrison is awarded a posthumous George Cross, the only GC awarded to a woman in peacetime.
• 1970  - Bahr El-Baqar primary school bombing: Israeli bombers strike an Egyptian school. Forty-six children are killed.
• 1974  - Hank Aaron passes Babe Ruth as the all-time leader in career home runs by hitting his 715th home run off of Al Downing at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium.^[18]
• 1975  - Frank Robinson manages the Cleveland Indians in his first game as major league baseball's first African American manager.
• 1987  - Los Angeles Dodgers executive Al Campanis resigns amid controversy over racist remarks he had made while on Nightline.
• 1992  - Retired tennis great Arthur Ashe announces that he has AIDS, acquired from blood transfusions during one of his two heart surgeries.

• 1993  - The Republic of North Macedonia joins the United Nations.
• 1993  - The Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on mission STS-56.
• 2002  - The Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched on mission STS-110, carrying the S0 truss to the International Space Station. Astronaut Jerry L. Ross also becomes the first person to fly on seven spaceflights.^[19]
• 2004  - War in Darfur: The Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement is signed by the Sudanese government, the Justice and Equality Movement, and the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army.
• 2005  - A solar eclipse occurs, visible over areas of the Pacific Ocean and Latin American countries such as Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela.^[20]
• 2006  - Shedden massacre: The bodies of eight men, all shot to death, are found in a field in Shedden, Elgin County, Ontario. The murders are soon linked to the Bandidos Motorcycle Club.
• 2008  - The construction of the world's first skyscraper to integrate wind turbines is completed in Bahrain.
• 2010  - U.S. President Barack Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev sign the New START Treaty.^[21]
• 2013  - The Islamic State of Iraq enters the Syrian Civil War and begins by declaring a merger with the Al-Nusra Front under the name Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham.
• 2014  - Windows XP reaches its standard End Of Life and is no longer supported.^[22]
• 2020  - Bernie Sanders ends his presidential campaign, leaving Joe Biden as the Democratic Party's nominee.^[23]
• 2024  - Solar eclipse of April 8, 2024: A total solar eclipse takes place at the Moon's ascending node, visible across North America.^[24]

Births

Pre-1600

• 1320  - Peter I of Portugal (d. 1367)
• 1408  - Jadwiga of Lithuania, Polish princess (d. 1431)
• 1435  - John Clifford, 9th Baron de Clifford, English noble (d. 1461)^[25]
• 1533  - Claudio Merulo, Italian organist and composer (d. 1604)^[26]
• 1536  - Barbara of Hesse (d. 1597)
• 1541  - Michele Mercati, Italian physician and archaeologist (d. 1593)
• 1580  - William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, English noble, courtier and patron of the arts (d. 1630)
• 1596  - Juan van der Hamen, Spanish artist (d. 1631)

1601–1900

• 1605  - Philip IV of Spain (d. 1665)
• 1605  - Mary Stuart, English-Scottish princess (d. 1607)
• 1641  - Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney, English general and politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (d. 1704)
• 1692  - Giuseppe Tartini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1770)
• 1726  - Lewis Morris, American judge and politician (d. 1798)
• 1732  - David Rittenhouse, American astronomer and mathematician (d. 1796)
• 1761  - William Joseph Chaminade, French priest, founded the Society of Mary (d. 1850)
• 1770  - John Thomas Campbell, Irish-Australian banker and politician (d. 1830)
• 1798  - Dionysios Solomos, Greek poet and author (d. 1857)
• 1818  - Christian IX of Denmark (d. 1906)
• 1818  - August Wilhelm von Hofmann, German chemist and academic (d. 1892)
• 1826  - Pancha Carrasco, Costa Rican soldier (d. 1890)
• 1827  - Ramón Emeterio Betances, Puerto Rican ophthalmologist, journalist, and politician (d. 1898)^[27]
• 1842  - Elizabeth Bacon Custer, American author and educator (d. 1933)
• 1859  - Edmund Husserl, German Jewish-Austrian mathematician and philosopher (d. 1938)
• 1864  - Carlos Deltour, French rower and rugby player (d. 1920)
• 1867  - Allen Butler Talcott, American painter and educator (d. 1908)
• 1869  - Harvey Cushing, American surgeon and academic (d. 1939)
• 1871  - Clarence Hudson White, American photographer and educator (d. 1925)
• 1874  - Manuel Díaz, Cuban fencer (d. 1929)
• 1874  - Stanisław Taczak, Polish general (d. 1960)
• 1875  - Albert I of Belgium (d. 1934)
• 1882 (O.S. 27 March)  - Dmytro Doroshenko, Lithuanian-Ukrainian historian and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine and Prime Minister of Ukraine (d. 1951)
• 1883  - R. P. Keigwin, English cricketer and academic (d. 1972)
• 1883  - Julius Seljamaa, Estonian journalist and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia (d. 1936)
• 1885  - Dimitrios Levidis, Greek-French soldier, composer, and educator (d. 1951)
• 1886  - Margaret Ayer Barnes, American author and playwright (d. 1967)^[28]
• 1888  - Dennis Chávez, American journalist and politician (d. 1962)
• 1889  - Adrian Boult, English conductor (d. 1983)
• 1892  - Richard Neutra, Austrian-American architect, designer of the Los Angeles County Hall of Records (d. 1970)
• 1892  - Mary Pickford, Canadian-American actress, producer, screenwriter and co-founder of United Artists (d. 1979)^[29]
• 1896  - Yip Harburg, American composer (d. 1981)
• 1900  - Marie Byles, Australian solicitor (d. 1979) ^[30]

1901–present

• 1902  - Andrew Irvine, English mountaineer and explorer (d. 1924)
• 1902  - Maria Maksakova Sr., Russian soprano (d. 1974)
• 1904  - John Hicks, English economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)
• 1904  - Hirsch Jacobs, American horse trainer (d. 1970)
• 1905  - Joachim Büchner, German sprinter and graphic designer (d. 1978)
• 1905  - Helen Joseph, English-South African activist (d. 1992)
• 1905  - Erwin Keller, German field hockey player (d. 1971)
• 1906  - Raoul Jobin, Canadian tenor and educator (d. 1974)
• 1908  - Hugo Fregonese, Argentinian director and screenwriter (d. 1987)^[31]
• 1909  - John Fante, American author and screenwriter (d. 1983)
• 1910  - George Musso, American football player and police officer (d. 2000)
• 1911  - Melvin Calvin, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
• 1911  - Emil Cioran, Romanian-French philosopher and academic (d. 1995)
• 1912  - Alois Brunner, Austrian-German SS officer (d. 2001 or 2010)
• 1912  - Sonja Henie, Norwegian-American figure skater and actress (d. 1969)
• 1914  - María Félix, Yaqui/Basque-Mexican actress (d. 2002)
• 1915  - Ivan Supek, Croatian physicist, philosopher and writer (d. 2007)
• 1917  - Winifred Asprey, American mathematician and computer scientist (d. 2007)
• 1917  - Lloyd Bott, Australian public servant (d. 2004)
• 1917  - Hubertus Ernst, Dutch bishop (d. 2017)
• 1917  - Grigori Kuzmin, Russian-Estonian astronomer (d. 1988)
• 1918  - Betty Ford, American wife of Gerald Ford, 40th First Lady of the United States (d. 2011)
• 1918  - Glendon Swarthout, American author and academic (d. 1992)
• 1919  - Ian Smith, Zimbabwean lieutenant and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Rhodesia (d. 2007)
• 1921  - Franco Corelli, Italian tenor and actor (d. 2003)
• 1920  - Carmen McRae, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actress (d. 1994)
• 1921  - Jan Novák, Czech composer (d. 1984)
• 1921  - Herman van Raalte, Dutch footballer (d. 2013)
• 1923  - George Fisher, American cartoonist (d. 2003)
• 1923  - Edward Mulhare, Irish-American actor (d. 1997)
• 1924  - Frédéric Back, German-Canadian animator, director, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
• 1924  - Anthony Farrar-Hockley, English general and historian (d. 2006)
• 1924  - Kumar Gandharva, Hindustani classical singer (d. 1992)
• 1924  - Sara Northrup Hollister, American occultist (d. 1997)
• 1926  - Henry N. Cobb, American architect and academic, co-founded Pei Cobb Freed & Partners (d. 2020)
• 1926  - Shecky Greene, American comedian (d. 2023)
• 1926  - Jürgen Moltmann, German theologian and academic (d. 2024)
• 1927  - Tilly Armstrong, English author (d. 2010)
• 1927  - Ollie Mitchell, American trumpet player and bandleader (d. 2013)
• 1928  - Fred Ebb, American lyricist (d. 2004)
• 1929  - Jacques Brel, Belgian singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1978)
• 1929  - Renzo De Felice, Italian historian and author (d. 1996)
• 1930  - Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma (d. 2010)
• 1931  - John Gavin, American actor and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Mexico (d. 2018)^[32]
• 1931  - Jack Le Goff, French equestrian (d. 2009)^[33]
• 1932  - Iskandar of Johor (d. 2010)
• 1933  - James Lockhart, American scholar of colonial Latin America, especially Nahua peoples (d. 2014)
• 1934  - Kisho Kurokawa, Japanese architect, designed the Nakagin Capsule Tower and Singapore Flyer (d. 2007)
• 1935  - Oscar Zeta Acosta, American lawyer and politician (d. 1974)
• 1935  - Albert Bustamante, American soldier, educator, and politician (d. 2021)
• 1937  - Tony Barton, English footballer and manager (d. 1993)^[34]
• 1937  - Seymour Hersh, American journalist and author
• 1937  - Momo Kapor, Serbian author and painter (d. 2010)
• 1938  - Kofi Annan, Ghanaian economist and diplomat, 7th Secretary-General of the United Nations (d. 2018)
• 1938  - John Hamm, Canadian physician and politician, 25th Premier of Nova Scotia
• 1938  - Mary W. Gray, American mathematician, statistician, and lawyer
• 1939  - Manolis Angelopoulos, Greek singer, composer and songwriter (d. 1989)^[35]
• 1939  - John Arbuthnott, Scottish microbiologist and academic (d. 2023)
• 1939  - Trina Schart Hyman, American author and illustrator (d. 2004)
• 1939  - Martin J. Schreiber, American politician, 39th Governor of Wisconsin^[36]
• 1940  - John Havlicek, American basketball player (d. 2019)
• 1941  - Vivienne Westwood, English fashion designer (d. 2022)
• 1942  - Tony Banks, Baron Stratford, Northern Irish politician, Minister for Sport and the Olympics (d. 2006)
• 1942  - Roger Chapman, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1942  - Douglas Trumbull, American director, producer, and special effects artist (d. 2022)
• 1943  - Michael Bennett, American dancer, choreographer, and director (d. 1987)
• 1943  - Miller Farr, American football player (d. 2023)
• 1943  - James Herbert, English author and illustrator (d. 2013)
• 1943  - Chris Orr, English painter and illustrator
• 1944  - Hywel Bennett, Welsh actor (d. 2017)
• 1944  - Odd Nerdrum, Swedish-Norwegian painter and illustrator
• 1945  - Derrick Walker, Scottish businessman
• 1945  - Jang Yong, South Korean actor
• 1946  - Catfish Hunter, American baseball player (d. 1999)
• 1946  - Tim Thomerson, American actor and producer
• 1947  - Tom DeLay, American lawyer and politician
• 1947  - Steve Howe, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer
• 1947  - Pascal Lamy, French businessman and politician, European Commissioner for Trade
• 1947  - Larry Norman, American singer-songwriter, and producer (d. 2008)
• 1948  - Barbara Young, Baroness Young of Old Scone, Scottish academic and politician
• 1949  - K. C. Kamalasabayson, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 39th Attorney General of Sri Lanka (d. 2007)
• 1949  - John Madden, English director and producer
• 1949  - Brenda Russell, African-American-Canadian singer-songwriter and keyboard player
• 1949  - John Scott, English sociologist and academic
• 1950  - Grzegorz Lato, Polish footballer and coach
• 1951  - Gerd Andres, German politician
• 1951  - Geir Haarde, Icelandic economist, journalist, and politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Iceland
• 1951  - Mel Schacher, American bass player
• 1951  - Joan Sebastian, Mexican singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2015)
• 1951  - Phil Schaap, American jazz disc jockey and historian (d. 2021)^{[37] [38]}
• 1952  - Ahmet Piriştina, Turkish politician (d. 2004)
• 1954  - Gary Carter, American baseball player and coach (d. 2012)
• 1954  - Princess Lalla Amina of Morocco (d. 2012)
• 1954  - G.V. Loganathan, Indian-American engineer and academic (d. 2007)
• 1955  - Gerrie Coetzee, South African boxer (d. 2023)
• 1955  - Ron Johnson, American businessman and politician
• 1955  - Barbara Kingsolver, American novelist, essayist and poet^[39]
• 1955  - David Wu, Taiwanese-American lawyer and politician
• 1956  - Michael Benton, Scottish-English paleontologist and academic
• 1956  - Christine Boisson, French actress
• 1956  - Roman Dragoun, Czech singer-songwriter and keyboard player
• 1958  - Detlef Bruckhoff, German footballer
• 1958  - Tom Petranoff, American javelin thrower and coach
• 1959  - Alain Bondue, French cyclist
• 1960  - John Schneider, American actor and country singer
• 1961  - Richard Hatch, American reality contestant
• 1961  - Brian McDermott, English footballer and manager
• 1962  - Paddy Lowe, English engineer
• 1962  - Izzy Stradlin, American guitarist and songwriter
• 1963  - Tine Asmundsen, Norwegian bassist
• 1963  - Julian Lennon, English singer-songwriter
• 1963  - Dean Norris, American actor^[40]
• 1963  - Terry Porter, American basketball player and coach
• 1963  - Donita Sparks, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1963  - Alec Stewart, English cricketer
• 1963  - Seth Tobias, American businessman (d. 2007)
• 1964  - Biz Markie, American rapper, producer, and actor (d. 2021)
• 1964  - John McGinlay, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1965  - Steven Blaney, Canadian businessman and politician, 5th Canadian Minister of Public Safety
• 1965  - Michael Jones, New Zealand rugby player and coach
• 1966  - Iveta Bartošová, Czech singer and actress (d. 2014)
• 1966  - Mark Blundell, English race car driver
• 1966  - Andy Currier, English rugby league player
• 1966  - Charlotte Dawson, New Zealand-Australian television host (d. 2014)
• 1966  - Dalton Grant, English high jumper
• 1966  - Mazinho, Brazilian footballer, coach, and manager
• 1966  - Harri Rovanperä, Finnish race car driver
• 1966  - Evripidis Stylianidis, Greek lawyer and politician, Greek Minister for the Interior
• 1966  - Robin Wright, American actress, director, producer
• 1967  - Kenny Benjamin, Antiguan cricketer
• 1968  - Patricia Arquette, American actress and director
• 1968  - Patricia Girard, French runner and hurdler
• 1968  - Tracy Grammer, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1971  - Darren Jessee, American singer-songwriter and drummer
• 1972  - Paul Gray, American bass player and songwriter (d. 2010)
• 1972  - Sergei Magnitsky, Russian lawyer and accountant (d. 2009)
• 1973  - Khaled Badra, Tunisian footballer
• 1973  - Emma Caulfield, American actress
• 1974  - Toutai Kefu, Tongan-Australian rugby player
• 1974  - Chris Kyle, American sniper and memoirist (d. 2013)^[41]
• 1974  - Nnedi Okorafor, Nigerian-American author and educator
• 1974  - Nayden Todorov, Bulgarian conductor and culture minister ^[42]
• 1975  - Anouk, Dutch singer
• 1975  - Francesco Flachi, Italian footballer
• 1975  - Timo Pérez, Dominican-American baseball player
• 1975  - Funda Arar, Turkish singer
• 1977  - Ana de la Reguera, Mexican actress
• 1977  - Mehran Ghassemi, Iranian journalist and author (d. 2008)
• 1977  - Mark Spencer, American computer programmer and engineer
• 1978  - Daigo, Japanese singer-songwriter, actor, and voice actor
• 1978  - Bernt Haas, Austrian-Swiss footballer
• 1978  - Rachel Roberts, Canadian model and actress
• 1978  - Jocelyn Robichaud, Canadian tennis player and coach
• 1978  - Evans Rutto, Kenyan runner
• 1979  - Alexi Laiho, Finnish singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2020)
• 1979  - Amit Trivedi, Indian singer-songwriter
• 1980  - Manuel Ortega, Austrian singer
• 1980  - Katee Sackhoff, American actress
• 1980  - Mariko Seyama, Japanese announcer, photographer, and model
• 1981  - Frédérick Bousquet, French swimmer
• 1981  - Taylor Kitsch, Canadian actor and model^[43]
• 1981  - Ofer Shechter, Israeli model, actor, and screenwriter
• 1982  - Gennady Golovkin, Kazakhstani boxer
• 1982  - Brett White, Australian rugby league player
• 1982  - Allu Arjun, Indian actor
• 1983  - Tatyana Petrova Arkhipova, Russian runner
• 1984  - Michelle Donelan, British politician
• 1984  - Ezra Koenig, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1984  - Pablo Portillo, Mexican singer and actor
• 1984  - Taran Noah Smith, American actor
• 1985  - Patrick Schliwa, German rugby player
• 1985  - Yemane Tsegay, Ethiopian runner
• 1986  - Igor Akinfeev, Russian footballer
• 1986  - Félix Hernández, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1986  - Carlos Santana, Dominican baseball player^[44]
• 1987  - Royston Drenthe, Dutch footballer
• 1987  - Jeremy Hellickson, American baseball player
• 1987  - Elton John, Trinidadian footballer^[45]
• 1987  - Sam Rapira, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1988  - Jenni Asserholt, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1989  - Matty Healy, English singer-songwriter and producer^[46]
• 1990  - Kim Jong-hyun, South Korean singer (d. 2017)^{[47] [48]}
• 1992  - Jeff McNeil, American baseball player^[49]
• 1993  - Viktor Arvidsson, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1993  - TBJZL, English YouTuber^[50]
• 1994  - Josh Chudleigh, Australian rugby league player
• 1995  - Cedi Osman, Turkish professional basketball player
• 1996  - Anna Korakaki, Greek Olympic shooter^[51]
• 1997  - Kim Woo-jin, South Korean singer^[52]
• 1997  - Saygrace, Australian singer and songwriter^[53]
• 1997  - Roquan Smith, American football player^[54]
• 1997  - Arno Verschueren, Belgian footballer
• 1998  - Lavinia Valbonesi, Ecuadorian nutritionist, businesswoman and First Lady of Ecuador^[55]
• 1999  - CeeDee Lamb, American football player^[56]
• 2002  - Jamie Drysdale, Canadian ice hockey player^[57]
• 2002  - Viktória Forster, Slovak track and field athlete^[58]
• 2002  - Skai Jackson, American actress^[59]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 217  - Caracalla, Roman emperor (b. 188)^[60]
• 622  - Shōtoku, Japanese prince (b. 572)
• 632  - Charibert II, Frankish king (b. 607)
• 894  - Adalelm, Frankish nobleman
• 944  - Wang Yanxi, Chinese emperor
• 956  - Gilbert, Frankish nobleman
• 967  - Mu'izz al-Dawla, Buyid emir (b. 915)
• 1143  - John II Komnenos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1087)
• 1150  - Gertrude of Babenberg, duchess of Bohemia (b. 1118)
• 1321  - Thomas of Tolentino, Italian-Franciscan missionary (b. c. 1255)
• 1338  - Stephen Gravesend, bishop of London
• 1364  - John II, French king (b. 1319)
• 1450  - Sejong the Great, Korean king (b. 1397)
• 1461  - Georg von Peuerbach, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1423)
• 1492  - Lorenzo de' Medici, Italian ruler (b. 1449)
• 1551  - Oda Nobuhide, Japanese warlord (b. 1510)
• 1586  - Martin Chemnitz, Lutheran theologian and reformer (b. 1522)

1601–1900

• 1608  - Magdalen Dacre, English noble (b. 1538)
• 1612  - Anne Catherine of Brandenburg (b. 1575)
• 1691  - Carlo Rainaldi, Italian architect, designed the Santa Maria dei Miracoli and Santa Maria in Montesanto (b. 1611)
• 1697  - Niels Juel, Norwegian-Danish admiral (b. 1629)
• 1704  - Hiob Ludolf, German orientalist and philologist (b. 1624)
• 1704  - Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney, English colonel and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1641)
• 1709  - Wolfgang Dietrich of Castell-Remlingen, German nobleman (b. 1641)
• 1725  - John Wise, American minister (b. 1652)
• 1735  - Francis II Rákóczi, Hungarian prince (b. 1676)
• 1848  - Gaetano Donizetti, Italian composer (b. 1797)
• 1860  - István Széchenyi, Hungarian statesman and reformer (b. 1791) ^[61]
• 1861  - Elisha Otis, American businessman, founded the Otis Elevator Company (b. 1811)
• 1870  - Charles Auguste de Bériot, Belgian violinist and composer (b. 1802)
• 1877  - Bernardino António Gomes, Portuguese physician and naturalist (b. 1806)^[62]
• 1894  - Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Indian journalist, author, and poet (b. 1838)

1901–present

• 1906  - Auguste Deter, German woman, first person diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (b. 1850)
• 1919  - Loránd Eötvös, Hungarian physicist, academic, and politician, Hungarian Minister of Education (b. 1848)
• 1920  - Charles Griffes, American pianist and composer (b. 1884)
• 1931  - Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Swedish poet Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1864)
• 1936  - Róbert Bárány, Austrian physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1876)
• 1936  - Božena Benešová, Czech poet and novelist (b. 1873)
• 1941  - Marcel Prévost, French novelist and playwright (b. 1862)
• 1942  - Kostas Skarvelis, Greek guitarist and composer (b. 1880)
• 1947  - Olaf Frydenlund, Norwegian target shooter (b. 1862)
• 1950  - Vaslav Nijinsky, Polish dancer and choreographer (b. 1890)
• 1959  - Marios Makrionitis, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Athens (b. 1913)
• 1961  - Joseph Carrodus, Australian public servant (b. 1885)
• 1962  - Juan Belmonte, Spanish bullfighter (b. 1892)
• 1965  - Lars Hanson, Swedish actor (b. 1886)
• 1969  - Zinaida Aksentyeva, Ukrainian astronomer (b. 1900)
• 1973  - Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (b. 1881)
• 1974  - James Charles McGuigan, Canadian cardinal (b. 1894)
• 1979  - Breece D'J Pancake, American short story writer (b. 1952)
• 1981  - Omar Bradley, American general (b. 1893)
• 1983  - Isamu Kosugi, Japanese actor and director (b. 1904)
• 1984  - Pyotr Kapitsa, Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1894)
• 1985  - John Frederick Coots, American pianist and composer (b. 1897)
• 1990  - Ryan White, American activist, inspired the Ryan White Care Act (b. 1971)
• 1991  - Per Ohlin, Swedish musician (b. 1969)
• 1992  - Daniel Bovet, Swiss-Italian pharmacologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1907)
• 1993  - Marian Anderson, American operatic singer (b. 1897)
• 1994  - François Rozet, French-Canadian actor (b. 1899)
• 1996  - Ben Johnson, American actor and stuntman (b. 1918)
• 1996  - León Klimovsky, Argentinian-Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1906)
• 1996  - Mick Young, Australian politician (b. 1936)
• 1997  - Laura Nyro, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1947)
• 2000  - František Šťastný, Czech motorcycle racer (b. 1927)
• 2000  - Claire Trevor, American actress (b. 1910)
• 2002  - María Félix, Mexican actress (b. 1914)
• 2002  - Harvey Quaytman, American painter (b. 1937)
• 2004  - Werner Schumacher, German actor (b. 1921)
• 2005  - Onna White, Canadian choreographer and dancer (b. 1922)
• 2006  - Gerard Reve, Dutch author and poet (b. 1923)
• 2007  - Sol LeWitt, American painter and sculptor (b. 1928)
• 2008  - Kazuo Shiraga, Japanese painter (b. 1924)
• 2009  - Richard de Mille, American Scientologist, author, investigative journalist, and psychologist (b. 1922)
• 2009  - Piotr Morawski, Polish mountaineer (b. 1976)
• 2010  - Antony Flew, English philosopher and academic (b. 1923)^[63]
• 2010  - Malcolm McLaren, English singer-songwriter (b. 1946)
• 2010  - Teddy Scholten, Dutch singer (b. 1926)
• 2011  - Hedda Sterne, Romanian-American painter and photographer (b. 1910)
• 2012  - Blair Kiel, American football player and coach (b. 1961)
• 2012  - Jack Tramiel, Polish-American businessman, founded Commodore International (b. 1928)
• 2012  - Janusz K. Zawodny, Polish-American soldier, historian, and political scientist (b. 1921)
• 2013  - Mikhail Beketov, Russian journalist (b. 1958)
• 2013  - Annette Funicello, American actress and singer (b. 1942)
• 2013  - Sara Montiel, Spanish-Mexican actress and singer (b. 1928)
• 2013  - José Luis Sampedro, Spanish economist and author (b. 1917)
• 2013  - Margaret Thatcher, English politician, first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1925)^[64]
• 2014  - Emmanuel III Delly, Iraqi patriarch (b. 1927)
• 2014  - Karlheinz Deschner, German author and activist (b. 1924)
• 2014  - Ivan Mercep, New Zealand architect, designed the Te Papa Tongarewa Museum (b. 1930)
• 2015  - Jayakanthan, Indian journalist and author (b. 1934)
• 2015  - Rayson Huang, Hong Kong chemist and academic (b. 1920)
• 2015  - Sergei Lashchenko, Ukrainian kick-boxer (b. 1987)
• 2015  - David Laventhol, American journalist and publisher (b. 1933)
• 2015  - Jean-Claude Turcotte, Canadian cardinal (b. 1936)
• 2019  - Josine Ianco-Starrels, Romanian-born American art curator (b. 1926)^[65]
• 2020  - Rick May, American-Canadian voice actor (b. 1940)^[66]
• 2020  - Abdul Momin Imambari, Bangladeshi Islamic scholar (b. 1930)^[67]
• 2022  - Mimi Reinhardt, Jewish Austrian secretary (b. 1915)^[68]
• 2024  - Keith Barnes, Welsh-Australian rugby league player and coach (b. 1934)^[69]
• 2024  - Peter Higgs, British physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1929)^[70]
• 2024  - Ralph Puckett, American Army officer, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1926)^[71]

Holidays and observances

• Buddha's Birthday, also known as Hana Matsuri, "Flower Festival" (Japan)
• Christian feast day:
  • Anne Ayres (Episcopal Church (USA))
  • Constantina
  • Julie Billiart of Namur
  • Perpetuus
  • Walter of Pontoise
  • William Augustus Muhlenberg (Episcopal Church (USA))
  • April 8 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Earliest day on which Fast and Prayer Day can fall, while April 14 is the latest; celebrated on the second Friday in April (Liberia)
• International Romani Day

External links

• BBC: On This Day
  • Historical Events on April 8

Notes and References

1. Book: Ando, Clifford. Imperial Rome AD 193 to 284: The Critical Century. Edinburgh. Edinburgh University Press. 2012. 9780748620500. 62–63.
2. Book: Popović, Alexander. The Revolt of African Slaves in Iraq in the 3rd/9th Century. Princeton, N.J.. Markus Wiener Publishers. 1999. 9781558761629. 74.
3. Book: Norwich, John Julius. Absolute Monarchs: A History of the Papacy. New York. Random House. 2011. 9781400067152. 135–136.
4. Book: Jaques. Tony. Showalter. Dennis E.. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles From Antiquity Through the Twenty-First Century. Westport, Conn.. Greenwood Press. 2007. 9780313335365. 502.
5. Book: Tucker, Spencer C.. Overview of 1200-1400: Chronology. A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Vol.1: ca. 3000 BCE—1499 CE. Tucker. Spencer C.. Santa Barbara, Calif.. ABC=CLIO. 2010. 9781851096671. 282.
6. Book: Baumer, Christopher. The History of Central Asia. Volume 3: The Age of Islam and the Mongols. London. I.B. Tauris & Co. 2017. 9781784534905. 219.
7. https://www.ouka.fi/oulu/english/some-history Some History
8. Book: Sarna, Jonathan D.. The Evolution of the American Synagogue. The Americanization of the Jews. Seltzer. Robert M.. Cohen. Norman J.. New York. New York University Press. 1995. 9780814788806. 217.
9. Web site: Bicentennial of Helsinki as Finnish capital. Yle News. April 8, 2012. April 8, 2022.
10. Web site: Lobbying for Helsinki 200 years ago. Helsinki Times. April 19, 2012. April 8, 2022.
11. Web site: Venus de Milo sculpture . Encyclopedia Britannica . 8 April 2020 . en.
12. Book: McGuire, Randy R.. St. Louis Arsenal: Armory of the West. Chicago. Arcadia Publishing. 2001. 9780738507804. 36.
13. Book: Wawro, Geoffrey. The Austro-Prussian War: Austria's War With Prussia and Italy in 1866. Cambridge, UK. Cambridge University Press. 1996. 9780521560597. 43, fn. 18.
14. Book: Altholz, Josef L.. Selected Documents in Irish History. Armonk, N.Y.. M.E. Sharpe. 2000. 9780765605412. 101.
15. Book: Putney, Albert H.. United States Constitutional History and Law. Chicago. Illinois Book Exchange. 1908. 1304138030. 234. 9780722273838 .
16. Web site: BBC - History : British History Timeline . www.bbc.co.uk . 8 October 2020.
17. Web site: Миний мэдэх Бал дарга – Юмжаагийн Цэдэнбал. 2022-04-04. tsedenbal.mn. 2020-11-21. mn.
18. Web site: Atlanta Braves 7, Los Angeles Dodgers 4. April 8, 1974. Baseball-Reference.com.
19. Web site: STS-110 Video Highlights . 28 November 2009 . National Space Society.
20. Web site: Partial Solar Eclipse: April 8, 2005 . 2022-06-10 . eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
21. Web site: 2016-10-07. Barack Obama - Key Events Miller Center. 2022-01-11. millercenter.org. en.
22. Web site: Security . Microsoft . 2013-08-15 . The Risk of Running Windows XP After Support Ends April 2014 . 2022-12-05 . Microsoft Security Blog . en-US.
23. Web site: 2020-04-08. Bernie Sanders, who reshaped US politics, ends 2020 presidential run. 2022-01-10. the Guardian. en.
24. Web site: Jamie Carter . April 8, 2019 . Countdown Begins To 'Great North American Eclipse', The Longest, Darkest and Best For 21 Years . March 23, 2024 . Forbes.
25. Book: William Harbutt Dawson. History of Skipton: (W. R. Yorks.). 1882. Simpkin, Marshall. 32.
26. Book: John Morehen. Ricercari d'intavolatura d'organo: 1567. 2000. A-R Editions, Inc.. 978-0-89579-476-5. 9.
27. Book: The San Juan review. 1965. 4.
28. Book: Taylor, Lloyd C.. Margaret Ayer Barnes. Boston. Twayne Publishing. 1974. 978-0-80570-037-4. 17.
29. Book: Magill, Frank Northen. Great Lives from History. Pasadena. Salem Press. 1995. 1447. 978-0-89356-896-2.
30. Book: Radi, Heather. Marie Byles. Byles, Marie Beuzeville (1900–1979) . Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra.
31. Book: Robert Murphy. Directors in British and Irish Cinema: A Reference Companion. 11 September 2006. British Film Institute. 978-1-84457-126-0. 214.
32. Web site: John Gavin obituary. 14 April 2018. Ronald Bergan. The Guardian. 5 February 2020.
33. Web site: Jack Le Goff . olympedia.org . 12 March 2024 .
34. Web site: Tony Barton. footballdatabase.eu. 29 March 2020.
35. Web site: Σαν Σήμερα / To 1989 πεθαίνει στο Λονδίνο ο Μανώλης Αγγελόπουλος. el. LIFO. 2 April 2015 . June 27, 2022.
36. Book: Hannan, Caryn. Wisconsin Biographical Dictionary. North American Book Dist LLC, Dec 1, 2008. 368. 9781878592637. 2008-01-01.
37. News: Genzlinger. Neil. September 8, 2021. Phil Schaap, Grammy-Winning Jazz D.J. and Historian, Dies at 70. en-US. The New York Times. September 9, 2021. 0362-4331.
38. News: Page. Tim. Phil Schaap, jazz scholar, historian and broadcaster, dies at 70. The Washington Post. 8 September 2021. 9 September 2021.
39. Book: Maryland Biographical Dictionary. Native Amer Books. 1999. 9780403098231. 317.
40. Web site: Feser . Molly . Dean Norris Shares Funny Breaking Bad Deleted Scene to Celebrate Birthday . . 27 March 2023 . 9 April 2021.
41. Web site: Christopher Scott Kyle . . 27 March 2023.
42. Web site: Nayden Todorov . . 15 March 2024.
43. Web site: Boardman . Madeline . 35 Photos of Taylor Kitsch for His 35th Birthday . . 27 March 2023 . 8 April 2016.
44. Web site: Carlos Santana . . 27 March 2023.
45. Web site: Trinidad and Tobago - e. John - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway.
46. Web site: Matty Healy. 14 October 2022 . The Talks. 21 June 2024. 14 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230414174207/https://the-talks.com/interview/matty-healy/. live.
47. Book: Mark Russell . K-Pop Now!: The Korean Music Revolution . April 29, 2014 . Tuttle Publishing . 978-1-4629-1411-1 . 67 . October 30, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160527064350/https://books.google.com/books?id=etDZAwAAQBAJ . May 27, 2016 . live.
48. News: December 18, 2017 . Shinee singer Jonghyun: K-pop boy band superstar dies . . live . December 18, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171218131950/http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-42393242 . December 18, 2017.
49. Web site: Jeff McNeil . . 27 March 2023.
50. Book: Sidemen, The . Sidemen: The Book: The subject of the hit new Netflix documentary . 2016-10-18 . Hodder & Stoughton . 978-1-4736-4819-7 . en.
51. Web site: KORAKAKI Anna - Olympic Shooting | Greece . www.rio2016.com . 30 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160807145914/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/anna-korakaki . 7 August 2016 . dead.
52. Web site: Baek. Ji-eun. ko:[화요일 예능] JYP '스트레이 키즈' 3회, 첫 탈락자 누구? 방찬·김우진·이민호·서창빈·황현진·한지성·필릭스·김승민·양정인. https://news.g-enews.com/ko-kr/news/article/news_all/20171031112206691900c551d053_1/article.html. Global Economic. October 12, 2021. ko. October 31, 2017.
53. Web site: 2019-11-19 . Here's The Breakup Anthem You Should Jam Out To, Based On Your Zodiac Sign . Caroline . Colvin . SAYGRACE, who was born April 8, 1997, is a quintessential Aries: blunt, bold, and unafraid to give her opinion. . Elite Daily . en . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230406172618/https://www.elitedaily.com/p/heres-the-breakup-song-you-need-to-hear-based-on-your-zodiac-sign-19348813 . Apr 6, 2023 .
54. Web site: Roquan Smith . . 27 March 2023.
55. Web site: Lavinia Valbonesi, la influencer de 25 años que se ha convertido en primera dama de Ecuador. 16 October 2023 . La Razon. Spanish. 17 October 2023.
56. Web site: CeeDee Lamb . . 27 March 2023.
57. Web site: Jamie Drysdale Stats and News . . June 21, 2024 . April 16, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240416212500/https://www.nhl.com/flyers/player/jamie-drysdale-8482142 . live .
58. Web site: Viktória Forster . Slovenský olympijský tím . 14 August 2023 . sk . 8 April 2002.
59. News: UPI Almanac for Wednesday, April 8, 2020. April 8, 2020. United Press International. June 21, 2024. August 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200829181519/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2020/04/08/UPI-Almanac-for-Wednesday-April-8-2020/4061586217038/. live. …actor Skai Jackson in 2002 (age 18).
60. Web site: Caracalla Roman emperor . Encyclopedia Britannica . 10 March 2021 . en.
61. Gróf Széchenyi István írói és hírlapi vitája Kossuth Lajossal [Count Stephen Széchenyi's Literary and Publicistic Debate with Louis Kossuth], ed. Gyula Viszota, 2 vols. (Budapest: Magyar Történelmi Társulat, 1927–1930).
62. Book: Almeida, Maria Antónia Pires de . 2014 . Espaços e Actores da Ciência em Portugal (XVIII-XX) . Combatendo epidemias: Bernardino António Gomes, Sousa Martins, Ricardo Jorge, Câmara Pestana, Almeida Garrett, Fernando da Silva Correia . Rollo . Maria Fernanda . Nunes . Maria de Fátima . Esperança Pina . Madalena . Queiroz . Maria Inês . pt . 309–326 . Lisboa . Caleidoscópio . 10071/12242 . 9789896582746.
63. News: Professor Antony Flew . Obituary . . 13 April 2010 . 6 November 2024.
64. Web site: Margaret Thatcher Biography & Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 24 November 2020 . en.
65. News: Josine Ianco-Starrels, curator who helped shape L.A. art scene, dies at 92. Los Angeles Times. April 19, 2019. April 20, 2019. Muchnic, Suzanne.
66. News: Rick May – In Memoriam. April 8, 2020. April 13, 2020. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200414112558/https://www.classesandworkshops.com/in-memory-of-rick-may/. April 14, 2020. Rekindle School.
67. Web site: জমিয়তের আমীর শায়খ আব্দুল মুমিন মারা গেছেন. 8 April 2020. bn. Bhorer Kagoj.
68. Web site: 2022-04-27 . Mimi Reinhard obituary . 2022-05-01 . The Guardian . en.
69. Web site: 8 April 2024 . Vale--Keith Barnes . 8 April 2024 . NSW Rugby League . en.
70. News: The Guardian . Peter Higgs, physicist who proposed Higgs boson, dies aged 94 . Severin . Carrell . Ian . Sample . 9 April 2024. 10 April 2024 .
71. News: Goldstein . Richard . April 8, 2024 . Col. Ralph Puckett Jr., Belated Medal of Honor Winner, Dies at 97 . April 10, 2024 . The New York Times.