8K resolution explained

8K resolution refers to an image or display resolution with a width of approximately 8,000 pixels. 8K UHD is the highest resolution defined in the Rec. 2020 (UHDTV) standard.[1]

8K display resolution is the successor to 4K resolution. TV manufacturers pushed to make 4K a new standard by 2017. At CES 2012, the first prototype 8K TVs were unveiled by Japanese electronics corporation Sharp.[2] The feasibility of a fast transition to this new standard is questionable in view of the absence of broadcasting resources.[3] [4] In 2018, Strategy Analytics predicted that 8K-ready devices will still only account for 3% of UHD TVs by 2023 with global sales of 11 million units a year.[5] However, TV manufacturers remain optimistic as the 4K market grew much faster than expected, with actual sales exceeding projections nearly six-fold in 2016.[6]

In 2013, a transmission network's capability to carry HDTV resolution was limited by internet speeds and relied on satellite broadcast to transmit the high data rates. The demand is expected to drive the adoption of video compression standards and to place significant pressure on physical communication networks in the near future.[7]

, few cameras had the capability to shoot video in 8K, NHK being one of the few companies to have created a small broadcasting camera with an 8K image sensor.[8] By 2018, Red Digital Cinema camera company had delivered three 8K cameras in both a Full Frame sensor and Super 35 sensor.[9]

8K standards and technology

The term "8K" is generic and refers to any resolution with a horizontal pixel count of approximately 8,000. Several different 8K resolutions have been standardized by various organizations.

History

Japan's public broadcaster NHK was the first to start research and development of 4320p resolution in 1995 and the format was first displayed in 2005.[10] The format was standardized by SMPTE in October 2007.[11] The interface was standardized by SMPTE in August 2010 and recommended as the international standard for television by ITU-R in 2012.[12] Followed by public displays at electronics shows and screenings of 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and public viewings in February 2014 and the FIFA World Cup in Brazil in June 2014 using HEVC with partners AstroDesign and Ikegami Electronics.[13] [14] [15]

On January 6, 2015, the MHL Consortium announced the release of the superMHL specification which will support 8K resolution at 120fps, 48-bit video, the Rec. 2020 color space, high dynamic range support, a 32-pin reversible superMHL connector, and power charging of up to 40 watts.[16] [17] [18]

On March 1, 2016, The Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) unveiled DisplayPort 1.4, a new format that allows the use of 8K resolution at 60Hz with HDRR and 32 audio channels through USB-C.[19]

On January 4, 2017, the HDMI Forum announced HDMI 2.1 featuring support for 8K video with HDR, which will be "released early in Q2 2017".[20]

8K Association Formed at CES 2019 to Help Develop 8K Ecosystem.[21]

In early February 2020, Samsung Electronics announced during their Unpacked event that their Samsung Galaxy S20 can video record in 8K, which uses 600MB of storage per minute.[22]

First cameras

On April 6, 2013, Astrodesign Inc. announced the AH-4800, capable of recording 8K resolution.In April 2015, it was announced by Red that their newly unveiled Red Weapon VV is also capable of recording 8K footage.[23] In October 2016, they announced two additional 8K cameras, Red Weapon 8K S35 and Red Epic-W 8K S35.[24] The Red Weapon Dragon VV has been discontinued, when Red unveiled the Red Weapon Monstro VV, their fourth camera capable of shooting 8K, with additional improvements in dynamic range and noise reduction, among other features.[25]

Mobile phone cameras

In May 2019, mobile phone vendors started releasing the first mobile phones with 8K video recording capabilities, such as the ZTE Nubia Red Magic 3 series.[26]

This is enabled by the sufficient resolution of image sensors used in mobile phones, and by the sufficient chipset performance. However, mobile phones with up to 5K (2880p) or 6K (3240p) video cameras have never been released.

Productions

In 2007, the original 65mm negative of the 1992 film Baraka was re-scanned at 8K with a film scanner built specifically for the job at FotoKem Laboratories, and used to remaster the 2008 Blu-ray release. Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert described the Blu-ray release as "the finest video disc I have ever viewed or ever imagined."[27] A similar 8K scan/4K intermediate digital restoration of Lawrence of Arabia was made for Blu-ray and theatrical re-release during 2012 by Sony Pictures to celebrate the film's 50th anniversary.[28] [29] According to Grover Crisp, executive VP of restoration at Sony Pictures, the new 8K scan has such high resolution that when examined, showed a series of fine concentric lines in a pattern "reminiscent of a fingerprint" near the top of the frame. This was caused by the film emulsion melting and cracking in the desert heat during production. Sony had to hire a third party to minimize or eliminate the rippling artifacts in the new restored version.

On May 17, 2013, the Franklin Institute premiered To Space and Back, an 8K×8K, 60fps, 3D video running approximately 25 minutes. During its first run at the Fels Planetarium it was played at 4K, 60 fps.[30]

In November 2013, NHK screened the experimental-drama short film "The Chorus" at Tokyo Film Festival which was filmed in 8K and 22.2 sound format.[31]

On May 1, 2015, an 8K abstract computer animation was screened at the Filmatic Festival at the University of California, San Diego. The work was created as an assignment in the VIS 40/ICAM 40 Introduction to Computing in the Arts class taught at UCSD by Associate Teaching Professor Brett Stalbaum during the winter quarter of 2015, with each student producing three hundred pixel frames. The work's music soundtrack was composed by Mark Matamoros.[32] [33]

On January 6, 2016, director James Gunn stated that the 2017 film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 would be the first feature film to be shot in 8K, using the Red Weapon 8K VV.[34]

Broadcasting

Japanese public broadcaster NHK began research and development on 8K in 1995, having spent over $1 billion on R&D since then.[35] Codenamed Super Hi-Vision (named after its old Hi-Vision analog HDTV system), NHK also was simultaneously working on the development of 22.2 channel surround sound audio. The world's first 8K television was unveiled by Sharp at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in 2012.[36] Experimental transmissions of the resolution were tested with the 2012 Summer Olympics, and at the Cannes Film Festival showcasing Beauties À La Carte, a 27-minute short showcased publicly on a 220" screen, with a three-year roadmap that entails the launch of 8K test broadcasting in 2016, with plans to roll out full 8K services by 2018, and in time for the 2020 Summer Olympics,[37] which were delayed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The specification for an 8K Blu-ray format was also completed by the Blu-ray Disc Association for use in Japan by December 2017.[38] On December 1, 2018, NHK launched BS8K, a broadcast channel transmitting at 8K resolution.[39] [40] [41]

On February 28, 2020, it was reported that BT Sport would broadcast the UEFA Europa League in 8K HDR10+ as early as August 2020.[42]

Gaming

Sony announced that the PlayStation 5 would support 8K graphics.[43] Microsoft then announced its Xbox Series X with 8K graphic support, released in November 2020.[44] The GeForce RTX 3090, released in September 2020 for an MSRP of $1499,[45] was marketed by Nvidia as the first graphics card capable of 8K 60fps HDR gaming, recording, and streaming with ShadowPlay on PCs.[46] [47] However, only its successor, the GeForce RTX 4090, is often regarded as the first graphics card to achieve playable frame rates at 8K in many modern titles.[48] [49]

Editing

Given adequate hardware, 8K video can be edited by all major non-linear video editors such as Avid Media Composer, Adobe Premiere Pro, Lightworks, Vegas Pro, Final Cut Pro X, Edius, DaVinci Resolve, and Kdenlive.

Resolutions

Examples of 8K resolutions
Resolution Total pixels
3. 16.59Mpx
3.2 18.43Mpx
2.4 24.58Mpx
2. 24.88Mpx
1. 33.18Mpx
1.8 256135 35.39Mpx
1. 37.75Mpx
1.6 8541.94Mpx
1 11 67.11Mpx

This is the resolution of the UHDTV2 format defined in SMPTE ST 2036–1,[50] as well as the 8K UHDTV format defined in ITU-R BT.2020.[51] It was also chosen by the DVB project as the resolution for their 8K broadcasting standard, UHD-2.[52] It has 33.2 million total pixels, and is double the linear resolution of 4K UHD (four times as many total pixels), three times the linear resolution of 1440p (nine times as many total pixels), four times the linear resolution of 1080p (16 times as many total pixels), and six times the linear resolution of 720p (36 times as many total pixels).

Devices

TVs

Projectors

Monitors

8K VR Headset

Cameras

Action Cameras

Smartphones with 8K camera

8K VR camera

Fulldome

(apu)

Consoles

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 8K Resolution Definition and Explanation of 8K Video Resolution . Robert Silva . About.com . February 12, 2014 . January 14, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120114155806/http://hometheater.about.com/od/hometheaterglossary/g/8k-Resolution-Definition-And-Explanation.htm . dead .
  2. Web site: Katzmaier . David . 9 Jan 2012 . Sharp shows 8K resolution prototype TV . 2024-03-06 . CNET . en.
  3. Web site: Cohen . Simon . 2023-01-07 . Is 8K TV dying? It's not looking good at CES 2023 . 2024-03-06 . Digital Trends . en.
  4. Web site: Pegoraro . Rob . 3 September 2023 . 8K TVs: Not Dead Yet, But Pretty Close . 2024-03-06 . PCMAG . en.
  5. News: Infographic: Forecast Of Global Ultra HD TV Adoption And 8K TV Sales . Felix Richter . International Business Times . February 14, 2019.
  6. Web site: 8K Resolution: The Future of Digital Displays . Samsung Display . February 14, 2019 . September 7, 2018 . February 15, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190215050415/https://pid.samsungdisplay.com/en/learning-center/blog/8k-resolution-advancements. dead .
  7. Web site: High Efficiency Video Coding . Motion Pictures Experts Group . December 10, 2013.
  8. Web site: Marine . Joe . NHK Has Finally Shrunk Their 8K Resolution Camera, but How Close Are We to Shooting in 8K? . May 16, 2012 . No Film School . April 3, 2014.
  9. Web site: RedShark News RED's radical Helium S35 8K sensor: the story so far . RedShark News . Staff . 2017-02-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181118141835/https://www.redsharknews.com/production/item/3862-red%E2%80%99s-radical-helium-s35-8k-sensor-the-story-so-far . 2018-11-18 . dead.
  10. Web site: Blair . Gavin J. . 2019-01-04 . Japan’s NHK Launches World’s First 8K TV Channel . 2024-03-06 . The Hollywood Reporter . en-US.
  11. Web site: Giardina . Carolyn . 2007-10-25 . Ultra-HD clearly on SMPTE radar . 2024-03-06 . The Hollywood Reporter . en-US.
  12. Web site: November 2012 . The present state of ultra-high definition television . International Telecommunication Union.
  13. Web site: The history of Super Hi-Vision . https://web.archive.org/web/20160812052859/http://www.nhk.or.jp/8k/history/index_e.html . 2016-08-12.
  14. Web site: World's First Hand-Held 8K Ultra High Definition Television Camera System, Developed in Collaboration with Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) (Press Release) . Ikegami . https://web.archive.org/web/20160822030932/http://ikegami.com/NAB2015_shk810_piece_.html . 2016-08-22 . dead . 2015-11-02.
  15. Web site: 8K (SHV) Ultra High Resolution/High Definition Imaging . June 6, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160403003535/http://www.astrodesign.co.jp/english/product/8k-info . 2016-04-03 . live.
  16. News: MHL Consortium Announces superMHL the First Audio/Video Specification With Support Up to 8K . . January 6, 2015 . January 10, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151020182427/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/mhl-consortium-announces-supermhl-first-180000697.html . 2015-10-20.
  17. News: MHL Consortium Announces superMHL: New Standard & New Cable To Drive 8K TV . Ryan Smith . . January 6, 2015 . January 10, 2015.
  18. News: Introducing superMHL . MHL . January 10, 2015.
  19. Web site: VESA Publishes DisplayPort Standard Version 1.4 DisplayPort . DisplayPort . en-US . 2016-03-03.
  20. Web site: Introducing HDMI 2.1 Specification . HDMI . en-US . 2017-02-11 . January 6, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170106195344/http://www.hdmi.org/manufacturer/hdmi_2_1/index.aspx . dead .
  21. Web site: 8K Association Formed to Help Develop 8K Ecosystem . January 6, 2019.
  22. Web site: Mobile TV Home Electronics Home Appliances Samsung US . Samsung Electronics America . en-US . 2020-04-16.
  23. Web site: Fauer . Jon . 2015-04-27 . Regarding RED 20x40 . 2024-03-06 . Film and Digital Times . en-US.
  24. Web site: Introducing the RED EPIC-W And New WEAPON Cameras . RED Digital Cinema . https://web.archive.org/web/20161014015748/https://www.red.com/news/introducing-epic-w-and-weapon-8k . October 11, 2016 . October 14, 2016 . dead.
  25. Web site: Willis . David Alexander . Red Unveils Monstro 8K VV Sensor - The American Society of Cinematographers (en-US) . 2024-03-06 . theasc.com.
  26. Web site: Rehm . Lars . April 29, 2019 . ZTE Nubia Red Magic 3 comes with 8K video recording and cooling fan . 2024-03-06 . DPReview.
  27. Web site: Great Movies: Baraka (1992) . Roger . Ebert . Roger Ebert . 2008-10-16 . . 2019-06-17.
  28. Web site: Home Theater: Hollywood, The 4K Way . Rob Sabin . Source Interlink Media . HomeTheater.com Ultimate Tech . December 20, 2011 . February 24, 2013 . February 22, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130222083237/http://www.hometheater.com/content/hollywood-4k-way-page-2 . dead .
  29. http://www.blu-raydefinition.com/news/lawrence-of-arabia-on-blu-ray-later-this-year.html Lawrence of Arabia on Blu-ray Later This Year
  30. Web site: 'To Space & Back' latest Planetarium feature . Philadelphia Tribune . September 6, 2016.
  31. Web site: Introducing 8K: The Final Frontier? Filmmaker Magazine . Aftab . Kaleem . November 13, 2013 . 2016-08-22.
  32. Web site: First 8K Filmatic Festival . 2016-05-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160618225359/http://filmaticfestival.com/event/8k-student-screenings/ . 2016-06-18 . dead.
  33. Web site: ArtPower!'s Filmatic Festival to Explore the Intersection of Science and Cinema . UC San Diego News Center . May 24, 2016.
  34. Web site: Very excited to announce Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 will be the first film to shoot using the RED Weapon 8k . James . Gunn . January 6, 2016 . March 6, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160306011431/https://twitter.com/JamesGunn/status/684830923913859080 . dead .
  35. Web site: Shilov . Anton . NHK Shows World's First 8K Movie at Cannes Film Festival. . X Bit Labs . April 3, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140407073124/http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/multimedia/display/20130516195742_NHK_to_Shows_World_s_First_8K_Movie_at_Cannes_Film_Festival.html . 2014-04-07 . dead.
  36. Web site: Singal . Nidhi . CES 2013: Sharp showcases world's first 8K TV . January 11, 2013 . Business Today . April 3, 2014.
  37. Web site: Super-Hi Vision Update: Answering the Eight Biggest Questions on NHK 8K Production . Jason . Dachman . Sports Video Group . October 16, 2015.
  38. Web site: Blu-ray Disc Association Settles on 8K Format. Chris. Chinnock. January 22, 2018. August 24, 2023.
  39. News: 4K, 8K broadcasting begins in Japan . December 1, 2018 . December 2, 2018 . NHK . https://web.archive.org/web/20181201125119/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20181201_15/ . December 1, 2018 . dead.
  40. News: Space Odyssey helps launch first 8K TV channel . Chris . Fox . December 1, 2018 . December 2, 2018 . BBC News.
  41. Web site: The history of Super Hi-Vision . Japan Broadcasting Corporation . 8K Super Hi-Vision . January 4, 2020 . June 17, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200617154846/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bs4k8k/eng/history/ . dead .
  42. News: First Look At 8K HDR Sport Streaming Coming To The UK This Summer . 28 February 2020 . The Verge . 14 August 2020.
  43. Web site: Sony reveals PlayStation 5 details: 8K graphics, ray tracing, SSDs, and PS4 backwards compatibility . Gartenberg . Chaim . 2019-04-16 . The Verge . 2019-07-27.
  44. Web site: Microsoft's next-generation Xbox: 8K graphics, SSD storage, and ray tracing for 2020 . Tom . Warren . June 9, 2019 . The Verge.
  45. Web site: Warren . Tom . 2020-09-01 . Nvidia’s new RTX 3090 is a $1,499 monster GPU designed for 8K gaming . 2024-03-06 . The Verge . en.
  46. Web site: Altavilla . Dave . NVIDIA Unveils Ampere GeForce RTX 3090, RTX 3080 And RTX 3070 Gaming GPUs, Crushes It Again . 2020-09-07 . Forbes . en.
  47. Web site: 2020-09-04 . Here's how the Nvidia RTX 3090 aims for 8K gaming . 2020-09-07 . Tech Gaming Report . en-US.
  48. Web site: Palumbo . Alessio . 2022-10-12 . RTX 4090 Is the First True 8K Gaming GPU According to Benchmarks . 2024-06-09 . Wccftech . en-US.
  49. Web site: 2022-10-11 . NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Founders Edition Review: Just Buy It? . 2024-06-09 . TweakTown . en-US.
  50. Book: Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers . June 21, 2015 . OV 2036-0:2015: Ultra High Definition Television — Overview for the SMPTE ST 2036 Document Suite . 10.5594/SMPTE.OV2036-0.2015 . . 1–2 . 978-1-61482-872-3 . en.
  51. Web site: Ultra High Definition Television: Threshold of a new age . . April 29, 2018 . May 24, 2012.
  52. Web site: Phasing in Ultra High Definition . DVB Project Office . May 14, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181222175820/https://www.dvb.org/resources/public/factsheets/dvb_-_phasing_in_uhd.pdf . December 22, 2018 . dead.
  53. Web site: BOE Reveal World's Largest 8K Displays . Edwin . Kee . 2015-10-06 . Ubergizmo.
  54. Web site: LG's 98-inch UH9800 is the world's first 8K HDR TV . Dave . James . 2016-01-05 . TechRadar.
  55. Web site: Samsung takes TVs to 8K with 98-inch curved set . Pete . Pachal . 2016-01-05 . mashable.com.
  56. Web site: 8K TV solutions & Other Sightings : Cool gadgets and sightings at CES 2016 . hardwarezone.com.sg . 2016-01-10 . Anand . Vijay.
  57. Web site: Changhong shows off 98-inch 8K 98ZHQ2R "Full UHD" display at CES 2016 . Jon . Worrel . 2016-01-14 . fudzilla.com.
  58. Web site: Why 8K is still just a fantasy . Chris . Welch . January 11, 2019 . The Verge.
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  60. Web site: 2019-09-05 . Hisense goes 8K at IFA 2019 with big-screen U9E ULED TVs . What Hi-Fi.
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  63. Web site: Dell UltraSharp 32 8K Monitor: UP3218K Dell United States . Dell.
  64. Web site: Da BOE, il primo display 8K narrow-bezel per notebook e OLED flessibili per smartphone Notebook Italia . notebookitalia.it . 2018-04-19 . Raffa . Antonio . From BOE, the first 8K narrow-bezel display for notebooks and flexible OLEDs for smartphones . it.
  65. Web site: 2020-09-25. 8KX Logistic Advisory 25th September 2020. 2021-06-03. OpenMR Community. en-US.
  66. Web site: RED Announces The New MONSTRO 8K VV . RED Digital Cinema . October 5, 2017 . October 6, 2017 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20171006075550/http://www.red.com/news/red-announces-new-full-frame-monstro-8k-vv-sensor-for-weapon-cameras .
  67. Web site: Sharp Announces 8C-B60A 8K Professional Camcorder . sharp-world.com.
  68. Web site: 2019-03-16. Cinemartin to close due to bankruptcy. live. 2021-06-12. Newsshooter. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20200916000842/https://www.newsshooter.com/2019/03/16/cinemartin-to-close-due-to-bankruptcy/ . September 16, 2020 .
  69. Web site: . 2020-07-27 . URSA Mini Pro 12K PL Camera – Same from Outside Different from Inside. 2020-07-28 . Top10.Digital . en.
  70. Web site: 2020-09-20 . Blackmagic Camera Setup 7.0 . 2020-10-06 . en.
  71. Web site: Fujifilm launches Mirrorless digital camera "FUJIFILM GFX100 II" Fujifilm [Japan] ]. 2023-09-18 . www.fujifilm.com . en.
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