Mondo Media Explained

Mondo Media, Inc.
Former Name:	Mechadeus (1993–1996) Mondo Mini Shows (1998-2012)
Type:	Private
Founders:	John Evershed Deirdre O'Malley
Location:	San Francisco, California
Key People:	Brendan Burch (CEO) Deirdre O'Malley (DBD) Christina Chavez (CMO) Douglas S. Kay (CFO)
Industry:	Entertainment
Subsid:	Mondo Mojo Mondo Studios

Mondo Media, Inc. is an American multimedia company that mainly produces online animation aimed at teens and young adults. It was founded in 1988 by John Evershed and Deirdre O'Malley in San Francisco, California.^[1]

Before Mondo Mini Shows, the company initially created content for various tech companies, before developing two video games, Critical Path in 1993 and The Daedalus Encounter in 1995, under the name Mechadeus. In the latter half of the 1990s, Mondo refocused on producing internet-based animation, under name Mondo Mini Shows which became the company's main business.

Mondo's most successful and popular shows are Happy Tree Friends, which has since spawned a multimedia franchise;^[2] and Dick Figures, which was adapted into a feature-length film and was nominated for an Annie Award.^[3]

According to AdAge Magazine in January 2013, Mondo Media was the top-ranked and all-time most popular YouTube channel, with 1.3 billion views and 1.3 million subscribers.^[4]

Television

In 2013, Canadian channel Bite teamed up with Mondo Media and YouTube to create Bite on Mondo, a program in which content creators pitched ideas for new shows. The pitches are funded through Mondo and use YouTube's popularity to decide whether or not they will be picked up. The winning pitches were broadcast on Bite on August 29, 2014.^{[5] [6]}

In October 2014, parent company Blue Ant Media, along with Mondo Media and Corus Entertainment announced that Teletoon would air a new series featuring shorts from the program. It was expected to premiere in 2016 on Teletoon at Night, but instead premiered on September 4, 2015 as Night Sweats on Adult Swim Canada.

In 2015, Mondo Media produced the sketch comedy series Like, Share, Die for Fusion, consisting of several short segments and episodes of Mondo-produced web series.

On September 19, 2016, it was announced that 6 Point Harness will be merged with Mondo Media, with Mondo Media as the surviving entity; Mondo would produce its television shows with the 6 Point Harness label, while maintaining their original name for consumer-facing activities and distribution of their web series.^[7] 6 Point Harness' founder and CEO Brendan Burch would replace John Evershed as the CEO of Mondo Media, though Evershed remains on the board of directors of the company.^[8]

In May 2019, El Rey Network aired an anthology of Mondo series called the Mondo Animation Hour.

Television shows

Mondo Media

Title	Year(s)	Network
Happy Tree Friends	2006	G4
Like, Share, Die	2015	Fusion TV
Night Sweats	2015	Adult Swim
Lastman (English dub)	2017	VRV
Gary and His Demons	2018–present	VRV (season 1) Amazon Prime Video (season 2)

6 Point Harness

See main article: 6 Point Harness.

Web series

Title	Year(s)	Created by	Description
4th Period Lunch	2012	Ilana Cohn and Tyler Spiers^[9]	Seven episodes aired during November and December 2012.
Archeologists	2014–present	Bart Batchelor and Chris Nielsen^[10]	Prologue series to World Doctors.
Allen's Pole	2018	Kevin Lee	4 episodes aired on VRV has been release on YouTube in 2020
Absolute Zero	2000-2001	Sandy Smallens and Vivian Barad	6 episode Release on Mondo Website
The Alien Guide To Earth	2019	Chris Korwawski & 1a4 Studio	10 episodes aired on VRV after release on YouTube
Bad Hybrid	2012	Animax Interactive^[11]	Six episodes aired between May and September 2012.
Baman Piderman	2009–2012; 2014–present	Alex and Lindsay Small-Butera^[12]	2 seasons of episodes aired and was often seen as one of Mondo's most popular shows. The creators co-operated on the series, Dick Figures.
Bedfellows	2013–present	Rob Schuldt, Kris Patrick^[13]	Various episodes have been shown on Mondo's channel after originally appearing on the Bedfellows channel.
BigFish	2009	-^[14]	Five episodes aired between July and September 2009.
Billy and the Bitch	2012	Dave Carter^[15]	Nine episodes, including a claymation Christmas special, aired between March and December 2012.
Black and White	2009	John Izen	41 episodes aired between February and July 2009.
Brogan: Master Of Castles	2019–present	House Of Ten	6 episodes aired On VRV after pilot Release on YouTube
Bubbles and Me	2012	Hamilton Craig and Brian Muelhaupt^[16]	A pilot was shown in May 2012, and two following episodes aired in September and October the same year.
Candy Hole	2009–2010	Brian Frisk^[17]	Six episodes aired between May 2009 and October 2010.
Cat Slap	2009–2010; 2012	Alan Foreman^[18]	Six episodes aired between September 2009 and April 2010, with an additional episode shown May 2012.
Chainmail Bikini Squad	2012	Melanie Albert and Geremy Walker^[19]	Seven episodes aired between May and October 2012.
Daddy and the Big Boy	2018present	Bart Batchelor & Chris Nielsen	Premiered on VRV in March 2018, before being uploaded to YouTube on November 11.
Deep Space 69	2012–present	Daniel Cardenas^[20]	Thirty-nine episodes have been shown, over the course of four seasons. Deep Space 69 is currently one of the main shows on Mondo.
Destructo Box	2011–ongoing	Joey Reinisch and Phil McLaughlin^[21]	Season one, containing 27 full episodes, have been shown during 2011. Season two was announced but as of 2016 has either been scrapped or in Development hell. Reinisch and McLaughlin's first Mondo series, before Game Program Attack.
Dick Figures	2010–2015	Ed Skudder and Zack Keller^[22]	Five full seasons have been shown. Dick Figures: The Movie is the first feature-length film co-produced and released by Mondo. Mondo also made a launch party for said movie.
Dirty Shorts	2012	Dan Avidan	Mondo's only live action show.
DJs in PJs	2012	Dan Avidan and Brian Wecht^[23]	Two episodes aired during June and July 2012.
Dr. Tran	2008–2010	Breehn Burns and Jason Johnson^[24]	Ten episodes aired during 2009 (the earliest episode "Here Comes Dr. Tran!" was created in 2003), followed by seven episodes of Dr. Tran Fan Mail shown in 2009 and 2010. Aired on G4's Late Night Peep Show. Co-production with Lone Sausage Productions.
Emergency 411	2010	Tim Heiderich^[25]	Two episodes aired in April 2010.
Fan Art Fridays	2013	Mondo Media^[26]	10 episodes aired between February and May 2013. Exclusive to the Mondo Media website.
Fanboy Rampage	2010	Davor Bujakovic and Junaid Chundrigar^[27]	Three episodes aired during September and October 2010.
Forest City Rockers	2010	Jim Dirschberger and Jay Howell^[28]	Three episodes aired during June and July 2010.
Fot & Angus	2011–2012	Alex Dron^[29]	Eight episodes aired between May 2011 and August 2012.
Fuggy Fuggy	2009–2010	Greg McLeod and Myles McLeod^[30]	Eight episodes aired between February 2009 and January 2010.
Game Program Attack	2012	Joey Reinisch and Phil McLaughlin^[31]	Thirteen episodes aired between April and November 2012. Reinisch and McLaughlin's second Mondo series, after Destructo Box.
Gary and His Demons	2018-present	Mark Little and Mark Satterthwaite^[32]	Sixteen episodes aired between April and August 2018, Season 2 was released on Amazon Prime Canada
The God & Devil Show	1999–2001	Aubrey Ankrum^[33]	43 episodes were created in 1999 and 2001, with ten being aired on YouTube in 2008.
Goodbye Kitty	2011	Todd Goldman^[34]	Ten episodes aired September and December 2011.
Goodwin VS Badwin	2012	Joshua Bowen and Peter Burton^[35]	Eight episodes aired between March and November 2012. Bowen and Burton's first Mondo series, before Mrs. Brickles.
Gundarr	2011–2015	Corey McDaniel and Ted Wilson	38 episodes were aired between 1 June 2011 and 25 November 2015. It is seen as one of Mondo's most popular shows.
Ham Radio	2012	Ryan Hernandez and Kurt Duggan^[36]	Five episodes aired between October and November 2012.
Happy Tree Friends	1999–present	Aubrey Ankrum, Rhode Montijo, and Kenn Navarro^[37]	The pioneer show for Mondo, with 194 regular episodes.
Hard Drinkin' Lincoln	2000-2002	Mike Reiss^[38]	Two episodes aired in July 2007 on Mondo's YouTube channel. Co-production with Icebox.
Heavy Metal Guy	1999-2001	Jason Sadler^[39]	Six episodes were produced in 2000; three episodes aired between March 2007 and March 2009 on Mondo's YouTube channel.
High Kittie	2010–2011	Gary Doodles^[40]	Two episodes aired during December 2010 and January 2011.
Inspector Beaver	2002	David Feiss^[41]	Two episodes aired during 2002.
Joe Cartoon	1998–present	Joseph C. Shields^[42] ^[43]	Began being shown on Mondo's website in 2012. Originally aired on Mondo as early as 2009.
KA-POW!	2009	Aubrey Ankrum, Rhode Montijo and Kenn Navarro^[44]	Spin-off to Happy Tree Friends. Six episodes have been shown during February and March 2009.
Kung Fu Karl	2012–2013	Mike Parker and Michael William^[45]	27 episodes have been shown between February 2012 and June 2013. Co-production with Lowbrow Studios.
Kevin Spencer	1998–1999	Greg Lawrence	12 shorts being released before the series was picked up by The Comedy Network, inaugural series for Mondo Media.
LarkMart	2010	Aaron Simpson^[46]	Four episodes aired between February and July 2010.
Larva Animation	2012-2014	Synergy Media^[47]	Over 91 episodes have aired between the 2010s.
Like News	1999–2001	Don Asmussen^[48]	Eleven episodes aired during October and November 2008. Around 1999–2001, some of them aired on various websites.
Merci Satan	2012	http://www.mondomedia.com/shows/merci-satan/^[49]	Four episodes aired between July and September 2012.
Mrs. Brickles	2012	Joshua Bowen and Peter Burton^[50]	Three episodes aired during June and July 2012. Bowen and Burton's second Mondo series, after Goodwin VS Badwin.
Mr. Wong	2009–2010	Pam Brady and Kyle McCulloch^[51]	Five three-part episodes aired April 2009 and March 2010.
NewsHit	2012	Nick denBoer & Davy Force^[52]	12 episodes aired between January and October 2012.
Oliver Age 24	2013	Oliver Hindle^[53]	Mondo Partnered channel began airing February 2013.
Off The Curb	2012	Carlos Alazraqui, Cedric Yarbrough, John Di Maggio, Fred Tatasciore and Gary Anthony Williams^[54]	Five episodes aired between July and October 2012. Stars the voices of Carlos Alazraqui, Cedric Yarbrough, John DiMaggio, Fred Tatasciore and Gary Anthony Williams
Parenthesis Humor	2015	Stephen Sloan^[55]	Three episodes aired between August and December 2015.
Papercuts	2012	Alex Horan and Johnny Chew^[56]	Three episodes aired between May and August 2012.
Piki & Poko: Adventures in StarLand	1999-2001	Rowan Cutler and Mark Ewert^[57]	27 episodes aired from 1999 to 2001.
Poker Night	2007–2010	Rob Greenberg and Bill Corbett^[58]	Four episodes aired between February 2007 and April 2010.
Post Nuclear Family	2012	Rich Moyer^[59]	Seven episodes aired between March and October 2012.
Raised By Zombies	2012–2013	Mati Chavez^[60]	Seven episodes aired between August 2012 and June 2013.
Sketched Out	2012	Mondo Media^[61]	A series of seven episodes aired during August and September 2012, with how-to draw tutorials by various Mondo Media creators.
Skill Me Now	2012	Dan Milano^[62]	Six episodes aired between May and September 2012.
Super Celery Man	2012	Kieran Sugrue^[63]	Four episodes aired between March and July 2012, followed by a Christmas special on December that year.
TAC	2010	Michel Beaudet^[64]	English dub of Têtes à claques. Eight episodes aired between March and October 2010.
Thugs on Film	1999–2001	Dan Todd^[65]	Originally was available to watch in its entirety on the Mondo Mini Shows website throughout 1999-2001.^[66] ^[67] Five episodes aired on YouTube throughout 2007-2008.
Trailer Trash	2011	Max Benator and Todd Goldman^[68]	Fourteen episodes aired between June and December 2011.
This Modern World	2000–2001	Tom Tomorrow	Based on comic srip same name
Trapped in Technology	2012	Rob Manuel^[69]	Five episodes aired during June and August 2012.
Turbo Fantasy	2012-2018	David Ferguson^[70]	Seven episodes aired between May and December 2012. A 2nd season premiered on VRV on August 27, 2018.
Video Game Therapist	2012	Mike McCafferty^[71]	Three episodes aired between June and November 2012.
World Doctors	2014–2015	Bart Batchelor & Chris Nielsen^[72]	25 episodes have aired to date, in addition to many short supplemental videos including World Doctors Outreach.
Zombie College	2008–2010	Eric Kaplan^[73]	Eleven episodes aired between October 2009 and November 2010. Features the voice talent of David Herman (King of the Hill, Beavis and Butt-head), Pamela Segall (King of the Hill, Recess), John DiMaggio (Futurama, Adventure Time) and Billy West (Futurama, The Ren & Stimpy Show).

Failed pilots

Show	Pilot Name	Year(s)
Ad Wizards	"Pilot"^[74]	2012
Book Em Nerdo	"Forget it, Ryu. It's Chinatown"^[75]	2012
Dallas Heck	"Pilot"^[76]	2012
Duck Weed	"The Boonies"^[77]	2012
Epic Comments	"Happy Tree Friends"^[78]	2012
Explosion Force	"Pilot"^[79]	2012
Frankly Frank	"My Eyes are Up Here"^[80]	2012
Going Nowhere	"Teen Wolf Lady Magnet"^[81]	2012
I, Pineapple	"Pilot"^[82]	2012
Miami Mermaids	"Pilot"^[83]	2012
Neanderlulz	"Pilot"^[84]	2012
Slash 'Em	"Pilot"^[85]	2012
Star Jerks	"Pilot"^[86]	2012
Suck Tower	"The Suck"^[87]	2012
SUPERSTUPID	"Pilot"^[88]	2012
Vileville	"Pilot"^[89]	2012
Villain Complex	"Pilot"^[90]	2012
Work Horse	"Busted"^[91]	2012
Youth Troop Tommy	"Pilot"^[92]	2012
NPC	"Pilot"^[93]	2017

Feature films

Title	Year(s)	Director(s)	Co-production companies	Notes
	2013	Ed Skudder Zack Keller	Six Point Harness Remochoso
Aachi & Ssipak	2014	Jo Beom-jin (original version) Ed Skudder Zack Keller (English dub)	Studio 2.0 JTeam Studios	English dub only
Untitled Happy Tree Friends film	TBA	TBA	Home Plate Entertainment	In development^[94]
Untitled sequel	TBA	Ed Skudder Zack Keller		In development^[95]
Untitled Deep Space 69 film	TBA	TBA		In development^[96]

Graphic and art design

Show/Channel	Year(s)	Creator/Developer/Publisher	Description
Zoog Disney	1998–2002	Drew Takahashi^[97]	Programming block produced for Disney Channel. First season co-produced with Colossal Pictures.
Centipede	1998/1999	Leaping Lizard Software Hasbro Interactive	Video Game.^[98] ^[99]

Video games

Title	Year(s)	Publishers/Co-developer(s)	Platform(s)
Critical Path	1993	Media Vision	Microsoft Windows, Macintosh
The Daedalus Encounter	1995	Virgin Interactive Entertainment Panasonic	Microsoft Windows, Macintosh, 3DO
	2008	Stainless Games Sega	Microsoft Windows Xbox 360
Happy Tree Friends: Deadeye Derby	2014		iOS Android
The Crackpet Show: Happy Tree Friends Edition	2023	Ravenage Games Vixa Games	Steam GOG.com Epic Games Xbox One S PS4 PS5 Nintendo Switch

External links

• Mondo Media official website
• Mondo Media on YouTube

Notes and References

1. Web site: MONDOMEDIA - Main . Mondo Media . bot: unknown . https://web.archive.org/web/19981202055342/http://www.mondomed.com/ . 1998-12-02 .
2. Web site: Happy Tree Friends. Horn. Jesse. December 10, 2010. Interview with Mondo Media CEO John Evershed. Oddities Magazine. 7 February 2013.
3. Web site: 49th Annual Annie Awards.
4. Russell. Mallory. January 9, 2013. At Long Last, YouTube Has a New No. 1 Original Channel. Advertising Age. February 7, 2013.
5. http://blueantmedia.ca/2013/11/blue-ant-media-mondo-media-team-up-with-youtube-to-launch-3-million-animated-comedy-program-in-canada/ BLUE ANT MEDIA & MONDO MEDIA TEAM UP WITH YOUTUBE TO LAUNCH $3 MILLION ANIMATED COMEDY PROGRAM IN CANADA
6. Web site: Full episodes and TV Listings- Zap2it.com . Tvschedule.zap2it.com . 2022-05-13.
7. Web site: Amidi . Amid . 2016-09-19 . Mondo Media and Six Point Harness Finalize Merger . 2023-03-30 . Cartoon Brew . en-US.
8. Web site: Ricker . Ko . 2018-08-17 . How The Studio Six Point Harness is Blazing a Trail for Studio IP Ownership and Control . 2024-01-18 . Cartoon Brew . en-US.
9. Web site: 4th Period Lunch - Mondo . Mondo Media.
10. Web site: Archeologists - Mondo . Mondo Media.
11. Web site: Bad Hybrid - Mondo . Mondo Media.
12. Web site: Baman Piderman - Mondo . Mondo Media.
13. Web site: Bedfellows - Mondo . Mondo Media.
14. Web site: BigFish - all episodes - YouTube . YouTube.
15. Web site: Billy and the Bitch - Mondo . Mondo Media.
16. Web site: Bubbles and Me - Mondo . Mondo Media.
17. Web site: Candy Hole - Mondo . Mondo Media.
18. Web site: Cat Slap - Mondo . Mondo Media.
19. Web site: Chainmail Bikini Squad - Mondo . Mondo Media.
20. Web site: Deep Space 69 - Mondo . Mondo Media.
21. Web site: Destructo Box - Mondo . Mondo Media.
22. Web site: Dick Figures - Mondo . Mondo Media.
23. Web site: DJ's In PJ's - Mondo . Mondo Media.
24. Web site: Dr. Tran - Mondo . Mondo Media.
25. Web site: Emergency 411 - Mondo . Mondo Media.
26. Web site: Fan Art Fridays - Mondo . Mondo Media.
27. Web site: Fanboy Rampage - Mondo . Mondo Media.
28. Web site: Forest City Rockers - Mondo . Mondo Media.
29. Web site: Fot & Angus - Mondo . Mondo Media.
30. Web site: Fuggy Fuggy - Mondo . Mondo Media.
31. Web site: Game Program Attack - Mondo . Mondo Media.
32. Web site: Look Mom!, Mondo take on Demons. 2021-09-03. C21media. en-us.
33. Web site: The God & Devil Show - all episodes - YouTube . YouTube.
34. Web site: Goodbye Kitty - Mondo . Mondo Media.
35. Web site: Goodwin VS Badwin - Mondo . Mondo Media.
36. Web site: Ham Radio - Mondo . Mondo Media.
37. Web site: Happy Tree Friends - Mondo . Mondo Media.
38. Web site: Hard Drinkin' Lincoln - all episodes - YouTube . YouTube.
39. Web site: Heavy Metal Guy - all episodes - YouTube . YouTube.
40. Web site: High Kittie - Mondo. Mondo Media. 2013-07-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20141113121603/http://www.mondomedia.com/shows/high-kittie/. 2014-11-13. dead.
41. Web site: Inspector Beaver - Mondo . Mondo Media.
42. Web site: Joe Cartoon - Mondo . Mondo Media.
43. Web site: Joe Cartoon - YouTube . YouTube.
44. Web site: KA-POW! - Mondo . Mondo Media.
45. Web site: Kung Fu Karl - Mondo . Mondo Media.
46. Web site: LarkMart - Mondo . Mondo Media.
47. Web site: Larva Animation - Mondo . Mondo Media.
48. Web site: Like News - all episodes - YouTube . YouTube.
49. Web site: Merci Satan - Mondo . Mondo Media.
50. Web site: Mrs. Brickles - Mondo . Mondo Media.
51. Web site: Mr. Wong - all episodes - YouTube . YouTube.
52. Web site: NewsHit - Mondo - YouTube . YouTube.
53. Web site: Oliver Age 24 - YouTube . YouTube.
54. Web site: Off The Curb - Mondo . Mondo Media.
55. Web site: Parenthesis Humor - Mondo . Mondo Media.
56. Web site: Papercuts - Mondo . Mondo Media.
57. Web site: Piki and Poko - Adventures in Starland - Ep. 1: Perfect Match - YouTube . YouTube.
58. Web site: Poker Night - all episodes - YouTube . YouTube.
59. Web site: Post Nuclear Family - Mondo . Mondo Media.
60. Web site: Raised By Zombies - Mondo . Mondo Media.
61. Web site: Sketched Out - Mondo . Mondo Media.
62. Web site: Skill Me Now - Mondo . Mondo Media.
63. Web site: Super Celery Man - Mondo . Mondo Media.
64. Web site: TAC - all episodes - YouTube . YouTube.
65. Web site: Thugs on Film - all episodes - YouTube . YouTube.
66. Web site: 2000-03-02 . 2023-05-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20000302215502/http://216.34.30.134/ . 2000-03-02 .
67. Web site: 2001-07-26 . Thugs on Film on IMDb.com . 2023-05-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20010726020959/http://rm.mondominishows.com:80/feedback/affiliates/imdb/thugs_on_film/feedback.asp?firstIndex=29 . 2001-07-26 .
68. Web site: Trailer Trash - Mondo . Mondo Media.
69. Web site: Trapped in Technology - Mondo . Mondo Media.
70. Web site: Turbo Fantasy - Mondo . Mondo Media.
71. Web site: Video Game Therapist - Mondo . Mondo Media.
72. Web site: World Doctors - Mondo . Mondo Media.
73. Web site: Zombie College - Mondo . Mondo Media.
74. Web site: Ad Wizards - Pilot - YouTube . YouTube.
75. Web site: Book Em Nerdo - Pilots - Mondo . Mondo Media.
76. Web site: Dallas Heck - Pilots - Mondo . Mondo Media.
77. Web site: Duck Weed - Pilots - Mondo . Mondo Media.
78. Web site: Epic Comments - Pilots - Mondo . Mondo Media.
79. Web site: Explosion Force - Pilots - Mondo . Mondo Media.
80. Web site: Frankly Frank – My Eyes are Up Here - Pilots - Mondo . Mondo Media.
81. Web site: Going Nowhere - Pilots - Mondo . Mondo Media.
82. Web site: I, Pineapple - Pilot - YouTube . YouTube.
83. Web site: Miami Mermaids - Pilots - Mondo . Mondo Media.
84. Web site: Neanderlulz – Pilot - Pilots - Mondo . Mondo Media.
85. Web site: Slash 'Em - Pilots - Mondo . Mondo Media.
86. Web site: Start Jerks - Pilots - Mondo . Mondo Media.
87. Web site: Suck Tower - The Suck - Pilots - Mondo . Mondo Media.
88. Web site: SUPERSTUPID - Pilot - YouTube . YouTube.
89. Web site: Vileville - Pilot - Pilots - Mondo. Mondo Media. 2013-07-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20140414092839/http://www.mondomedia.com/videos/vileville-pilot/. 2014-04-14. dead.
90. Web site: Villain Complex - Pilot - Pilots - Mondo . Mondo Media.
91. Web site: Work Horse - Pilots - Mondo . Mondo Media.
92. Web site: Book Em Nerdo – Dallas Heck - Pilots - Mondo . Mondo Media.
93. Web site: NPC - Pilot - YouTube . YouTube.
94. Web site: Animation MCN Mondo Media Teams With 'Simpsons' Producer On Three New Movies. October 10, 2014.
95. Web site: Mondo Announces Feature Film Plans for 'Happy Tree Friends,' 'Dick Figures' and 'Deep Space 69'. October 15, 2014.
96. Web site: Mondo Media to Produce Three More Features. October 9, 2014.
97. Web site: (Colossal) And Zoog Disney . Animation World Network.
98. https://ubm-twvideo01.s3.amazonaws.com/o1/vault/GD_Mag_Archives/GDM_September_1999.pdf Game Developer Magazine September 1999
99. Web site: Mondo Media . www.mondomed.com . 19 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/19990419214023/http://www.mondomed.com/project/P16_cent/S_01.html . 19 April 1999 . dead.