68th United States Congress explained

Imagedate:	1906
Number:	68th
Start:	March 4, 1923
End:	March 4, 1925
Vp:	Calvin Coolidge (R) (until August 2, 1923) Vacant (from August 2, 1923)
Pro Tem:	Albert B. Cummins (R)
Speaker:	Frederick H. Gillett (R)
Senators:	96
Reps:	435
Delegates:	5
S-Majority:	Republican
H-Majority:	Republican
Sessionnumber1:	1st
Sessionstart1:	December 3, 1923
Sessionend1:	June 7, 1924
Sessionnumber2:	2nd
Sessionstart2:	December 1, 1924
Sessionend2:	March 3, 1925
Previous:	67th
Next:	69th

The 68th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1923, to March 4, 1925, during the last months of Warren G. Harding's presidency, and the first years of the administration of his successor, Calvin Coolidge. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1910 United States census.

Both chambers maintained a Republican majority—albeit greatly reduced from the previous Congress and with losing supermajority status in the House—and along with President Harding, the Republicans maintained an overall federal government trifecta.^[1]

Major events

See main article: 1923 in the United States, 1924 in the United States and 1925 in the United States.

August 2, 1923: President Warren G. Harding dies, and Vice President Calvin Coolidge becomes President of the United States
December 3–5, 1923: The election for the House speakership takes 9 ballots

Major legislation

April 26, 1924: Seed and Feed Loan Act
May 19, 1924: World War Adjusted Compensation Act (Bonus Bill), Sess. 1, ch. 157,
May 24, 1924: Rogers Act
May 26, 1924: Immigration Act of 1924 (Johnson–Reed Act), Sess. 1, ch. 190,
May 29, 1924: Indian Oil Leasing Act of 1924 (Lenroot Act)
June 2, 1924: Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 (Snyder Act), Sess. 1, ch. 233,
June 2, 1924: Revenue Act of 1924 (Simmons–Longworth Act), Sess. 1, ch. 234,
June 3, 1924: Inland Waterways Act of 1924 (Denison Act)
June 7, 1924: Pueblo Lands Act of 1924
June 7, 1924: Oil Pollution Act of 1924,, ch. 316,
June 7, 1924: Clarke–McNary Act, Sess. 1, ch. 348,
January 30, 1925: Hoch–Smith Resolution
January 31, 1925: Special Duties Act
February 2, 1925: Air Mail Act of 1925 (Kelly Act)
February 12, 1925: Federal Arbitration Act
February 16, 1925: Home Port Act of 1925
February 24, 1925: Purnell Act
February 27, 1925: Temple Act
February 28, 1925: Classification Act of 1925
February 28, 1925: Federal Corrupt Practices Act (Gerry Act)
March 2, 1925: Judiciary Act of 1925
March 3, 1925: River and Harbors Act of 1925
March 3, 1925: Helium Act of 1925
March 4, 1925: Establishment of the United States Navy Band
March 4, 1925: Probation Act of 1925

Constitutional amendments

June 2, 1924: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution that would specifically authorize Congress to regulate "labor of persons under eighteen years of age", and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification^[2]
- This amendment, commonly known as the Child Labor Amendment, has not been ratified and is still pending before the states.^[3]

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below.

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

President

Calvin Coolidge (R), until August 3, 1923; vacant thereafter.

President pro tempore

Albert B. Cummins (R)

Majority (Republican) leadership

Majority leader: Charles Curtis
Majority whip: Wesley L. Jones
Republican Conference Secretary: James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr.
National Senatorial Committee Chair: George H. Moses

Minority (Democratic) leadership

Minority leader: Joseph T. Robinson
Minority whip: Peter G. Gerry
Democratic Caucus Secretary: William H. King

House of Representatives

Speaker: Frederick H. Gillett (R) elected December 5, 1923, after 9 rounds of balloting

Majority (Republican) leadership

Majority leader: Nicholas Longworth
Majority Whip: Albert H. Vestal
Republican Conference Chairman: Sydney Anderson
Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: William R. Wood

Minority (Democratic) leadership

Minority Leader

Finis J. Garrett

Minority Whip

William Allan Oldfield

Democratic Caucus Chairman: Henry Thomas Rainey
Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Arthur B. Rouse

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1928; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1924; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1926.

2. J. Thomas Heflin (D)

3. Oscar Underwood (D)

1. Henry F. Ashurst (D)

3. Ralph H. Cameron (R)

2. Joseph Taylor Robinson (D)

3. Thaddeus H. Caraway (D)

1. Hiram W. Johnson (R)

3. Samuel M. Shortridge (R)

2. Lawrence C. Phipps (R)

3. Samuel D. Nicholson (R), until March 24, 1923

Alva B. Adams (D), from May 17, 1923, until November 30, 1924

Rice W. Means (R), from December 1, 1924

1. George P. McLean (R)

3. Frank B. Brandegee (R), until October 14, 1924

Hiram Bingham III (R), from December 17, 1924

1. Thomas F. Bayard Jr. (D)

2. L. Heisler Ball (R)

1. Park Trammell (D)

3. Duncan U. Fletcher (D)

2. William J. Harris (D)

3. Walter F. George (D)

2. William E. Borah (R)

3. Frank R. Gooding (R)

2. J. Medill McCormick (R), until February 25, 1925

Charles S. Deneen (R), from February 26, 1925

3. William B. McKinley (R)

1. Samuel M. Ralston (D)

3. James E. Watson (R)

2. Smith W. Brookhart (R)

3. Albert B. Cummins (R)

2. Arthur Capper (R)

3. Charles Curtis (R)

2. Augustus O. Stanley (D)

3. Richard P. Ernst (R)

2. Joseph E. Ransdell (D)

3. Edwin S. Broussard (D)

1. Frederick Hale (R)

2. Bert M. Fernald (R)

1. William Cabell Bruce (D)

3. Ovington E. Weller (R)

1. Henry Cabot Lodge (R), until November 9, 1924

William M. Butler (R), from November 13, 1924

2. David I. Walsh (D)

1. Woodbridge N. Ferris (D)

2. James J. Couzens (R)

1. Henrik Shipstead (FL)

2. Knute Nelson (R), until April 28, 1923

Magnus Johnson (FL), from July 16, 1923

1. Hubert D. Stephens (D)

2. Pat Harrison (D)

1. James A. Reed (D)

3. Selden P. Spencer (R)

1. Burton K. Wheeler (D)

2. Thomas J. Walsh (D)

1. Robert B. Howell (R)

2. George W. Norris (R)

1. Key Pittman (D)

3. Tasker Oddie (R)

2. Henry W. Keyes (R)

3. George H. Moses (R)

1. Edward I. Edwards (D)

2. Walter E. Edge (R)

1. Andrieus A. Jones (D)

2. Holm O. Bursum (R)

1. Royal S. Copeland (D)

3. James W. Wadsworth Jr. (R)

3. Lee S. Overman (D)

2. Furnifold M. Simmons (D)

1. Lynn Frazier (R-NPL)

3. Edwin F. Ladd (R)

1. Simeon D. Fess (R)

3. Frank B. Willis (R)

2. Robert L. Owen (D)

3. John W. Harreld (R)

2. Charles L. McNary (R)

3. Robert N. Stanfield (R)

1. David A. Reed (R)

3. George Wharton Pepper (R)

1. Peter G. Gerry (D)

2. LeBaron B. Colt (R), until August 18, 1924

Jesse H. Metcalf (R), from November 5, 1924

2. Nathaniel B. Dial (D)

3. Ellison D. Smith (D)

2. Thomas Sterling (R)

3. Peter Norbeck (R)

1. Kenneth D. McKellar (D)

2. John K. Shields (D)

1. Earle B. Mayfield (D)

2. Morris Sheppard (D)

1. William H. King (D)

3. Reed Smoot (R)

1. Frank L. Greene (R)

3. William P. Dillingham (R), until July 12, 1923

Porter H. Dale (R), from November 7, 1923

1. Claude A. Swanson (D)

2. Carter Glass (D)

1. Clarence Cleveland Dill (D)

3. Wesley L. Jones (R)

1. Matthew M. Neely (D)

2. Davis Elkins (R)

1. Robert M. La Follette Sr. (R)

3. Irvine L. Lenroot (R)

1. John B. Kendrick (D)

2. Francis E. Warren (R)

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by their district numbers.

. John McDuffie (D)

. John R. Tyson (D), until March 27, 1923

J. Lister Hill (D), from August 14, 1923

. Henry B. Steagall (D)

. Lamar Jeffers (D)

. William B. Bowling (D)

. William B. Oliver (D)

. Miles C. Allgood (D)

. Edward B. Almon (D)

. George Huddleston (D)

. William B. Bankhead (D)

. Carl Hayden (D)

. William J. Driver (D)

. William A. Oldfield (D)

. John N. Tillman (D)

. Otis Wingo (D)

. Heartsill Ragon (D)

. Lewis E. Sawyer (D), until May 5, 1923

James B. Reed (D), from October 6, 1923

. Tilman B. Parks (D)

. Clarence F. Lea (D)

. John E. Raker (D)

. Charles F. Curry (R)

. Julius Kahn (R), until December 18, 1924

. Mae E. Nolan (R)

. James H. MacLafferty (R)

. Henry E. Barbour (R)

. Arthur M. Free (R)

. Walter F. Lineberger (R)

. John D. Fredericks (R), from May 1, 1923

. Philip D. Swing (R)

. William N. Vaile (R)

. Charles Bateman Timberlake (R)

. Guy U. Hardy (R)

. Edward T. Taylor (D)

. E. Hart Fenn (R)

. Richard P. Freeman (R)

. John Q. Tilson (R)

. Schuyler Merritt (R)

. Patrick B. O'Sullivan (D)

. William H. Boyce (D)

. Herbert J. Drane (D)

. Frank Clark (D)

. John H. Smithwick (D)

. William J. Sears (D)

. R. Lee Moore (D)

. Frank Park (D)

. Charles R. Crisp (D)

. William C. Wright (D)

. William D. Upshaw (D)

. James W. Wise (D)

. Gordon Lee (D)

. Charles H. Brand (D)

. Thomas Montgomery Bell (D)

. Carl Vinson (D)

. William C. Lankford (D)

. William W. Larsen (D)

. Burton L. French (R)

. Addison T. Smith (R)

. Martin B. Madden (R)

. Morton D. Hull (R), from April 3, 1923

. Elliott W. Sproul (R)

. John W. Rainey (D), until May 4, 1923

Thomas A. Doyle (D), from November 6, 1923

. Adolph J. Sabath (D)

. James R. Buckley (D)

. M. Alfred Michaelson (R)

. Stanley H. Kunz (D)

. Frederick A. Britten (R)

. Carl R. Chindblom (R)

. Frank R. Reid (R)

. Charles Eugene Fuller (R)

. John C. McKenzie (R)

. William J. Graham (R), until June 7, 1924

. Edward John King (R)

. William E. Hull (R)

. Frank H. Funk (R)

. William P. Holaday (R)

. Allen F. Moore (R)

. Henry T. Rainey (D)

. J. Earl Major (D)

. Edward E. Miller (R)

. William W. Arnold (D)

. Thomas S. Williams (R)

. Edward E. Denison (R)

. Henry R. Rathbone (R)

. Richard Yates Jr. (R)

. William E. Wilson (D)

. Arthur H. Greenwood (D)

. Frank Gardner (D)

. Harry C. Canfield (D)

. Everett Sanders (R)

. Richard N. Elliott (R)

. Merrill Moores (R)

. Albert H. Vestal (R)

. Fred S. Purnell (R)

. William R. Wood (R)

. Samuel E. Cook (D)

. Louis W. Fairfield (R)

. Andrew J. Hickey (R)

. William F. Kopp (R)

. Harry E. Hull (R)

. Thomas J. B. Robinson (R)

. Gilbert N. Haugen (R)

. Cyrenus Cole (R)

. C. William Ramseyer (R)

. Cassius C. Dowell (R)

. Horace M. Towner (R), until April 1, 1923

Hiram K. Evans (R), from June 4, 1923

. William R. Green (R)

. Lester J. Dickinson (R)

. William D. Boies (R)

. Daniel Read Anthony Jr. (R)

. Edward C. Little (R), until June 27, 1924

Ulysses S. Guyer (R), from November 4, 1924

. William H. Sproul (R)

. Homer Hoch (R)

. James G. Strong (R)

. Hays B. White (R)

. Jasper N. Tincher (R)

. William A. Ayres (D)

. Alben Barkley (D)

. David Hayes Kincheloe (D)

. Robert Y. Thomas Jr. (D)

. Ben Johnson (D)

. Maurice H. Thatcher (R)

. Arthur B. Rouse (D)

. J. Campbell Cantrill (D), until September 2, 1923

Joseph W. Morris (D), from November 30, 1923

. Ralph W. E. Gilbert (D)

. William Jason Fields (D), until December 11, 1923

Fred M. Vinson (D), from January 24, 1924

. John W. Langley (R)

. John M. Robsion (R)

. James O'Connor (D)

. Henry Garland Dupré (D), until February 21, 1924

J. Zach Spearing (D), from April 22, 1924

. Whitmell P. Martin (D)

. John N. Sandlin (D)

. Riley Joseph Wilson (D)

. George K. Favrot (D)

. Ladislas Lazaro (D)

. James Benjamin Aswell (D)

. Carroll L. Beedy (R)

. Wallace H. White Jr. (R)

. John E. Nelson (R)

. Ira G. Hersey (R)

. T. Alan Goldsborough (D)

. Millard Tydings (D)

. John Philip Hill (R)

. J. Charles Linthicum (D)

. Sydney Emanuel Mudd II (R), until October 11, 1924

Stephen W. Gambrill (D), from November 4, 1924

. Frederick N. Zihlman (R)

. Allen T. Treadway (R)

. Frederick H. Gillett (R)

. Calvin D. Paige (R)

. Samuel E. Winslow (R)

. John J. Rogers (R)

. A. Piatt Andrew Jr. (R)

. William P. Connery Jr. (D)

. Frederick W. Dallinger (R)

. Charles L. Underhill (R)

. Peter F. Tague (D)

. George H. Tinkham (R)

. James A. Gallivan (D)

. Robert Luce (R)

. Louis A. Frothingham (R)

. William S. Greene (R), until September 22, 1924

Robert M. Leach (R), from November 4, 1924

. Charles L. Gifford (R)

. Robert H. Clancy (D)

. Earl C. Michener (R)

. John M. C. Smith (R), until March 30, 1923

Arthur B. Williams (R), from June 19, 1923

. John C. Ketcham (R)

. Carl Mapes (R)

. Grant M. Hudson (R)

. Louis C. Cramton (R)

. Bird J. Vincent (R)

. James C. McLaughlin (R)

. Roy O. Woodruff (R)

. Frank D. Scott (R)

. W. Frank James (R)

. Clarence J. McLeod (R)

. Sydney Anderson (R)

. Frank Clague (R)

. Charles Russell Davis (R)

. Oscar E. Keller (R)

. Walter H. Newton (R)

. Harold Knutson (R)

. Ole J. Kvale (FL)

. Oscar J. Larson (R)

. Knud Wefald (FL)

. Thomas D. Schall (R)

. John E. Rankin (D)

. Bill G. Lowrey (D)

. Benjamin G. Humphreys II (D), until October 16, 1923

William Y. Humphreys (D), from November 27, 1923

. T. Jefferson Busby (D)

. Ross A. Collins (D)

. T. Webber Wilson (D)

. Percy E. Quin (D)

. James W. Collier (D)

. Milton A. Romjue (D)

. Ralph F. Lozier (D)

. Jacob L. Milligan (D)

. Charles L. Faust (R)

. Henry L. Jost (D)

. Clement C. Dickinson (D)

. Samuel C. Major (D)

. Sidney C. Roach (R)

. Clarence Cannon (D)

. Cleveland A. Newton (R)

. Harry B. Hawes (D)

. Leonidas C. Dyer (R)

. J. Scott Wolff (D)

. James F. Fulbright (D)

. Joe J. Manlove (R)

. Thomas L. Rubey (D)

. John M. Evans (D)

. Scott Leavitt (R)

. John H. Morehead (D)

. Willis G. Sears (R)

. Edgar Howard (D)

. Melvin O. McLaughlin (R)

. Ashton C. Shallenberger (D)

. Robert G. Simmons (R)

. Charles L. Richards (D)

. William N. Rogers (D)

. Edward Hills Wason (R)

. Francis F. Patterson Jr. (R)

. Isaac Bacharach (R)

. Elmer H. Geran (D)

. Charles Browne (D)

. Ernest R. Ackerman (R)

. Randolph Perkins (R)

. George N. Seger (R)

. Frank J. McNulty (D)

. Daniel F. Minahan (D)

. Frederick R. Lehlbach (R)

. John J. Eagan (D)

. Charles F. X. O'Brien (D)

. John Morrow (D)

. Robert L. Bacon (R)

. John J. Kindred (D)

. George W. Lindsay (D)

. Thomas H. Cullen (D)

. Loring M. Black Jr. (D)

. Charles I. Stengle (D)

. John Quayle (D)

. William E. Cleary (D)

. David J. O'Connell (D)

. Emanuel Celler (D)

. Daniel J. Riordan (D), until April 28, 1923

Anning S. Prall (D), from November 6, 1923

. Samuel Dickstein (D)

. Christopher D. Sullivan (D)

. Nathan D. Perlman (R)

. John J. Boylan (D)

. John J. O'Connor (D), from November 6, 1923

. Ogden L. Mills (R)

. John F. Carew (D)

. Sol Bloom (D)

. Fiorello H. LaGuardia (R)

. Royal H. Weller (D)

. Anthony J. Griffin (D)

. Frank Oliver (D)

. James V. Ganly (D), until September 7, 1923

Benjamin L. Fairchild (R), from November 6, 1923

. J. Mayhew Wainwright (R)

. Hamilton Fish III (R)

. Charles B. Ward (R)

. Parker Corning (D)

. James S. Parker (R)

. Frank Crowther (R)

. Bertrand H. Snell (R)

. Luther W. Mott (R), until July 10, 1923

Thaddeus C. Sweet (R), from November 6, 1923

. Homer P. Snyder (R)

. John D. Clarke (R)

. Walter W. Magee (R)

. John Taber (R)

. Gale H. Stalker (R)

. Meyer Jacobstein (D)

. Archie D. Sanders (R)

. S. Wallace Dempsey (R)

. Clarence MacGregor (R)

. James M. Mead (D)

. Daniel A. Reed (R)

. Hallett S. Ward (D)

. Claude Kitchin (D), until May 31, 1923

John H. Kerr (D), from November 6, 1923

. Charles L. Abernethy (D)

. Edward W. Pou (D)

. Charles M. Stedman (D)

. Homer L. Lyon (D)

. William C. Hammer (D)

. Robert L. Doughton (D)

. Alfred L. Bulwinkle (D)

. Zebulon Weaver (D)

. Olger B. Burtness (R)

. George M. Young (R), until September 2, 1924

Thomas Hall (R), from November 4, 1924

. James H. Sinclair (R)

. Nicholas Longworth (R)

. Ambrose E. B. Stephens (R)

. Roy G. Fitzgerald (R)

. John L. Cable (R)

. Charles J. Thompson (R)

. Charles C. Kearns (R)

. Charles Brand (R)

. R. Clinton Cole (R)

. Isaac R. Sherwood (D)

. Israel M. Foster (R)

. Mell G. Underwood (D)

. John C. Speaks (R)

. James T. Begg (R)

. Martin L. Davey (D)

. C. Ellis Moore (R)

. John McSweeney (D)

. William M. Morgan (R)

. B. Frank Murphy (R)

. John G. Cooper (R)

. Charles A. Mooney (D)

. Robert Crosser (D)

. Theodore E. Burton (R)

. Everette B. Howard (D)

. William W. Hastings (D)

. Charles D. Carter (D)

. Tom D. McKeown (D)

. Fletcher B. Swank (D)

. Elmer Thomas (D)

. James V. McClintic (D)

. Milton C. Garber (R)

. Willis C. Hawley (R)

. Nicholas J. Sinnott (R)

. Elton Watkins (D)

. William S. Vare (R)

. George S. Graham (R)

. Harry C. Ransley (R)

. George W. Edmonds (R)

. James J. Connolly (R)

. George A. Welsh (R)

. George P. Darrow (R)

. Thomas S. Butler (R)

. Henry W. Watson (R)

. William W. Griest (R)

. Laurence H. Watres (R)

. John J. Casey (D)

. George F. Brumm (R)

. William M. Croll (D)

. Louis T. McFadden (R)

. Edgar R. Kiess (R)

. Herbert W. Cummings (D)

. Edward M. Beers (R)

. Frank C. Sites (D)

. George M. Wertz (R)

. J. Banks Kurtz (R)

. Samuel F. Glatfelter (D)

. William I. Swoope (R)

. Samuel A. Kendall (R)

. Henry W. Temple (R)

. Thomas W. Phillips Jr. (R)

. Nathan L. Strong (R)

. Harris J. Bixler (R)

. Milton W. Shreve (R)

. Everett Kent (D)

. Adam M. Wyant (R)

. Stephen G. Porter (R)

. M. Clyde Kelly (R)

. John M. Morin (R)

. James M. Magee (R)

. Guy E. Campbell (R)

. Clark Burdick (R)

. Richard S. Aldrich (R)

. Jeremiah E. O'Connell (D)

. W. Turner Logan (D)

. James F. Byrnes (D)

. Fred H. Dominick (D)

. John J. McSwain (D)

. William F. Stevenson (D)

. Allard H. Gasque (D)

. Hampton P. Fulmer (D)

. Charles A. Christopherson (R)

. Royal C. Johnson (R)

. William Williamson (R)

. B. Carroll Reece (R)

. J. Will Taylor (R)

. Samuel D. McReynolds (D)

. Cordell Hull (D)

. Ewin L. Davis (D)

. Joseph W. Byrns (D)

. William C. Salmon (D)

. Gordon Browning (D)

. Finis J. Garrett (D)

. Hubert Fisher (D)

. Eugene Black (D)

. John C. Box (D)

. Morgan G. Sanders (D)

. Sam Rayburn (D)

. Hatton W. Sumners (D)

. Luther Alexander Johnson (D)

. Clay Stone Briggs (D)

. Daniel E. Garrett (D)

. Joseph J. Mansfield (D)

. James P. Buchanan (D)

. Tom T. Connally (D)

. Fritz G. Lanham (D)

. Guinn Williams (D)

. Harry M. Wurzbach (R)

. John Nance Garner (D)

. Claude B. Hudspeth (D)

. Thomas L. Blanton (D)

. John Marvin Jones (D)

. Don B. Colton (R)

. Elmer O. Leatherwood (R)

. Frederick G. Fleetwood (R)

. Porter H. Dale (R), until August 11, 1923

Ernest Willard Gibson (R), from November 6, 1923

. S. Otis Bland (D)

. Joseph T. Deal (D)

. Andrew Jackson Montague (D)

. Patrick H. Drewry (D)

. James M. Hooker (D)

. Clifton A. Woodrum (D)

. Thomas W. Harrison (D)

. R. Walton Moore (D)

. George C. Peery (D)

. Henry St. George Tucker III (D)

. John F. Miller (R)

. Lindley H. Hadley (R)

. Albert Johnson (R)

. John W. Summers (R)

. J. Stanley Webster (R), until May 8, 1923

Samuel B. Hill (D), from September 25, 1923

. Benjamin L. Rosenbloom (R)

. Robert E. L. Allen (D)

. Stuart F. Reed (R)

. George W. Johnson (D)

. Thomas J. Lilly (D)

. J. Alfred Taylor (D)

. Henry Allen Cooper (R)

. Edward Voigt (R)

. John M. Nelson (R)

. John C. Schafer (R)

. Victor L. Berger (Soc.)

. Florian Lampert (R)

. Joseph D. Beck (R)

. Edward E. Browne (R)

. George J. Schneider (R)

. James A. Frear (R)

. Hubert H. Peavey (R)

. Charles E. Winter (R)

Non-voting members

. Daniel A. Sutherland (R)

. William P. Jarrett (D)

. Isauro Gabaldon (Nac.)

. Pedro Guevara (Nac.)

. Félix Córdova Dávila

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

Replacements: 8
- Democratic: no net change
- Republican: 1 seat net loss
- Farmer–Labor: 1 seat net gain
Deaths: 7
Resignations: 0
Vacancy: 0
Total seats with changes: 7

State	Reason for vacancy	Successor
Colorado (3)	Samuel D. Nicholson (R)	Died March 24, 1923. Successor was appointed.	Alva B. Adams (D)	May 17, 1923
Minnesota (2)	Knute Nelson (R)	Died April 28, 1923. Successor was elected.	Magnus Johnson (FL)	July 16, 1923
Vermont (3)	William P. Dillingham (R)	Died July 12, 1923. Successor was elected.	Porter H. Dale (R)	November 7, 1923
Rhode Island (2)	LeBaron Bradford Colt (R)	Died August 18, 1924. Successor was elected.	Jesse H. Metcalf (R)	November 5, 1924
Connecticut (3)	Frank B. Brandegee (R)	Died October 14, 1924. Successor was elected December 17, 1924.	Hiram Bingham III (R)	January 8, 1925^[4]
Massachusetts (1)	Henry Cabot Lodge (R)	Died November 9, 1924. Successor was appointed.	William M. Butler (R)	November 13, 1924
Colorado (3)	Alva B. Adams (D)	Interim appointee retired. Successor was elected November 4, 1924.	Rice W. Means (R)	December 1, 1924
Illinois (2)	Joseph M. McCormick (R)	Died February 25, 1925. Successor was appointed, having already been elected to the next term.	Charles S. Deneen (R)	February 26, 1925

House of Representatives

Replacements: 22
- Democratic: 1 seat net gain
- Republican: 1 seat net loss
Deaths: 15
Resignations: 6
Contested election: 0
Total seats with changes: 24

Vacated by	Reason for vacancy	Successor	Date of successor's installation
Vacant	Rep. James R. Mann died during previous congress		Morton D. Hull (R)	April 3, 1923
Vacant	Rep. Henry Z. Osborne died during previous congress		John D. Fredericks (R)	May 1, 1923
Vacant	Rep. William Bourke Cockran died during previous congress		John J. O'Connor (D)	November 6, 1923
	John R. Tyson (D)	Died March 27, 1923		Lister Hill (D)	August 14, 1923
	John M. C. Smith (R)	Died March 30, 1923		Arthur B. Williams (R)	June 19, 1923
	Horace M. Towner (R)	Resigned April 1, 1923, after being appointed Governor of Puerto Rico		Hiram K. Evans (R)	June 4, 1923
	Daniel J. Riordan (D)	Died April 28, 1923		Anning S. Prall (D)	November 6, 1923
	John W. Rainey (D)	Died May 4, 1923		Thomas A. Doyle (D)	November 6, 1923
	Lewis E. Sawyer (D)	Died May 5, 1923		James B. Reed (D)	October 6, 1923
	J. Stanley Webster (R)	Resigned May 8, 1923, after being appointed to United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington		Samuel B. Hill (D)	September 25, 1923
	Claude Kitchin (D)	Died May 31, 1923		John H. Kerr (D)	November 6, 1923
	Luther W. Mott (R)	Died July 10, 1923		Thaddeus C. Sweet (R)	November 6, 1923
	Porter H. Dale (R)	Resigned August 11, 1923, after becoming a candidate for the United States Senate		Ernest Willard Gibson (R)	November 6, 1923
	J. Campbell Cantrill (D)	Died September 2, 1923		Joseph W. Morris (D)	November 30, 1923
	James V. Ganly (D)	Died September 7, 1923		Benjamin L. Fairchild (R)	November 6, 1923
	Benjamin G. Humphreys II (D)	Died October 16, 1923		William Y. Humphreys (D)	November 27, 1923
	William J. Fields (D)	Resigned December 11, 1923		Fred M. Vinson (D)	January 24, 1924
	H. Garland Dupré (D)	Died February 21, 1924		James Z. Spearing (D)	April 22, 1924
	William J. Graham (R)	Resigned June 7, 1924, after being appointed to the United States Court of Customs Appeals	Seat remained vacant until next Congress
	Edward C. Little (R)	Died June 27, 1924		Ulysses S. Guyer (R)	November 4, 1924
	George M. Young (R)	Resigned September 2, 1924, after being appointed to the Board of General Appraisers		Thomas Hall (R)	November 4, 1924
	William S. Greene (R)	Died September 22, 1924		Robert M. Leach (R)	November 4, 1924
	Sydney E. Mudd II (R)	Died October 11, 1924		Stephen W. Gambrill (D)	November 4, 1924
	Julius Kahn (R)	Died December 18, 1924	Seat remained vacant until next Congress

Committees

Senate

Agriculture and Forestry (Chairman: George W. Norris; Ranking Member: Ellison D. Smith)
Alien Property Custodian's Office (Select)
Appropriations (Chairman: Francis E. Warren; Ranking Member: Lee S. Overman)
Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Henry W. Keyes; Ranking Member: Kenneth McKellar)
Banking and Currency (Chairman: George P. McLean; Ranking Member: Duncan U. Fletcher)
Civil Service (Chairman: James Couzens then Porter H. Dale; Ranking Member: Kenneth McKellar)
Claims (Chairman: Rice W. Means; Ranking Member: Park Trammell)
Commerce (Chairman: Wesley L. Jones; Ranking Member: Duncan U. Fletcher)
District of Columbia (Chairman: Arthur Capper; Ranking Member: William H. King)
Education and Labor (Chairman: Lawrence C. Phipps; Ranking Member: Andrieus A. Jones)
Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Frank L. Greene; Ranking Member: Coleman L. Blease)
Expenditures in Executive Departments (Chairman: David A. Reed; Ranking Member: Oscar W. Underwood)
Finance (Chairman: Reed Smoot; Ranking Member: Furnifold M. Simmons)
Foreign Relations (Chairman: William E. Borah; Ranking Member: Claude Swanson)
Immigration (Chairman: Hiram W. Johnson; Ranking Member: William H. King)
Indian Affairs (Chairman: John W. Harreld; Ranking Member: Henry F. Ashurst)
Internal Revenue Bureau (Select)
Interoceanic Canals (Chairman: Walter Evans Edge; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Walsh)
Interstate Commerce (Chairman: James Eli Watson; Ranking Member: Ellison D. Smith)
Irrigation and Reclamation (Chairman: Charles L. McNary; Ranking Member: Morris Sheppard)
Judiciary (Chairman: Albert B. Cummins; Ranking Member: Lee S. Overman)
Library (Chairman: Simeon D. Fess; Ranking Member: Kenneth McKellar)
Manufactures (Chairman: William B. McKinley; Ranking Member: Ellison D. Smith)
Military Affairs (Chairman: James W. Wadsworth Jr.; Ranking Member: Duncan U. Fletcher)
Mines and Mining (Chairman: Tasker L. Oddie; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Walsh)
Naval Affairs (Chairman: Frederick Hale; Ranking Member: Claude A. Swanson)
Patents (Chairman: William M. Butler; Ranking Member: Ellison D. Smith)
Pensions (Chairman: Peter Norbeck; Ranking Member: Peter G. Gerry)
Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: George H. Moses; Ranking Member: Kenneth McKellar)
Printing (Chairman: George W. Pepper; Ranking Member: Duncan U. Fletcher)
Privileges and Elections (Chairman: Richard P. Ernst; Ranking Member: William H. King)
Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Bert M. Fernald; Ranking Member: James A. Reed)
Public Lands and Surveys (Chairman: Robert Nelson Stanfield; Ranking Member: Key Pittman)
Rules (Chairman: Charles Curtis; Ranking Member: Lee S. Overman)
Senatorial Elections (Select)
Tariff Commission (Select)
Territories and Insular Possessions (Chairman: Frank B. Willis; Ranking Member: Key Pittman)
War Finance Corporation Loans (Select)
Whole

House of Representatives

Accounts (Chairman: Clarence MacGregor; Ranking Member: Ralph Waldo Emerson Gilbert)
Agriculture (Chairman: Gilbert N. Haugen; Ranking Member: James B. Aswell)
Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Chairman: Grant M. Hudson; Ranking Member: William D. Upshaw)
Appropriations (Chairman: Martin B. Madden; Ranking Member: Joseph W. Byrns)
Banking and Currency (Chairman: Louis T. McFadden; Ranking Member: Otis Wingo)
Census (Chairman: E. Hart Fenn; Ranking Member: John E. Rankin)
Civil Service (Chairman: Frederick R. Lehlbach; Ranking Member: Lamar Jeffers)
Claims (Chairman: Charles L. Underhill; Ranking Member: John C. Box)
Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Randolph Perkins; Ranking Member: Bill G. Lowrey)
Disposition of Executive Papers (Chairman: Edward H. Wason; Ranking Member: Arthur B. Rouse)
District of Columbia (Chairman: Frederick N. Zihlman; Ranking Member: Christopher D. Sullivan)
Education (Chairman: Daniel A. Reed; Ranking Member: Bill G. Lowrey)
Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress (Chairman: Hays B. White; Ranking Member: Lamar Jeffers)
Elections No.#1 (Chairman: Don B. Colton; Ranking Member: C.B. Hudspeth)
Elections No.#2 (Chairman: Bird J. Vincent; Ranking Member: Gordon Browning)
Elections No.#3 (Chairman: Charles L. Gifford; Ranking Member: Guinn Williams)
Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Guy E. Campbell; Ranking Member: Thomas L. Blanton)
Expenditures in the Agriculture Department (Chairman: Edward J. King; Ranking Member: Frank Gardner)
Expenditures in the Commerce Department (Chairman: Henry R. Rathbone; Ranking Member: Miles C. Allgood)
Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: William Williamson; Ranking Member: Sol Bloom)
Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: Willis G. Sears; Ranking Member: Frank Oliver)
Expenditures in the Labor Department (Chairman: Carroll L. Beedy; Ranking Member: Thomas L. Blanton)
Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: George F. Brumm; Ranking Member: Charles L. Abernethy)
Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Philip D. Swing; Ranking Member: Guinn Williams)
Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: J. Will Taylor; Ranking Member: George C. Peery)
Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Ernest W. Gibson; Ranking Member: Heartsill Ragon)
Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Thaddeus C. Sweet; Ranking Member: Arthur H. Greenwood)
Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Elmer O. Leatherwood; Ranking Member: Samuel Dickstein)
Flood Control (Chairman: Frank R. Reid; Ranking Member: Riley J. Wilson)
Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Stephen G. Porter; Ranking Member: J. Charles Linthicum)
Immigration and Naturalization (Chairman: Albert Johnson; Ranking Member: Adolph J. Sabath)
Indian Affairs (Chairman: John W. Harreld; Ranking Member: Carl Hayden)
Industrial Arts and Expositions (Chairman: George A. Welsh; Ranking Member: Fritz G. Lanham)
Inquiry into Operation of the United States Air Services (Select) (Chairman: N/A)
Insular Affairs (Chairman: Scott Leavitt; Ranking Member: Mell G. Underwood)
Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Chairman: James S. Parker; Ranking Member: Alben W. Barkley)
Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Charles E. Fuller; Ranking Member: Mell G. Underwood)
Irrigation and Reclamation (Chairman: Addison T. Smith; Ranking Member: Carl Hayden)
Judiciary (Chairman: George S. Graham; Ranking Member: Hatton W. Sumners)
Labor (Chairman: William F. Kopp; Ranking Member: William D. Upshaw)
Library (Chairman: Robert Luce; Ranking Member: Ralph Waldo Emerson Gilbert)
Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: Frank D. Scott; Ranking Member: Ladislas Lazaro)
Mileage (Chairman: Carroll L. Beedy; Ranking Member: John W. Moore)
Military Affairs (Chairman: John M. Morin; Ranking Member: Percy E. Quin)
Mines and Mining (Chairman: John M. Robsion; Ranking Member: Daniel Sutherland)
Naval Affairs (Chairman: Thomas S. Butler; Ranking Member: Carl Vinson)
Patents (Chairman: Albert H. Vestal; Ranking Member: Fritz G. Lanham)
Pensions (Chairman: Harold Knutson; Ranking Member: William D. Upshaw)
Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: William W. Griest; Ranking Member: Thomas M. Bell)
Printing (Chairman: Edward M. Beers; Ranking Member: William F. Stevenson)
Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Richard N. Elliott; Ranking Member: Fritz G. Lanham)
Public Lands (Chairman: Nicholas J. Sinnott; Ranking Member: John E. Raker then John M. Evans)
Railways and Canals (Chairman: Oscar E. Keller; Ranking Member: William C. Lankford)
Revision of Laws (Chairman: Roy G. Fitzgerald; Ranking Member: Alfred L. Bulwinkle)
Rivers and Harbors (Chairman: S. Wallace Dempsey; Ranking Member: Joseph J. Mansfield)
Roads (Chairman: Cassius C. Dowell; Ranking Member: Edward B. Almon)
Rules (Chairman: Bertrand H. Snell; Ranking Member: Edward W. Pou)
Standards of Official Conduct
Territories (Chairman: Charles F. Curry; Ranking Member: William C. Lankford)
War Claims (Chairman: James G. Strong; Ranking Member: Bill G. Lowrey)
Ways and Means (Chairman: William R. Green; Ranking Member: John N. Garner)
Woman Suffrage (Chairman: Wallace H. White Jr.; Ranking Member: John E. Raker then Christopher D. Sullivan)
World War Veterans' Legislation (Chairman: Royal C. Johnson; Ranking Member: Carl Hayden)
Whole

Joint committees

Civil Service Retirement Act
Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
Determine what Employment may be Furnished Federal Prisoners (Chairman: Rep. George S. Graham)
Investigation of Northern Pacific Railroad Land Grants (Chairman: Rep. Nicholas J. Sinnott)
Muscle Shoals
The Library (Chairman: Sen. Simeon D. Fess)
Printing (Chairman: Sen. George H. Moses; Vice Chairman: Rep. Edgar R. Kiess)
Taxation (Chairman: Rep. William R. Green)

Caucuses

Democratic (House)
Democratic (Senate)

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Architect of the Capitol

Elliott Woods, until May 22, 1923

- David Lynn, from August 22, 1923
Comptroller General of the United States

John R. McCarl

Librarian of Congress

Public Printer of the United States

George H. Carter

Senate

Chaplain

John J. Muir Baptist

Secretary

George A. Sanderson

Librarian

Edward C. Goodwin

Sergeant at Arms

David S. Barry

House of Representatives

Chaplain

James S. Montgomery Methodist

Clerk

William T. Page

Doorkeeper

Bert W. Kennedy

Clerk at the Speaker's Table

Lehr Fess

Reading Clerks

Patrick Joseph Haltigan (D) and Alney E. Chaffee (R)

Postmaster

Frank W. Collier

Sergeant at Arms

Joseph G. Rodgers

References

Book: Martis, Kenneth C.. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. 1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. New York.
Book: Martis, Kenneth C.. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. 1982. Macmillan Publishing Company. New York.

External links

Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
U.S. House of Representatives: House History
U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
Book: Official Congressional Directory for the 68th Congress, 1st Session .
Book: Official Congressional Directory for the 68th Congress, 1st Session (1st Revision) .
Book: Official Congressional Directory for the 68th Congress, 1st Session (2nd Revision) . 2027/njp.32101072368978?urlappend=%3Bseq=7 .
Book: Official Congressional Directory for the 68th Congress, 2nd Session .
Book: Official Congressional Directory for the 68th Congress, 2nd Session (Revision) .

Notes and References

Rogers. Lindsay. 1925. First and Second Sessions of the Sixty-Eighth Congress: December 3, 1923 to June 7, 1924; December 1, 1924 to March 4, 1925. American Political Science Review. en. 19. 4. 761–772. 10.2307/2939164. 2939164 . 0003-0554.
Web site: Huckabee. David C.. Ratification of Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Congressional Research Service reports. Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress. Washington D.C.. September 30, 1997.
Web site: Four amendments that almost made it into the constitution. Constitution Daily. March 23, 2014. The National Constitution Center. Philadelphia. March 3, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170305113638/http://blog.constitutioncenter.org/2014/03/four-amendments-that-almost-made-it-into-the-constitution-2/. March 5, 2017. dead.
Web site: A chronological list of senators since the First Congress in 1789. United States Senate.

68th United States Congress explained

Major events

Major legislation

Constitutional amendments

Party summary

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

House of Representatives

Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

Members

Senate

House of Representatives

Non-voting members

Changes in membership

Senate

House of Representatives

Committees

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

References

External links

Notes and References