60S ribosomal protein L21 explained

60S ribosomal protein L21 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL21 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L21E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome.^[3]

Clinical relevance

Mutations in the RPL21 gene result in Hypotrichosis simplex of the scalp.^[4]

Further reading

• Wool IG, Chan YL, Glück A . Structure and evolution of mammalian ribosomal proteins . Biochem. Cell Biol. . 73 . 11–12 . 933–47 . 1996 . 8722009 . 10.1139/o95-101 .
• Kato S . Construction of a human full-length cDNA bank . Gene . 150 . 2 . 243–50 . 1995 . 7821789 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90433-2 . Sekine S . Oh SW . 3 . Namsoon . K . Yuri . U . Naoto . A . Midori . Y . Takashi . A .
• Albertsen HM . A physical map and candidate genes in the BRCA1 region on chromosome 17q12-21 . Nat. Genet. . 7 . 4 . 472–9 . 1994 . 7951316 . 10.1038/ng0894-472 . Smith SA . Mazoyer S . 3 . Fujimoto . E. . Stevens . J. . Williams . B. . Rodriguez . P. . Cropp . C. S. . Slijepcevic . P. . 11075629 .
• Kenmochi N . A map of 75 human ribosomal protein genes . Genome Res. . 8 . 5 . 509–23 . 1998 . 9582194 . 10.1101/gr.8.5.509 . Kawaguchi T . Rozen S . 3 . Davis . E . Goodman . N . Hudson . TJ . Tanaka . T . Page . DC. free .
• Venter JC . The sequence of the human genome . Science . 291 . 5507 . 1304–51 . 2001 . 11181995 . 10.1126/science.1058040 . Adams MD . Myers EW . 3 . Li . PW . Mural . RJ . Sutton . GG . Smith . HO . Yandell . M . Evans . CA . 2001Sci...291.1304V . free .
• Uechi T, Tanaka T, Kenmochi N . A complete map of the human ribosomal protein genes: assignment of 80 genes to the cytogenetic map and implications for human disorders . Genomics . 72 . 3 . 223–30 . 2001 . 11401437 . 10.1006/geno.2000.6470 .
• Bortoluzzi S, d'Alessi F, Romualdi C, Danieli GA . Differential expression of genes coding for ribosomal proteins in different human tissues . Bioinformatics . 17 . 12 . 1152–7 . 2002 . 11751223 . 10.1093/bioinformatics/17.12.1152 . free .
• Zhang W . Decreased expression of ribosomal proteins in human age-related cataract . Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. . 43 . 1 . 198–204 . 2002 . 11773032 . 2831404 . Hawse J . Huang Q . 3 . Sheets . N . Miller . KM . Horwitz . J . Kantorow . M .
• Yoshihama M . The human ribosomal protein genes: sequencing and comparative analysis of 73 genes . Genome Res. . 12 . 3 . 379–90 . 2002 . 11875025 . 10.1101/gr.214202 . 155282 . Uechi T . Asakawa S . 3 . Kawasaki . K . Kato . S . Higa . S . Maeda . N . Minoshima . S . Tanaka . T .
• Strausberg RL . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . Feingold EA . Grouse LH . 3 . Derge . JG . Klausner . RD . Collins . FS . Wagner . L . Shenmen . CM . Schuler . GD . free . 2002PNAS...9916899M .
• Scherer SW . Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology . Science . 300 . 5620 . 767–72 . 2003 . 12690205 . 10.1126/science.1083423 . 2882961 . Cheung J . MacDonald JR . 3 . Osborne . LR . Nakabayashi . K . Herbrick . JA . Carson . AR . Parker-Katiraee . L . Skaug . J . 2003Sci...300..767S .
• Odintsova TI . Characterization and analysis of posttranslational modifications of the human large cytoplasmic ribosomal subunit proteins by mass spectrometry and Edman sequencing . J. Protein Chem. . 22 . 3 . 249–58 . 2004 . 12962325 . 10.1023/A:1025068419698 . Müller EC . Ivanov AV . 3 . Egorov . Tsezi A. . Bienert . Ralf . Vladimirov . Serguei N. . Kostka . Susanne . Otto . Albrecht . Wittmann-Liebold . Brigitte . 10710245 .
• Gerhard DS . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . Wagner L . Feingold EA . 3 . Shenmen . CM . Grouse . LH . Schuler . G . Klein . SL . Old . S . Rasooly . R .
• Andersen JS . Nucleolar proteome dynamics . Nature . 433 . 7021 . 77–83 . 2005 . 15635413 . 10.1038/nature03207 . Lam YW . Leung AK . 3 . Ong . Shao-En . Lyon . Carol E. . Lamond . Angus I. . Mann . Matthias . 2005Natur.433...77A . 4344740 .
• Ewing RM . Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry . Mol. Syst. Biol. . 3 . 1. 89 . 2007 . 17353931 . 10.1038/msb4100134 . 1847948 . Chu P . Elisma F . 3 . Li . Hongyan . Taylor . Paul . Climie . Shane . McBroom-Cerajewski . Linda . Robinson . Mark D . O'Connor . Liam .

Notes and References

1. Nakamichi NN, Kao FT, Wasmuth J, Roufa DJ . Ribosomal protein gene sequences map to human chromosomes 5, 8, and 17 . Somat Cell Mol Genet . 12 . 3 . 225–36 . Jul 1986 . 3459254 . 10.1007/BF01570781 . 20534231 .
2. Frigerio JM, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL . Cloning, sequencing and expression of the L5, L21, L27a, L28, S5, S9, S10 and S29 human ribosomal protein mRNAs . Biochim Biophys Acta . 1262 . 1 . 64–8 . Jul 1995 . 7772601 . 10.1016/0167-4781(95)00045-i.
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: RPL21 ribosomal protein L21.
4. 21412954 . 10.1002/humu.21503 . Mutation in ribosomal protein L21 underlies hereditary hypotrichosis simplex . March 2011 . Zhou C. Zang D. Jin Y. 3. Wu. Huafeng. Liu. Zhengyi. Du. Juan. Zhang. Jianzhong. Human Mutation. 32. 7. 710–4. 3715445 . free.