The 5th Texas Legislature met from November 7, 1853, to February 13, 1854, in its regular session. All members of the House of Representatives and about half of the members of the Senate were elected in 1853.
Members of the Texas Senate for the Fifth Texas Legislature:
| District | Senator | Party | Took office | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joseph H. Burks | Democrat | 1851 | |
| 2 | Johnson Wren | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 3 | Hart Hardin | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 4 | Malachi W. Allen | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 5 | Jefferson Weatherford | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 6 | Simpson C. Newman | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 7 | M. D. K. Taylor | Democrat | 1851 | |
| 8 | William Thomas Scott | Democrat | 1851 (First time:1846–1847) | |
| 9 | David Gage | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 10 | Elisha Everett Lott | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 11 | Robert Henry Guinn | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 12 | William G. W. Jowers | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 13 | Madison G. Whitaker | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 14 | James K. Holland | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 15 | William C. Edwards | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 16 | Henry C. Pedigo | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 17 | Mark M. Potter | Democrat | 1851 | |
| 18 | Cornelius McAnelly | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 19 | Charles G. Keenan | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 20 | James W. McDade | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 21 | Elliot McNeil Millican | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 22 | William Harrison "Howdy" Martin | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 23 | James H. Armstrong | Democrat | 1851 | |
| 24 | Guy Morrison Bryan | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 25 | Henry Williams Sublett | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 26 | James T. Lytle | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 27 | Claiborne Kyle | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 28 | Edwin B. Scarborough | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 29 | James H. Durst | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 30 | Antoine Supervièle | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 31 | Isaiah Addison Paschal | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 32 | Isaac Lafayette Hill | Democrat | 1853 | |
| 33 | Rufus Doane | Democrat | 1851 |
Members of the House of Representatives for the Fifth Texas Legislature. There are 73 districts at this time, 16 of them just created this session: