August 5 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• AD 25  - Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty.
• 70  - Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are extinguished.
• 642  - Battle of Maserfield: Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Northumbria.
• 910  - The last major Danish army to raid England for nearly a century is defeated at the Battle of Tettenhall by the allied forces of Mercia and Wessex, led by King Edward the Elder and Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians.
• 939  - The Battle of Alhandic is fought between Ramiro II of León and Abd-ar-Rahman III at Zamora in the context of the Spanish Reconquista. The battle resulted in a victory for the Emirate of Córdoba.
• 1068  - Byzantine–Norman wars: Italo-Normans begin a nearly-three-year siege of Bari.
• 1100  - Henry I is crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey.^[1]
• 1278  - Spanish Reconquista: the forces of the Kingdom of Castile initiate the ultimately futile Siege of Algeciras against the Emirate of Granada.
• 1305  - First Scottish War of Independence: Sir John Stewart of Menteith, the pro-English Sheriff of Dumbarton, successfully manages to capture Sir William Wallace of Scotland, leading to Wallace's subsequent execution by hanging, evisceration, drawing and quartering, and beheading 18 days later.^[2]
• 1388  - The Battle of Otterburn, a border skirmish between the Scottish and the English in Northern England, is fought near Otterburn.^[3]
• 1460  - The Kingdom of Scotland captures Roxburgh, one of the last English strongholds in Scotland, following a siege.^[4]
• 1506  - The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Crimean Khanate in the Battle of Kletsk.^[5]
• 1583  - Sir Humphrey Gilbert establishes the first English colony in North America, at what is now St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.
• 1600  - The Gowrie Conspiracy against King James VI of Scotland (later to become King James I of England) takes place at Gowrie House (Perth, Scotland).^[6]

1601–1900

• 1620  - The Mayflower departs from Southampton, England, carrying would-be settlers, on its first attempt to reach North America; it is forced to dock in Dartmouth when its companion ship, the Speedwell, springs a leak.^[7]
• 1689  - Beaver Wars: Fifteen hundred Iroquois attack Lachine in New France.
• 1716  - Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718): One-fifth of a Turkish army and the Grand Vizier are killed in the Battle of Petrovaradin.
• 1735  - Freedom of the press: New York Weekly Journal writer John Peter Zenger is acquitted of seditious libel against the royal governor of New York, on the basis that what he had published was true.
• 1763  - Pontiac's War: Battle of Bushy Run: British forces led by Henry Bouquet defeat Chief Pontiac's Indians at Bushy Run.
• 1772  - First Partition of Poland: The representatives of Austria, Prussia, and Russia sign three bilateral conventions condemning the ‘anarchy’ of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and imputing to the three powers ‘ancient and legitimate rights’ to the territories of the Commonwealth. The conventions allow each of the three great powers to annex a part of the Commonwealth, which they proceed to do over the course of the following two months.^[8]
• 1781  - The Battle of Dogger Bank takes place.
• 1796  - The Battle of Castiglione in Napoleon's first Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars results in a French victory.
• 1816  - The British Admiralty dismisses Francis Ronalds's new invention of the first working electric telegraph as "wholly unnecessary", preferring to continue using the semaphore.
• 1824  - Greek War of Independence: Konstantinos Kanaris leads a Greek fleet to victory against Ottoman and Egyptian naval forces in the Battle of Samos.
• 1858  - Cyrus West Field and others complete the first transatlantic telegraph cable after several unsuccessful attempts. It will operate for less than a month.
• 1860  - Charles XV of Sweden of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway in Trondheim.
• 1861  - American Civil War: In order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government levies the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US$800; rescinded in 1872).
• 1861  - The United States Army abolishes flogging.
• 1862  - American Civil War: Battle of Baton Rouge: Along the Mississippi River near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Confederate troops attempt to take the city, but are driven back by fire from Union gunboats.
• 1864  - American Civil War: The Battle of Mobile Bay begins at Mobile Bay near Mobile, Alabama, Admiral David Farragut leads a Union flotilla through Confederate defenses and seals one of the last major Southern ports.
• 1874  - Japan launches its postal savings system, modeled after a similar system in the United Kingdom.
• 1882  - Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, today known as ExxonMobil, is established officially. The company would later grow to become the holder of all Standard Oil companies and the entity at the center of the breakup of Standard Oil.^{[9] [10]}
• 1884  - The cornerstone for the Statue of Liberty is laid on Bedloe's Island (now Liberty Island) in New York Harbor.
• 1888  - Bertha Benz drives from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back in the first long distance automobile trip, commemorated as the Bertha Benz Memorial Route since 2008.

1901–present

• 1901  - Peter O'Connor sets the first World Athletics recognised long jump world record of 24feet, a record that would stand for 20 years.
• 1906  - Persian Constitutional Revolution: Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, King of Iran, agrees to convert the government to a constitutional monarchy.
• 1914  - World War I: The German minelayer lays a minefield about 40miles off the Thames Estuary (Lowestoft). She is intercepted and sunk by the British light-cruiser .
• 1914  - World War I: The guns of Point Nepean fort at Port Phillip Heads in Victoria (Australia) fire across the bows of the Norddeutscher Lloyd steamer which is attempting to leave the Port of Melbourne in ignorance of the declaration of war and she is detained; this is said to be the first Allied shot of the War.
• 1914  - In Cleveland, Ohio, the first electric traffic light is installed.
• 1916  - World War I: Battle of Romani: Allied forces, under the command of Archibald Murray, defeat an attacking Ottoman army under the command of Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein, securing the Suez Canal and beginning the Ottoman retreat from the Sinai Peninsula.
• 1925  - Plaid Cymru is formed with the aim of disseminating knowledge of the Welsh language that is at the time in danger of dying out.
• 1926  - Harry Houdini performs his greatest feat, spending 91 minutes underwater in a sealed tank before escaping.
• 1939  - The Thirteen Roses: Thirteen female members of the Unified Socialist Youth are executed by Francoist forces in Madrid, Spain.^[11]
• 1940  - World War II: The Soviet Union formally annexes Latvia.
• 1944  - World War II: At least 1,104 Japanese POWs in Australia attempt to escape from a camp at Cowra, New South Wales; 545 temporarily succeed but are later either killed, commit suicide, or are recaptured.
• 1944  - World War II: Polish insurgents liberate a German labor camp (Gęsiówka) in Warsaw, freeing 348 Jewish prisoners.
• 1944  - World War II: The Nazis begin a week-long massacre of between 40,000 and 50,000 civilians and prisoners of war in Wola, Poland.
• 1949  - In Ecuador, an earthquake destroys 50 towns and kills more than 6,000.
• 1949  - In Montana, 12 smokejumper firefighters and 1 US Forest Service fire guard are killed in the Mann Gulch Fire.^[12]
• 1957  - American Bandstand, a show dedicated to the teenage "baby-boomers" by playing the songs and showing popular dances of the time, debuts on the ABC television network.
• 1960  - Burkina Faso, then known as Upper Volta, becomes independent from France.
• 1962  - Apartheid: Nelson Mandela is jailed. He would not be released until 1990.
• 1962  - American actress Marilyn Monroe is found dead at her home from a drug overdose.
• 1963  - Cold War: The United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union sign the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.
• 1964  - Vietnam War: Operation Pierce Arrow: American aircraft from carriers and bomb North Vietnam in retaliation for strikes against U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin.
• 1965  - The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 begins as Pakistani soldiers cross the Line of Control dressed as locals.
• 1966  - A group of red guards at Experimental High in Beijing, including Deng Rong and Liu Pingping, daughters of Deng Xiaoping and Liu Shaoqi respectively, beat the deputy vice principal, Bian Zhongyun, to death with sticks after accusing her of counter-revolutionary revisionism, producing one of the first fatalities of the Cultural Revolution.^[13]
• 1969  - The Lonesome Cowboys police raid occurs in Atlanta, Georgia, leading to the creation of the Georgia Gay Liberation Front.^[14]
• 1971  - The first Pacific Islands Forum (then known as the "South Pacific Forum") is held in Wellington, New Zealand, with the aim of enhancing cooperation between the independent countries of the Pacific Ocean.
• 1973  - Mars 6 is launched from the USSR.
• 1974  - Watergate scandal: President Richard Nixon, under orders of the US Supreme Court, releases the "Smoking Gun" tape, recorded on June 23, 1972, clearly revealing his actions in covering up and interfering investigations into the break-in. His political support vanishes completely.^[15]
• 1979  - In Afghanistan, Maoists undertake the Bala Hissar uprising against the Leninist government.
• 1981  - President Ronald Reagan fires 11,359 striking air-traffic controllers who ignored his order for them to return to work.
• 1984  - A Biman Bangladesh Airlines Fokker F27 Friendship crashes on approach to Zia International Airport, in Dhaka, Bangladesh, killing all 49 people on board.^[16]
• 1995  - Yugoslav Wars: The city of Knin, Croatia, a significant Serb stronghold, is taken by Croatian forces during Operation Storm. The date is celebrated in Croatia as Victory Day.
• 2003  - A car bomb explodes in the Indonesian capital of Jakarta outside the Marriott Hotel killing 12 and injuring 150.
• 2008  - The New England Revolution win the 2008 North American SuperLiga final against the Houston Dynamo.^[17]
• 2010  - The Copiapó mining accident occurs, trapping 33 Chilean miners approximately 2300feet below the ground for 69 days.
• 2010  - Ten members of International Assistance Mission Nuristan Eye Camp team are killed by persons unknown in Kuran wa Munjan District of Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan.
• 2012  - The Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting took place in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, killing six victims; the perpetrator committed suicide after being wounded by police.
• 2015  - The Environmental Protection Agency at Gold King Mine waste water spill releases three million gallons of heavy metal toxin tailings and waste water into the Animas River in Colorado.
• 2019  - The revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir (state) occurred and the state was bifurcated into two union territories (Jammu and Kashmir (union territory) and Ladakh).^[18]
• 2021  - Australia's second most populous state Victoria enters its sixth COVID-19 lockdown, enacting stage four restrictions statewide in reaction to six new COVID-19 cases recorded that morning.^[19]
• 2024  - Following the Non-cooperation movement against the government of Bangladesh, Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigns and flees the country, ending her rule of 15 consecutive years and a total of almost two decades. ^{[20] [21] [22]}

Births

Pre-1600

• 79 BC  - Tullia, Roman daughter of Cicero (d. 45 BC)
• 1262  - Ladislaus IV of Hungary (d. 1290)
• 1301  - Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, English politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (d. 1330)^[23]
• 1397  - Guillaume Dufay, Belgian-Italian composer and theorist (d. 1474)^[24]
• 1461  - Alexander Jagiellon, Polish king (d. 1506)
• 1540  - Joseph Justus Scaliger, French philologist and historian (d. 1609)

1601–1900

• 1607  - Antonio Barberini, Italian cardinal (d. 1671)
• 1623  - Antonio Cesti, Italian organist and composer (d. 1669)^[25]
• 1626  - Richard Ottley, English politician (d. 1670)
• 1662  - James Anderson, Scottish lawyer and historian (d. 1728)^[26]
• 1681  - Vitus Bering, Danish-born Russian explorer (d. 1741)
• 1694  - Leonardo Leo, Italian composer (d. 1744)^[27]
• 1749  - Thomas Lynch Jr., American commander and politician (d. 1779)
• 1797  - Friedrich August Kummer, German cellist and composer (d. 1879)^[28]
• 1802  - Niels Henrik Abel, Norwegian mathematician and theorist (d. 1829)^[29]
• 1811  - Ambroise Thomas, French composer (d. 1896)^[30]
• 1813  - Ivar Aasen, Norwegian poet and linguist (d. 1896)
• 1815  - Edward John Eyre, English explorer and politician, Governor of Jamaica (d. 1901)^[31]
• 1827  - Deodoro da Fonseca, Brazilian field marshal and politician, 1st President of Brazil (d. 1892)
• 1828  - Louise of the Netherlands (d. 1871)
• 1833  - Carola of Vasa (d. 1907)
• 1843  - James Scott Skinner, Scottish violinist and composer (d. 1927)^[32]
• 1844  - Ilya Repin, Russian painter and sculptor (d. 1930)^[33]
• 1850  - Guy de Maupassant, French short story writer, novelist, and poet (d. 1893)
• 1860  - Louis Wain, English artist (d. 1939)^[34]
• 1862  - Joseph Merrick, English man with severe deformities (d. 1890)^[35]
• 1866  - Carl Harries, German chemist and academic (d. 1923)
• 1866  - Harry Trott, Australian cricketer (d. 1917)
• 1868  - Oskar Merikanto, Finnish pianist and composer (d. 1924)^[36]
• 1872  - Oswaldo Cruz, Brazilian physician, bacteriologist, and epidemiologist, founded the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (d. 1917)
• 1874  - Wesley Clair Mitchell, American economist and academic (d. 1948)^[37]
• 1874  - Horace Rawlins, English golfer (d. 1935)
• 1876  - Mary Ritter Beard, American historian and activist (d. 1958)^[38]
• 1877  - Tom Thomson, Canadian painter (d. 1917)
• 1880  - Gertrude Rush, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1962)
• 1880  - Ruth Sawyer, American author and educator (d. 1970)^[39]
• 1882  - Anne Acheson, Irish sculptor (d. 1962)^[40]
• 1887  - Reginald Owen, English-American actor and singer (d. 1972)
• 1889  - Conrad Aiken, American novelist, short story writer, critic, and poet (d. 1973)^[41]
• 1890  - Naum Gabo, Russian-American sculptor (d. 1977)^[42]
• 1890  - Erich Kleiber, Austrian conductor and director (d. 1956)^[43]
• 1897  - Roberta Dodd Crawford, American soprano and educator (d. 1954)
• 1897  - Aksel Larsen, Danish lawyer and politician (d. 1972)
• 1900  - Rudolf Schottlaender, German philosopher, classical philologist and translator (d. 1988)

1901–present

• 1901  - Claude Autant-Lara, French director, screenwriter, and politician (d. 2000)^[44]
• 1904  - Kenneth V. Thimann, English-American botanist and microbiologist (d. 1997)
• 1905  - Wassily Leontief, German-American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)^[45]
• 1906  - Joan Hickson, English actress (d. 1998)^[46]
• 1906  - John Huston, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1987)^[47]
• 1908  - Harold Holt, Australian lawyer and politician, 17th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1967)
• 1908  - Jose Garcia Villa, Filipino short story writer and poet (d. 1997)
• 1910  - Bruno Coquatrix, French songwriter and manager (d. 1979)
• 1910  - Herminio Masantonio, Argentinian footballer (d. 1956)
• 1911  - Robert Taylor, American actor and singer (d. 1969)^[48]
• 1912  - Abbé Pierre, French priest and humanitarian (d. 2007)^[49]
• 1914  - Parley Baer, American actor (d. 2002)^[50]
• 1916  - Peter Viereck, American poet and academic (d. 2006)^[51]
• 1918  - Tom Drake, American actor and singer (d. 1982)
• 1918  - Betty Oliphant, English-Canadian ballerina, co-founded Canada's National Ballet School (d. 2004)^[52]
• 1919  - Rosalind Hicks, British literary guardian and the only child of author, Agatha Christie (d. 2004)^[53]
• 1920  - George Tooker, American painter and academic (d. 2011)^[54]
• 1921  - Terry Becker, American actor, director, and producer (d. 2014)
• 1922  - L. Tom Perry, American businessman and religious leader (d. 2015)^[55]
• 1922  - Frank Stranahan, American golfer (d. 2013)^[56]
• 1923  - Devan Nair, Malaysian-Singaporean union leader and politician, 3rd President of Singapore (d. 2005)^[57]
• 1926  - Betsy Jolas, French composer^[58]
• 1926  - Jeri Southern, American jazz singer and pianist (d. 1991)
• 1929  - Don Matheson, American soldier, police officer, and actor (d. 2014)
• 1929  - John H. Moore II, American lawyer and judge (d. 2013)
• 1930  - Neil Armstrong, American pilot, engineer, and astronaut (d. 2012)^[59]
• 1930  - Damita Jo DeBlanc, American comedian, actress, and singer (d. 1998)
• 1930  - Richie Ginther, American race car driver (d. 1989)
• 1930  - Michal Kováč, Slovak lawyer and politician, 1st President of Slovakia (d. 2016)^[60]
• 1931  - Tom Hafey, Australian footballer and coach (d. 2014)
• 1932  - Tera de Marez Oyens, Dutch pianist and composer (d. 1996)^[61]
• 1932  - Vladimir Fedoseyev, Russian conductor
• 1934  - Karl Johan Åström, Swedish engineer and theorist
• 1934  - Wendell Berry, American novelist, short story writer, poet, and essayist
• 1934  - Gay Byrne, Irish radio and television host (d. 2019)^[62]
• 1935  - Michael Ballhaus, German director and cinematographer (d. 2017)^[63]
• 1935  - Peter Inge, Baron Inge, English field marshal (d. 2022)^[64]
• 1935  - Roy Benavidez, American soldier, Medal of Honor Winner (d. 1998)^[65]
• 1936  - Nikolai Baturin, Estonian author and playwright (d. 2019)
• 1936  - John Saxon, American actor (d. 2020)^[66]
• 1937  - Herb Brooks, American ice hockey player and coach (d. 2003)
• 1937  - Brian G. Marsden, English-American astronomer and academic (d. 2010)^[67]
• 1939  - Roger Clark, English race car driver (d. 1998)^[68]
• 1939  - Carmen Salinas, Mexican actress and politician^[69] (d. 2021)
• 1940  - Bobby Braddock, American country music songwriter, musician, and producer
• 1940  - Roman Gabriel, American football player, coach, and actor (d. 2024)^[70]
• 1940  - Rick Huxley, English bass player (d. 2013)^[71]
• 1941  - Bob Clark, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2007)^[72]
• 1941  - Leonid Kizim, Ukrainian general, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2010)^[73]
• 1941  - Airto Moreira, Brazilian-American drummer and composer^[74]
• 1942  - Joe Boyd, American record producer, founded Hannibal Records
• 1943  - Nelson Briles, American baseball player (d. 2005)
• 1943  - Sammi Smith, American country music singer-songwriter (d. 2005)
• 1944  - Christopher Gunning, English composer (d. 2023)^[75]
• 1945  - Loni Anderson, American actress
• 1946  - Bruce Coslet, American football player and coach
• 1946  - Shirley Ann Jackson, American physicist^[76]
• 1946  - Rick van der Linden, Dutch keyboard player and songwriter (d. 2006)
• 1946  - Bob McCarthy, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1946  - Erika Slezak, American actress
• 1946  - Xavier Trias, Spanish pediatrician and politician, 118th Mayor of Barcelona
• 1947  - Angry Anderson, Australian singer and actor
• 1947  - Bernie Carbo, American baseball player
• 1947  - France A. Córdova, American astrophysicist and academic
• 1947  - Rick Derringer, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1947  - Greg Leskiw, Canadian guitarist and songwriter
• 1948  - Ray Clemence, English footballer and manager (d. 2020)
• 1948  - Barbara Flynn, English actress^[77]
• 1948  - David Hungate, American bass guitarist, producer, and arranger
• 1948  - Shin Takamatsu, Japanese architect and academic
• 1950  - Luiz Gushiken, Brazilian trade union leader and politician (d. 2013)
• 1950  - Mahendra Karma, Indian lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
• 1951  - Samantha Sang, Australian pop singer
• 1952  - Tamás Faragó, Hungarian water polo player
• 1952  - John Jarratt, Australian actor and producer
• 1952  - Louis Walsh, Irish talent manager
• 1953  - Rick Mahler, American baseball player and coach (d. 2005)
• 1955  - Eddie Ojeda, American guitarist and songwriter
• 1956  - Christopher Chessun, English Anglican bishop
• 1956  - Jerry Ciccoritti, Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1956  - Maureen McCormick, American actress
• 1957  - Larry Corowa, Australian rugby league player
• 1957  - David Gill, English businessman
• 1958  - Ulla Salzgeber, German equestrian^[78]
• 1959  - Pete Burns, English singer-songwriter (d. 2016)^[79]
• 1959  - Pat Smear, American guitarist and songwriter
• 1960  - David Baldacci, American lawyer and author
• 1961  - Janet McTeer, English actress
• 1961  - Athula Samarasekera, Sri Lankan cricketer and coach
• 1961  - Tim Wilson, American comedian, singer-songwriter, and guitarist (d. 2014)
• 1962  - Patrick Ewing, Jamaican-American basketball player and coach
• 1962  - Otis Thorpe, American basketball player
• 1963  - Steve Lee, Swiss singer-songwriter (d. 2010)
• 1963  - Ingmar De Vos, Belgian sports administrator
• 1963  - Mark Strong, English actor
• 1964  - Rory Morrison, English journalist (d. 2013)^[80]
• 1964  - Adam Yauch, American rapper and director (d. 2012)^[81]
• 1965  - Jeff Coffin, American saxophonist and composer
• 1965  - Motoi Sakuraba, Japanese keyboard player and composer
• 1966  - Jennifer Finch, American singer, bass player, and photographer
• 1966  - Jonathan Silverman, American actor and producer
• 1967  - Matthew Caws, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1968  - Terri Clark, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1968  - Kendo Kashin, Japanese wrestler and mixed martial artist
• 1968  - Marine Le Pen, French lawyer and politician
• 1968  - Oleh Luzhnyi, Ukrainian footballer and manager
• 1968  - Colin McRae, Scottish race car driver (d. 2007)^[82]
• 1968  - John Olerud, American baseball player
• 1969  - Jackie Doyle-Price, English politician
• 1969  - Vasbert Drakes, Barbadian cricketer
• 1969  - Venkatesh Prasad, Indian cricketer and coach
• 1969  - Rob Scott, Australian rower
• 1970  - James Gunn, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1971  - Valdis Dombrovskis, Latvian academic and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Latvia
• 1972  - Ikuto Hidaka, Japanese wrestler
• 1972  - Aaqib Javed, Pakistani cricketer and coach
• 1972  - Darren Shahlavi, English-American actor and martial artist (d. 2015)
• 1972  - Jon Sleightholme, English rugby player
• 1972  - Theodore Whitmore, Jamaican footballer and manager
• 1972  - Christian Olde Wolbers, Belgian-American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
• 1973  - Paul Carige, Australian rugby league player
• 1973  - Justin Marshall, New Zealand rugby player and sportscaster
• 1974  - Alvin Ceccoli, Australian footballer
• 1974  - Kajol, Indian film actress^[83]
• 1974  - Olle Kullinger, Swedish footballer
• 1974  - Antoine Sibierski, French footballer
• 1975  - Dan Hipgrave, English guitarist and journalist
• 1975  - Josep Jufré, Spanish cyclist
• 1975  - Eicca Toppinen, Finnish cellist and composer
• 1976  - Jeff Friesen, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976  - Marians Pahars, Latvian footballer and manager
• 1976  - Eugen Trică, Romanian footballer and manager
• 1977  - Eric Hinske, American baseball player and coach
• 1977  - Mark Mulder, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1977  - Michael Walsh, English footballer
• 1978  - Cosmin Bărcăuan, Romanian footballer and manager
• 1978  - Kim Gevaert, Belgian sprinter
• 1978  - Harel Levy, Israeli tennis player^[84]
• 1979  - David Healy, Irish footballer
• 1980  - Wayne Bridge, English footballer
• 1980  - Salvador Cabañas, Paraguayan footballer
• 1980  - Jason Culina, Australian footballer
• 1980  - Jesse Williams, American actor, director, producer, and political activist^[85]
• 1981  - David Clarke, English ice hockey player
• 1981  - Carl Crawford, American baseball player
• 1981  - Maik Franz, German footballer
• 1981  - Erik Guay, Canadian skier
• 1981  - Travie McCoy, American rapper, singer, and songwriter^[86]
• 1981  - Anna Rawson, Australian golfer
• 1981  - Rachel Scott, American murder victim, inspired the Rachel's Challenge (d. 1999)
• 1982  - Jamie Houston, English-German rugby player
• 1982  - Lolo Jones, American hurdler
• 1982  - Michele Pazienza, Italian footballer
• 1982  - Jeff Robson, Australian rugby league player
• 1982  - Pete Sell, American mixed martial artist
• 1984  - Steve Matai, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1985  - Laurent Ciman, Belgian footballer
• 1985  - Salomon Kalou, Ivorian footballer
• 1985  - Gil Vermouth, Israeli footballer
• 1985  - Erkan Zengin, Swedish footballer
• 1986  - Paula Creamer, American golfer
• 1986  - Kathrin Zettel, Austrian skier
• 1988  - Michael Jamieson, Scottish-English swimmer
• 1988  - Federica Pellegrini, Italian swimmer
• 1989  - Ryan Bertrand, English footballer
• 1989  - Mathieu Manset, French footballer
• 1991  - Esteban Gutiérrez, Mexican race car driver
• 1991  - Konrad Hurrell, Tongan rugby league player
• 1991  - Daniëlle van de Donk, Dutch footballer^[87]
• 1991  - Andreas Weimann, Austrian footballer
• 1994  - Natalia García, Spanish rhythmic gymnast^[88]
• 1995  - Pierre-Emile Højbjerg, Danish footballer
• 1996  - Takakeishō Mitsunobu, Japanese sumo wrestler
• 1996  - Cho Seung-youn, South Korean singer-songwriter and rapper^[89]
• 1997  - Jack Cogger, Australian rugby league player
• 1997  - Olivia Holt, American actress and singer^{[90] [91]}
• 1997  - Wang Yibo, Chinese dancer, singer and actor^[92]
• 1997  - Yungblud, English musician and actor^[93]
• 1998  - Adam Doueihi, Australian-Lebanese rugby league player^[94]
• 2000  - Tom Gilbert, Australian rugby league player^[95]
• 2001  - Anthony Edwards, American basketball player^[96]
• 2003  - Toni Shaw, British Paralympic swimmer^[97]
• 2004  - Gavi, Spanish footballer^[98]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 553  - Xiao Ji, prince of the Liang dynasty (b. 508)
• 642  - Eowa, king of Mercia
• 642  - Oswald, king of Northumbria^[99]
• 824  - Heizei, Japanese emperor (b. 773)
  • 877  - Ubayd Allah ibn Yahya ibn Khaqan, Abbasid vizier 882  - Louis III, Frankish king (b. 863)
• 890  - Ranulf II, duke of Aquitaine (b. 850)
• 910  - Eowils and Halfdan, joint kings of Northumbria
• 910  - Ingwær, king of Northumbria
• 917  - Euthymius I of Constantinople (b. 834)
• 940  - Li Decheng, Chinese general (b. 863)
• 1063  - Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, King of Gwynedd
• 1364  - Kōgon, Japanese emperor (b. 1313)
• 1415  - Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (b. 1375)
• 1415  - Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham (b. 1370)
• 1447  - John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter (b. 1395)^[100]
• 1579  - Stanislaus Hosius, Polish cardinal (b. 1504)
• 1600  - John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie, Scottish conspirator (b. 1577)^[101]

1601–1900

• 1610  - Alonso García de Ramón, Spanish soldier and politician, Royal Governor of Chile (b. 1552)
• 1633  - George Abbot, English archbishop and academic (b. 1562)
• 1678  - Juan García de Zéspedes, Mexican tenor and composer (b. 1619)^[102]
• 1729  - Thomas Newcomen, English engineer, invented the eponymous Newcomen atmospheric engine (b. 1664)^[103]
• 1743  - John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey, English courtier and politician, Vice-Chamberlain of the Household (b. 1696)
• 1778  - Charles Clémencet, French historian and author (b. 1703)
• 1778  - Thomas Linley the younger, English composer (b. 1756)^[104]
• 1792  - Frederick North, Lord North, English politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain (b. 1732)^[105]
• 1799  - Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe, English admiral and politician (b. 1726)^[106]
• 1868  - Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes, French archaeologist and historian (b. 1788)
• 1877  - Robert Williams (known as Trebor Mai), Welsh poet (b. 1830)
• 1880  - Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra, Austrian physician and dermatologist (b. 1816)
• 1881  - Spotted Tail, American tribal chief (b. 1823)^[107]
• 1895  - Friedrich Engels, German philosopher (b. 1820)^[108]

1901–present

• 1901  - Victoria, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom and German Empress (b. 1840)^[109]
• 1904  - George Dibbs, Australian politician, 10th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1834)^[110]
• 1911  - Bob Caruthers, American baseball player and umpire (b. 1864)^[111]
• 1916  - George Butterworth, British composer (b. 1885)^[112]
• 1921  - Dimitrios Rallis, Greek lawyer and politician, 78th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1844)
• 1929  - Millicent Fawcett, English trade union leader and activist (b. 1847)^[113]
• 1933  - Charles Harold Davis, American painter and academic (b. 1856)
• 1935  - David Townsend, American art director and set designer (b. 1891)
• 1939  - Béla Jankovich, Hungarian economist and politician, Minister of Education of Hungary (b. 1865)
• 1944  - Maurice Turnbull, Welsh cricketer and rugby player (b. 1906)
• 1946  - Wilhelm Marx, German lawyer and politician, 17th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1863)
• 1948  - Montagu Toller, English cricketer and lawyer (b. 1871)
• 1952  - Sameera Moussa, Egyptian physicist and academic (b. 1917)
• 1955  - Carmen Miranda, Portuguese-Brazilian actress and singer (b. 1909)^[114]
• 1957  - Heinrich Otto Wieland, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)^[115]
• 1959  - Edgar Guest, English-American journalist and poet (b. 1881)^[116]
• 1960  - Arthur Meighen, Canadian lawyer and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1874)^[117]
• 1963  - Salvador Bacarisse, Spanish composer (b. 1898)^[118]
• 1964  - Moa Martinson, Swedish author (b. 1890)^[119]
• 1964  - Art Ross, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (b. 1886)^{[120] [121]}
• 1968  - Luther Perkins, American guitarist (b. 1928)
• 1978  - Jesse Haines, American baseball player and coach (b. 1893)
• 1980  - Harold L. Runnels, American soldier and politician (b. 1924)^[122]
• 1983  - Judy Canova, American actress and comedian (b. 1913)^[123]
• 1983  - Joan Robinson, English economist and author (b. 1903)^[124]
• 1984  - Richard Burton, Welsh-Swiss actor and producer (b. 1925)^[125]
• 1985  - Arnold Horween, American football player and coach (b. 1898)
• 1987  - Georg Gaßmann, German politician, Mayor of Marburg (b. 1910)
• 1991  - Paul Brown, American football player and coach (b. 1908)
• 1991  - Soichiro Honda, Japanese engineer and businessman, founded Honda (b. 1906)
• 1992  - Robert Muldoon, New Zealand politician, 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1921)
• 1994  - Menachem Avidom, Israeli composer (b. 1908)^[126]
• 1994  - Alain de Changy, Belgian race car driver (b. 1922)
• 1998  - Otto Kretschmer, German commander (b. 1912)^[127]
• 1998  - Todor Zhivkov, Bulgarian commander and politician, 36th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1911)^[128]
• 2000  - Otto Buchsbaum, Austrian-Brazilian journalist and activist (b. 1920)
• 2000  - Tullio Crali, Montenegrin-Italian pilot and painter (b. 1910)
• 2000  - Lala Amarnath, Indian cricketer (b. 1911)^[129]
• 2000  - Alec Guinness, English actor (b. 1914)^[130]
• 2001  - Otema Allimadi, Ugandan politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Uganda (b. 1929)
• 2001  - Christopher Skase, Australian-Spanish businessman (b. 1948)
• 2002  - Josh Ryan Evans, American actor (b. 1982)^[131]
• 2002  - Chick Hearn, American sportscaster (b. 1916)^[132]
• 2002  - Franco Lucentini, Italian journalist and author (b. 1920)^[133]
• 2002  - Darrell Porter, American baseball player (b. 1952)
• 2002  - Matt Robinson, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1937)
• 2005  - Polina Astakhova, Russian gymnast and coach (b. 1936)
• 2005  - Jim O'Hora, American football player and coach (b. 1915)
• 2005  - Raul Roco, Filipino lawyer and politician, 31st Filipino Secretary of Education (b. 1941)^[134]
• 2005  - Eddie Jenkins, Welsh footballer (b. 1909)^[135]
• 2007  - Jean-Marie Lustiger, French cardinal (b. 1926)^[136]
• 2007  - Florian Pittiș, Romanian actor, singer, director, and producer (b. 1943)
• 2008  - Neil Bartlett, English-American chemist and academic (b. 1932)^[137]
• 2008  - Reg Lindsay, Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1929)^[138]
• 2009  - Budd Schulberg, American author, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1914)^[139]
• 2011  - Andrzej Lepper, Polish farmer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1954)^[140]
• 2011  - Aziz Shavershian, Australian bodybuilder (b. 1989)^[141]
• 2012  - Erwin Axer, Polish director and screenwriter (b. 1917)
• 2012  - Michel Daerden, Belgian lawyer and politician (b. 1949)^[142]
• 2012  - Fred Matua, American football player (b. 1984)
• 2012  - Martin E. Segal, Russian-American businessman, co-founded Film Society of Lincoln Center (b. 1916)^[143]
• 2012  - Chavela Vargas, Costa Rican-Mexican singer-songwriter and actress (b. 1919)^[144]
• 2012  - Roland Charles Wagner, French author and translator (b. 1960)^[145]
• 2013  - Ruth Asawa, American sculptor and educator (b. 1926)^[146]
• 2013  - Shawn Burr, Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1966)
• 2013  - Willie Dunn, Canadian singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1942)^[147]
• 2013  - Roy Rubin, American basketball player and coach (b. 1925)
• 2013  - May Song Vang, American activist (b. 1951)
• 2013  - Rob Wyda, American commander and judge (b. 1959)
• 2014  - Harold J. Greene, American general (b. 1962)^[148]
• 2014  - Vladimir Orlov, Russian author (b. 1936)
• 2014  - Chapman Pincher, Indian-English historian, journalist, and author (b. 1914)^[149]
• 2014  - Jesse Leonard Steinfeld, American physician and academic, 11th Surgeon General of the United States (b. 1927)^[150]
• 2015  - Arthur Walter James, English journalist and politician (b. 1912)
• 2015  - Tony Millington, Welsh footballer (b. 1943)
• 2018  - Alan Rabinowitz, American zoologist (b. 1953)^[151]
• 2019  - Toni Morrison, American author, Pulitzer Prize winner, and Nobel laureate (b. 1931).^[152]
• 2020  - Hawa Abdi, Somali human rights activist and physician (b. 1947)^[153]
• 2022  - Judith Durham, Australian singer-songwriter (b. 1943)^[154]
• 2022  - Cherie Gil, Filipino actress (b. 1963)^[155]
• 2022  - Ali Haydar, Syrian army officer (b. 1932)^[156]
• 2022  - Issey Miyake, Japanese fashion designer (b. 1938)^[157]
• 2022  - Dillon Quirke, Irish hurler (b. 1998)^[158]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Abel of Reims
  • Addai
  • Afra
  • Cassian of Autun
  • Dedication of the Basilica of St Mary Major (Catholic Church)
  • Emygdius
  • Memnius
  • Oswald of Northumbria
  • August 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Independence Day (Burkina Faso)
• Victory and Homeland Thanksgiving Day and the Day of Croatian defenders (Croatia)

External links

• Web site: On This Day . BBC.
  • Web site: Historical Events on August 5 . OnThisDay.com.

Notes and References

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3. Book: Peter Armstrong. Otterburn 1388: Bloody border conflict. 20 January 2013. Bloomsbury Publishing. 978-1-84603-770-2. 58.
4. Book: Archibald . Malcolm . Dance If Ye Can: A Dictionary of Scottish Battles . 2016 . Creativia . 978-1536821796 . Roxburgh Castle.
5. Book: Kolodziejczyk, Dariusz . The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania: International Diplomacy on the European Periphery (15th–18th Century). A Study of Peace Treaties Followed by Annotated Documents . The Ottoman Empire and its Heritage . BRILL . 2011 . 9789004191907 . 30–31.
6. Jenny Wormald, "The Gowrie Conspiracy", Miles Kerr-Peterson & Steven J. Reid, James VI and Noble Power (Routledge, 2017), pp. 194–206.
7. Book: John T. Landis. Mayflower Descendants and Their Marriages for Two Generations After the Landing. 1 December 1998. Genealogical Pub.. 978-0-8063-0206-5. 6.
8. Book: Lukowski, Jerzy. The Partitions of Poland: 1772, 1793, 1795. Routledge. 2014 . 978-0-582-29274-1. 81.
9. Web site: EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION :: New Jersey (US) :: OpenCorporates . 2022-05-11 . opencorporates.com.
10. Web site: Historical Overview · Overview · Standard Oil vs. Everyone . 2022-05-11 . projects.leadr.msu.edu.
11. Egido León, Ángeles. El perdon de Franco. La represión de las mujeres en el Madrid de posguerra..Los libros de la catarata. 2009. Madrid.p.63
12. Web site: Mann Gulch Fire,1949 .
13. Ye. Weili. 1 February 2017. The Death of Bian Zhongyun. The Chinese Historical Review. 13. 2. 203–240. en. 10.1080/1547402x.2006.11827241. 151428729.
14. Web site: Brown. Malik. May 12, 2021. A Short Retelling of Atlanta's Long — But Radical — Queer History. May 25, 2021. Out. en.
15. Web site: The Smoking Gun Tape. 2021-06-26. watergate.info. 23 June 1972 .
16. Web site: ASN Aircraft accident Fokker F-27 Friendship 600 S2-ABJ Dhaka-Zia International Airport (DAC). Ranter. Harro. aviation-safety.net. 2019-07-27.
17. News: Walker . Monique . A super finish for Revolution . January 14, 2024 . The Boston Globe . The Boston Globe . August 6, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240107190311/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-a-super-finish-for-revo/27703910/ . January 7, 2024 . 25.
18. News: India Revokes Kashmir's Special Status, Raising Fears of Unrest. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/05/world/asia/india-pakistan-kashmir-jammu.html . 2022-01-01 . limited. Gettleman. Jeffrey. 2019-08-05. The New York Times. 2019-11-15. Raj. Suhasini. en-US. 0362-4331. Schultz. Kai. Kumar. Hari.
19. News: Coronavirus update for Victoria – 5 August 2021 . DHHS. 12 September 2021.
20. Web site: Sheikh Hasina: How Bangladesh's protesters ended a 15-year reign . 2024-08-05 . www.bbc.com . en-GB.
21. Web site: Bangladesh's prime minister flees country and resigns after deadly protest . 2024-08-05 . Sky News . en.
22. Web site: Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina resigns and flees as protesters storm palace . 2024-08-05 . Al Jazeera . en.
23. Waugh . Scott L. . Edmund [Edmund of Woodstock], first earl of Kent (1301–1330), magnate . 2004 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/8506.
24. Planchart . Alejandro Enrique . Du Fay [Dufay; Du Fayt], Guillaume . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.08268.
25. Burrows . David L. . Schmidt . Carl B. . Brown . Jennifer Williams . Cesti, Antonio . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.05335.
26. Du Toit . Alexander . Anderson, James (1662–1728), historiographer and antiquary . 2004 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/473.
27. Hucke . Helmut . Cafiero . Rosa . Leo, Leonardo . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.16416.
28. Stephenson . Kurt . Kummer, Friedrich August . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.15661.
29. Book: Stubhaug . A. . Laudal . Olav Arnfinn . Piene . Ragni . The Life of Niels Henrik Abel . 2004 . Springer . Berlin . 9783642189081 . 7.
30. Smith . Richard Langham . Thomas, (Charles Louis) Ambroise . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.27856.
31. Heuman . Gad . Eyre, Edward John (1815–1901), explorer and colonial governor . 3 January 2008 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/33060.
32. Allan . Jean Mary . Skinner, James Scott . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.25933.
33. Iovleva . L. I. . Repin, Il’ya . Oxford Art Online . 2003 . 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T071521.
34. Parkin . Michael . Wain, Louis William (1860–1939), artist . 7 January 2016 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/36677.
35. Osborne . Peter . Merrick, Joseph Carey [called the Elephant Man] (1862–1890), freak show novelty and medical curiosity . 25 May 2006 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/37759.
36. Salmenhaara . Erkki . Poroila . Heikki . Merikanto, (Frans) Oskar . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.18447.
37. Smith . Mark C. . Mitchell, Wesley Clair (1874-1948), economist . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1400415.
38. Cott . Nancy F. . Beard, Mary Ritter (1876-1958), historian . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1400044.
39. Stenzel . Sharon V. . Sawyer, Ruth (05 August 1880–03 June 1970), children's writer and lecturer . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1601449.
40. Web site: The Dictionary of Ulster Biography. Down. K-Point Internet Solutions – Warrenpoint, Newry, County. www.newulsterbiography.co.uk. 2018-11-09.
41. Butscher . Edward . Aiken, Conrad (1889-1973), author and critic . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600018.
42. Sanderson . Colin C. . Gabo, Naum . Oxford Art Online . 2003 . 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T030312.
43. Brunner . Gerhard . Kleiber, Erich . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.15119.
44. News: Daley . Suzanne . Claude Autant-Lara, 98, a Film Director . 4 August 2024 . The New York Times . 9 February 2000.
45. News: Noble . Holcomb B. . Wassily Leontief, Economist Who Won a Nobel, Dies at 93 . 4 August 2024 . The New York Times . 7 February 1999.
46. News: Younger . Alexandra . Vallance . Tom . Obituary: Joan Hickson . 4 August 2024 . The Independent . 19 October 1998.
47. Stempel . Tom . Huston, John (1906-1987), film director and screenwriter . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1800611.
48. Graybar . Lloyd J. . Taylor, Robert (1911-1969), motion picture actor . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1801126.
49. News: Johnson . Douglas . Abbé Pierre . 4 August 2024 . The Guardian . 23 January 2007.
50. News: Harrigan . Tom . Character actor Parley Baer . 4 August 2024 . Santa Cruz Sentinel . The Associated Press . 24 November 2002 . 21 . Newspapers.com.
51. News: Hodgson . Godfrey . Peter Viereck . 4 August 2024 . The Guardian . 30 May 2006.
52. News: Clarke . Mary . Betty Oliphant . 4 August 2024 . The Guardian . 2 August 2004.
53. Web site: Rosalind Hicks. 2020-10-31. www.scotsman.com. 16 November 2004 . en.
54. News: Grimes . William . George Tooker, Painter Capturing Modern Anxieties, Dies at 90 . 4 August 2024 . The New York Times . 29 March 2011.
55. News: Associated Press . Top-ranking Mormon leader L. Tom Perry dies from cancer . 4 August 2024 . Los Angeles Times . 31 May 2015.
56. News: Goldstein . Richard . Frank Stranahan, Top Amateur Golfer and Ardent Fitness Advocate, Dies at 90 . 4 August 2024 . The New York Times . 28 June 2013.
57. News: Obituary:Devan Nair, 82, ex-president of Singapore . 4 August 2024 . The New York Times . 8 December 2005.
58. Thurlow . Jeremy . Jolas, Betsy . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14432.
59. Crouch . Tom D. . Armstrong, Neil (05 August 1930–25 August 2012) . October 2015 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1302689.
60. News: Michal Kovac, Slovakia's first president, dies at 86 . 4 August 2024 . AP News . 5 October 2016.
61. Metzelaar . Helen . Marez Oyens, Tera de . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.17770.
62. News: Dixon . Stephen . Gay Byrne obituary . 4 August 2024 . The Guardian . 5 November 2019.
63. News: Gilbey . Ryan . Michael Ballhaus obituary . 4 August 2024 . The Guardian . 13 April 2017.
64. News: Field Marshal Lord Inge, former head of the Armed Forces who resisted defence cuts and fought for Britain’s status within Nato – obituary . 4 August 2024 . The Telegraph . 21 July 2022.
65. Web site: Curran . Jonathan . Roy P. Benavidez . National Museum of the United States Army . 4 August 2024.
66. News: Genzlinger . Neil . John Saxon, a Star of ‘Enter the Dragon,’ Is Dead at 83 . 4 August 2024 . The New York Times . 28 July 2020.
67. News: Hevesi . Dennis . Brian Marsden, Tracker of Comets, Dies at 73 . 4 August 2024 . The New York Times . 23 November 2010.
68. News: Robson . Graham . Obituary: Roger Clark . 4 August 2024 . The Independent . 16 January 1998 . en.
69. Web site: Sensacine.com . August 24, 2019. Carmen Salinas. es.
70. News: Goldstein . Richard . Roman Gabriel, Star Quarterback of the 1960s and ’70s, Dies at 83 . 4 August 2024 . The New York Times . 20 April 2024.
71. News: Rick Huxley, Bassist for the Dave Clark Five, Dies at 72 . 4 August 2024 . The New York Times . The Associated Press . 14 February 2013.
72. News: Bergan . Ronald . Bob Clark . 4 August 2024 . The Guardian . 11 April 2007.
73. Web site: Pearlman . Robert Z. . Cosmonaut Leonid Kizim, Who Visited 2 Space Stations in 1 Mission, Dies . Space.com . 4 August 2024 . en . 17 June 2010.
74. Mattingly . Rick . Moreira, Airto (Guimorva) . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.50602.
75. Burnand . David . Gunning, Christopher . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.48848.
76. Web site: Jackson, Shirley Ann, 1946– . history.aip.org . 17 February 2020.
77. Web site: Barbara Flynn. https://web.archive.org/web/20161003120807/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba286fa51. dead. 3 October 2016. BFI. 5 March 2021.
78. Web site: Ulla Salzgeber . olympedia.org . 14 March 2024 .
79. News: Sweeting . Adam . Pete Burns obituary . 4 August 2024 . The Guardian . 25 October 2016.
80. News: Hubbard . Katy . Rory Morrison obituary . 4 August 2024 . The Guardian . 12 June 2013.
81. News: Pareles . Jon . Rapper Conquered Music World in ’80s With Beastie Boys . 4 August 2024 . The New York Times . 5 May 2012.
82. News: Obituary: Colin McRae . 4 August 2024 . Belfast Telegraph . 17 September 2007.
83. News: Instagram and Twitter pours in wishes as Kajol turns 44. The New Indian Express. 5 August 2018 .
84. Web site: Harel Levy | Overview | ATP Tour | Tennis. ATP Tour.
85. Web site: Koirala. Kareena. 2020-08-06. 'Grey's Anatomy' Star Jesse Williams' GF Pens Touching Tribute in Honor of His 40th Birthday. 2021-05-21. news.amomama.com. en.
86. Web site: Travie McCoy | Biography & History. AllMusic.
87. Web site: 2015-09-13 . FIFA Tournaments - Players & Coaches - Danielle VAN DE DONK . https://web.archive.org/web/20150913162943/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=386918/index.html . 2015-09-13 . 2022-10-22 .
88. Web site: 2019 World Championships Result Book . usagym . PDF.
89. Web site: WOODZ. Yuehua Entertainment. January 16, 2022.
90. Web site: Olivia Holt . Hollywood.com . January 31, 2017.
91. Web site: Disney XD Medianet . Disney XD Medianet . 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140924114420/http://www.disneyxdmedianet.com/web/showpage/showpage.aspx?program_id=900078&type=holt . September 24, 2014 . February 26, 2012 . dead .
92. Web site: YUE HUA ENTERTAINMENT . 21 January 2022.
93. Web site: Aniftos . Rania . Halsey Shares Sweet Birthday Message for 'Darling' Yungblud . . 5 August 2023 . 5 August 2019.
94. Web site: Adam Doueihi. Rugby League Project.
95. Web site: Tom Gilbert. Rugby League Project.
96. Web site: Anthony Edwards Minnesota Timberwolves . nba.com . January 31, 2022.
97. Web site: Toni Shaw . British Swimming . 21 February 2020.
98. https://players.fcbarcelona.com/en/player/2835-gavi-pablo-martin-paez-gaviria GAVI PABLO MARTÍN PAEZ GAVIRIA
99. Book: Cheney . Christopher Robert . Jones . Michael . A Handbook of Dates: For Students of British History . 6 April 2000 . Cambridge University Press . 978-0-521-77845-9 . 24 . en.
100. Griffiths . R. A. . Holland [Holand], John, first duke of Exeter (1395–1447), soldier and magnate . 3 January 2008 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/13530.
101. Juhala . Amy L. . Ruthven, John, third earl of Gowrie (1577/8–1600), magnate and alleged conspirator . 2004 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/24371.
102. Russell . Craig H. . García de Zéspedes [Céspedes], Juan . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.41451.
103. Allen . John S. . Newcomen, Thomas (bap. 1664, d. 1729), ironmonger and inventor of the atmospheric steam engine . 3 January 2008 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/19997.
104. Beechey . Gwilym . Linley, Thomas (ii) . 2001 . 10.1093/omo/9781561592630.013.90000380319.
105. Web site: History of Lord Frederick North - GOV.UK . www.gov.uk . 1 July 2023 . en.
106. Knight . Roger . Howe, Richard, Earl Howe (1726–1799), naval officer . 8 June 2023 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/13963.
107. Clow . Richmond L. . Spotted Tail . 1999 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.2000971.
108. Book: Carver . Terrell . Engels before Marx . 2020 . Palgrave Macmillan . Cham . 978-3-030-42371-1 . 2.
109. Ramm . Agatha . Victoria, princess royal (1840–1901), German empress, consort of Frederick III . 25 May 2006 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/36653.
110. Bruce E. . Mansfield . Sir George Richard Dibbs (1834–1904) . 4 . 1972 . dibbs-sir-george-richard-3408 . 4 August 2024.
111. Weir . Robert E. . Caruthers, Robert Lee (1864-1911), baseball player . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1900746.
112. Banfield . Stephen . Butterworth, George . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.04467.
113. Howarth . Janet . Fawcett, Dame Millicent Garrett [née Millicent Garrett] (1847–1929), leader of the constitutional women's suffrage movement and author . 4 October 2007 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/33096.
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115. Karrer . Paul . Heinrich Wieland, 1877-1957 . Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . November 1958 . 4 . 341–352 . 10.1098/rsbm.1958.0026.
116. Gale . Robert L. . Guest, Edgar Albert (1881-1959), journalist and poet . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600669.
117. News: Arthur Meighen, Prime Minister Twice, Passes . 4 August 2024 . Nanaimo Daily News . 5 August 1960 . 1 . Newspapers.com.
118. Heine . Christiane . Bacarisse (Chinoria), Salvador . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.01654.
119. Book: Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature. Springfield. Merriam-Webster. 1995. 739. 978-0-87779-042-6.
120. News: Art Ross Dies At 79 . 2 August 2020 . The Montreal Gazette . 6 Aug 1964.
121. News: ART ROSS, COACH OF BOSTON BRUINS; Member of Hockey Hall of Fame Is Dead at 78 . 2 August 2020 . The New York Times . 6 August 1964.
122. News: Rep. Harold Runnels, 5-Term Congressman In New Mexico, Dies . 4 August 2024 . The New York Times . 6 August 1980.
123. News: Daley . Suzanne . JUDY CANOVA DIES; COMEDIAN WAS 66 . 4 August 2024 . The New York Times . 7 August 1983.
124. News: Arenson . Karen W. . PROF. JOAN ROBINSON DIES AT 79; CAMBRDIGE UNIVERSITY ECONOMIST . 4 August 2024 . The New York Times . 11 August 1983.
125. News: Dowd . Maureen . RICHARD BURTON, 58, IS DEAD; RAKISH STAGE AND SCREEN STAR . 4 August 2024 . The New York Times . 6 August 1984.
126. News: Menachem Avidom; Pioneer Israeli Composer . 4 August 2024 . Los Angeles Times . 12 August 1995.
127. News: Childs . David . Obituary: Admiral Otto Kretschmer . 4 August 2024 . The Independent . 24 August 1998.
128. News: Binder . David . Todor Zhivkov Dies at 86; Ruled Bulgaria for 35 Years . 4 August 2024 . The New York Times . 7 August 1998.
129. News: Pandya . Haresh . Lala Amarnath . 4 August 2024 . The Guardian . 9 August 2000.
130. Web site: Acting world mourns Sir Alec . news.bbc.co.uk . BBC News . 2 August 2020 . 7 August 2000.
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