554 Explained

Year 554 (DLIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 554 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

• August 13  - Byzantine Emperor Justinian I issues a pragmatic sanction reorganizing Italy, and rewards the praetorian prefect Liberius for over 60 years of distinguished service, granting him extensive estates in Italy.^[1]
• August 15  - The 554 Anatolia earthquake takes place in the southwest coasts of Anatolia (Asia Minor). It affects the Güllük Gulf (Mandalya Gulf), and the island of Kos.^[2]
• October  - Battle of the Volturnus: In the spring Butilinus (Buccelin) has marched north; the Frankish army (infected by an epidemic of dysentery which kills their leader Leutharis (Lothair)) is reduced to about 30,000 men. The Byzantine army, with 18,000 men (including a contingent of Goths under Aligern), marches south to meet them at Casilinum (on the banks of the River Volturno). Byzantine eunuch general Narses sends a cavalry force under Chanaranges to destroy the supply wagons of the Franks. Outmanoeuvring Butilinus, he chooses a disposition similar to that at Taginae. After a frontal assault on the Byzantine centre, the Franks and the Alamanni are annihilated, thus effectively ending the Gothic War (535–554). Narses garrisons an army of 16,000 men in Italy. The recovery of the Italian Peninsula has cost the empire about 300,000 pounds of gold.^[3]

Europe

• Byzantine forces under Liberius seize Granada (Andalusia) and occupy the old province of Baetica. Justinian I calls Belisarius out of retirement, to complete the consolidation of reconquered regions of Southern Spain.
• Athanagild is crowned as king of the Visigoths and succeeds Agila I. He acknowledges the suzerainty of the Byzantine Empire.

Asia

• Al-Mundhir III ibn al-Nu'man is defeated and killed by the Ghassanids under al-Harith ibn Jabalah, at the battle of Yawm Halima; 'Amr III ibn al-Mundhir succeeds as king of the Lakhmids.
• Baekje and the Gaya Confederacy wage war upon Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, but are defeated.
• Wideok becomes king of the Korean kingdom of Baekje.^[4]
• Muqan Qaghan succeeds his brother Issik Qaghan as emperor (khagan) of the Göktürks.
• The second and larger of the two Buddhas of Bamyan is erected in central Afghanistan.^[5]

China

• Gong Di succeeds his brother Fei Di as emperor of Western Wei. He is deposed by general Yuwen Tai who puts him to death.
• Siege and Fall of Jiangling: The Western Wei forces launched a military campaign against the Liang dynasty, targeting Jiangling, the Liang capital.
• After a protracted siege, Jiangling fell to the Western Wei army.
• Emperor Yuan of Liang (Xiao Yi) was captured during this assault and was subsequently executed.
• Mass Enslavement and Destruction: Following the capture of Jiangling, the city faced extensive looting and destruction. Historical records indicate that a large portion of the population was either killed or enslaved. The fall of Jiangling significantly weakened the Liang dynasty, leading to further internal strife and fragmentation. Power vacuums emerged, causing shifts in control among the remaining regional powers.
• Wei Shou completes compilation of the Book of Wei.

By topic

Religion

• Cassiodorus, Roman statesman, founds the Monastery at Vivarium (approximate date).^[6]

Births

• exact date unknown
  • Fei (Chen Bozong), emperor of the Chen dynasty (d. 570)
  • Suiko, empress of Japan (d. 628)^[7]
• probable Wendelin of Trier, Germanic hermit and abbot^[8]

Deaths

• March - Agila I, king of the Visigoths^[9]
• exact date unknown
  • Al-Mundhir III ibn al-Nu'man, king of the Lakhmids (Iraq)^[10]
  • Fei Di (Yuan Qin), emperor of Western Wei^[11]
  • Mermeroes, Persian general^[12]
  • Seong, king of Baekje (Korea)^[13]
• probable
  • Liberius, Roman aristocrat^[14]
  • Yuwen, empress of Western Wei

Notes and References

1. Book: O'Donnell, James. James J. O'Donnell. Liberius. 69.
2. Antonopoulos, 1980
3. Book: Norwich, John Julius. John Julius Norwich. Byzantium: The Early Centuries. 233.
4. Web site: List of Rulers of Korea . www.metmuseum.org . 21 April 2019.
5. [Roger Cohen|Cohen, Roger]
6. Jean Leclerq, "The Love of Learning and the Desire for God", 2nd revised edition (New York: Fordham, Fordham University Press, (1977), p. 25
7. Book: Encyclopaedia Britannica, inc. The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1998. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 9780852296639 .
8. Book: Richard Willing Wentz. Record of the Descendants of Johann Jost Wentz. 1884. Binghamton daily republican.
9. Book: Warren T. Treadgold. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. October 1997. Stanford University Press. 978-0-8047-2630-6. 211–.
10. Book: Glen Warren Bowersock. Peter Brown. Oleg Grabar. Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World. registration. 1999. Harvard University Press. 978-0-674-51173-6. 536–.
11. Book: Victor Cunrui Xiong. Historical Dictionary of Medieval China. 2009. Rowman & Littlefield. 978-0-8108-6053-7. 643–.
12. Book: Henry Fynes Clinton. An Epitome of the Civil and Literary Chronology of Rome and Constantinople: From the Death of Augustus to the Death of Heraclius. 1853. University Press. 235–.
13. Book: 차용걸. 조순흠. 한국성곽학회. 삼년산성. 2008. 충청북도. 9788996173212 .
14. Book: Patrick Amory. People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 489-554. 16 October 2003. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-52635-7. 159–.