| Unit Name: | 543d Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group |
| Dates: | 1942–1945; 1950–1951; 1997–present |
| Role: | Intelligence |
| Size: | Over 800 personnel[1] |
| Command Structure: | Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency |
| Current Commander: | Col Ty S. Gilbert[2] |
| Garrison: | Joint Base San Antonio, Texas |
| Nickname: | Warrior Scouts |
| Motto: | Archez Bien French Shoot Well (WW II) |
| Battles: | Mediterranean Theater of Operations Korean War |
| Decorations: | Distinguished Unit Citation Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat V Air Force Outstanding Unit Award Korean Presidential Unit Citation |
| Identification Symbol Label: | 543d Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group emblem (approved 5 October 2010)[3] |
| Identification Symbol 2 Label: | 3d Reconnaissance Group Emblem (approved 29 October 1942)[4] |
The United States Air Force's 543d Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group is an intelligence unit located at Joint Base San Antonio, Texas. It has been located there since 1997, when it was activated as the 543d Intelligence Group. It focuses on cryptologic operations and signals intelligence.
The group's earliest predecessor was established in June 1942 as the 3d Photographic Group. After training in the United States, the group deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, where it performed reconnaissance missions, primarily for Twelfth Air Force, earning a Distinguished Unit Citation for its support of Operation Dragoon. After the surrender of Germany, the group was inactivated in Italy in September 1945.
The second ancestor of the group is the 543d Tactical Support Group, a United States Air Force unit that fought in the Korean War under Fifth Air Force. The 543d was established in September 1950 to control tactical reconnaissance units operating in Korea. In February 1951, the group was inactivated and replaced by the 67th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing and its subordinate units transferred or replaced by units of the 67th Wing.
The 543rd Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group is a force provider for national cryptologic operations and serves as Sixteenth Air Force's primary service cryptologic component for the Department of Homeland Security. The group provides air signals intelligence analysts for the National Security Agency as well as Air Force national and tactical intelligence integration for Air Forces Southern and Air Forces Northern's air operations centers. The group also supports cryptologic missions within North American Air Defense Command and United States Southern Command.[5]
The group was first activated in June 1942 as the 3d Photographic Group and assigned directly to Headquarters, Army Air Forces. The group's initial components were the 12th, 13th, 14th and 15th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadrons.[6] [7] [8] [9] It trained at Peterson Field, Colorado until September 1942, when it moved (less its 14th Squadron and B and C Flights of the 15th) to England, where it flew missions with Eighth Air Force as it prepared for Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa.[4] [8]
In December 1942, the group moved to North Africa along with its 12th and 15th Squadrons. The 15th's A Flight preceded other group elements, arriving at Tafaroui, Algeria on 18 November, ten days after the initial Torch landings.[9] Although the 13th Photographic Squadron continued to be assigned to the 3d Group until July 1943, the squadron remained in England where it was attached to elements of Eighth Air Force.[7]
The group provided photographic intelligence that assisted the campaign for Tunisia, Operation Corkscrew, the neutralization of Pantelleria, the Sardinia campaign, and Operation Husky, the invasion of Sicily. It reconnoitered airfields, roads, marshalling yards and harbors both before and after Operation Avalanche, the Allied landings at Salerno. It provided coverage for the Battle of Anzio early in 1944 and continued to support the United States Fifth Army in its drive through Italy by determining troop movements, gun positions, and terrain. In Italy, the 23d Photographic Squadron filled out the group again. The squadron was attached to the 3d Group several times in 1943 and 1944, before finally being assigned in November 1944.[10]
Flying from Corsica, the 3d flew reconnaissance missions supporting Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France in August 1944. The group received a Distinguished Unit Citation for a mission on 28 August 1944 when it provided photographic intelligence that assisted the rapid advance of Allied ground forces. The group also mapped areas in France and the Balkans. The group was inactivated in Italy in September 1945 and disbanded in 1947.[4]
When the Korean War broke out in June 1950, Far East Air Forces reconnaissance assets included the 8th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, which began flying missions with its Lockheed RF-80 Shooting Stars from Itazuke Air Base.[11] In August, the 162d Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron moved to Itazuke from Langley Air Force Base. Virginia with its Douglas RB-26 Invaders to augment Fifth Air Force night reconnaissance operations in Korea.[12] However, because of the demand for photographic reconnaissance products, the 162d Squadron flew mostly daylight missions.[13]
When the 45th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron was activated on 26 September,[14] the 543d Tactical Support Group was organized as the headquarters for Fifth Air Force's tactical reconnaissance units operating in Korea. The 45th was activated to fill the gap in visual reconnaissance, which was being performed by a handful of North American T-6 Texans.[13] The 543d and two of its squadrons moved to Korea three days after it was activated.[3] The move was already planned as Fifth Air Force moved units to Korea following the Inchon Landings.[15]
The shortage of photographic interpreters in United States Eighth Army, required the group's 363d Reconnaissance Technical Squadron, which had moved from Langley along with the 162d, to reproduce materials on behalf of the Army.[16] In early November, when reports were received that People's Liberation Army forces were advancing under cover of night, the group's 162d Squadron to begin flying the night missions it had been organized to perform.[13] Until December, the lack of air opposition permitted group aircraft to operate over Korea without fighter cover. However, the increased presence of Chinese MiG-15s resulted in a requirement for high altitude cover, while group reconnaissance aircraft were flying at low level near the Yalu River.[17]
As the Chinese advanced southward through the Korean Peninsula through December 1950, the quality of photographic interpretation provided by the group diminished as other intelligence sources from ground and air dried up, leaving interpreters without context for their work, This lessened the effectiveness of a push during the last ten days of December in which the reconnaissance squadrons mapped the area in front of Eighth Army's lines to a depth of forty miles.[18] In early 1951, as enemy forces continued their southward advance, group headquarters returned to Japan, where its mission, personnel and equipment was absorbed by the 67th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing, which was simultaneously activated at Komaki Air Base. The 45th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron was transferred to the 67th, while the other squadrons of the 543d Group were replaced by newly activated squadrons of the 67th Wing.[19] [20] In 2005, the 543d was consolidated with the 543d Intelligence Group.[3]
The 3d Reconnaissance Group was reconstituted in July 1985 and redesignated the 543d Tactical Intelligence Group on the inactive list. In 1997, the "Tactical" was dropped from its name and it was activated as an element of the 67th Intelligence Wing at the Medina Annex of Kelly Air Force Base. Three years later, the group transferred to the 70th Intelligence Wing.[3]
Activated on 20 June 1942
Inactivated on 12 September 1945
Activated on 1 March 1997
Activated on 26 September 1950
Inactivated on 25 February 1951
Flight further attached to 5th Reconnaissance Group, 10 March – 5 May 1944[22]
| Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tunisia | 12 November 1942 – 13 May 1943 | 3d Photographic Group | ||
| Sicily | 14 May 1943 – 17 August 1943 | 3d Photographic Group (later 3rd Photographic Reconnaissance and Mapping Group) | ||
| Naples-Foggia | 18 August 1943 – 21 January 1944 | 3rd Photographic Reconnaissance and Mapping Group (later 3d Photographic Group) | ||
| Anzio | 22 January 1944 – 24 May 1944 | 3d Photographic Group | ||
| Rome-Arno | 22 January 1944 – 9 September 1944 | 3d Photographic Group | ||
| Southern France | 15 August 1944 – 14 September 1944 | 3d Photographic Group | ||
| North Apennines | 10 September 1944 – 4 April 1945 | 3d Photographic Group | ||
| Po Valley | 3 April 1945 – 8 May 1945 | 3d Photographic Group | ||
| Rhineland | 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 | 3d Photographic Group | ||
| Central Europe | 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 | 3d Photographic Group (later 3d Reconnaissance Group) | ||
| Air Combat, EAME Theater | 8 September 1942 – 11 May 1945 | 3d Photographic Group (also 3rd Photographic Reconnaissance and Mapping Group) | ||
| UN Offensive | 26 September 1950 – 2 November 1950 | 543d Tactical Support Group | ||
| CCF Intervention | 3 November 1950 – 24 January 1951 | 543d Tactical Support Group | ||
| 1st UN Counteroffensive | 25 January 1951 – 25 February 1951 | 543d Tactical Support Group |