525 lines explained

525-line (or EIA 525/60) is an American standard-definition television resolution used since July 1, 1941, mainly in the context of analog TV broadcast systems. It consists of a 525-line raster, with 480 lines carrying the visible image at 30 interlaced frames per second. It was eventually adopted by countries using 60 Hz utility frequency as TV broadcasts resumed after World War II. With the introduction of color television in the 1950s,^[1] it became associated with the NTSC analog color standard.

The system was given their letter designation as CCIR System M in the ITU identification scheme adopted in Stockholm in 1961.

A similar 625-line system was adopted by countries using 50 Hz utility frequency. Other systems, like 375-line, 405-line, 441-line and 819-line existed, but became outdated or had limited adoption.

The modern standard-definition digital video resolution 480i is equivalent to 525-line and can be used to digitize a TV signal, or to it playback generating a 525-line compatible analog signal.^[2]

Analog broadcast television standards

The following International Telecommunication Union standards use 525-lines:

• CCIR System J^{[3] [4]}
• CCIR System M^{[5] [6] [7]}

Analog color television systems

The following analog television color systems were used in conjunction with the previous standards (identified by a letter after the color system indication):

• NTSC (NTSC-J and NTSC-M)^[8]
• PAL (PAL-M)
• SECAM (SECAM-M)

Digital video

525-lines is sometimes mentioned when digitizing analog video, or when outputting digital video in an standard definition analog compatible format.

• 480i, a Standard-definition television digital video mode.
• NTSC DVD
• NTSC Video CD
• Rec. 601, a 1982 standard for encoding interlaced analog video signals in digital video form.
• D-1, a 1986 SMPTE component digital recording video standard.
• D-2, a 1988 SMPTE composite digital recording video standard.

See also

• 625 lines
• 480p

Notes and References

1. National Television System Committee (1951–1953), Report and Reports of Panel No. 11, 11-A, 12–19, with Some supplementary references cited in the Reports, and the Petition for adoption of transmission standards for color television before the Federal Communications Commission, n.p., 1953
2. Web site: What means 480i? . Afterdawn.com.
3. Book: Parekh, Ranjan . Principles of Multimedia . July 1, 2013 . Tata McGraw-Hill Education . 9781259006500 . Google Books.
4. Book: Poynton, Charles . Digital Video and HD: Algorithms and Interfaces . January 3, 2003 . Elsevier . 9780080504308 . Google Books.
5. Book: Pursell, Carroll . A Companion to American Technology . April 30, 2008 . John Wiley & Sons . 9780470695333 . Google Books.
6. Book: Herbert, Stephen . A History of Early Television . June 21, 2004 . Taylor & Francis . 9780415326681 . Google Books.
7. Book: Meadow, Charles T. . Making Connections: Communication through the Ages . February 11, 2002 . Scarecrow Press . 9781461706915 . Google Books.
8. Web site: Television - Color, Broadcast, CRT Britannica . 2023-07-26 . www.britannica.com . en.