4th Northern Ireland Assembly explained

4th Northern Ireland Assembly
Body:Assembly
Country:Northern Ireland
Meeting Place:Parliament Buildings,
Stormont
Election:2011 assembly election
Government:Executive of the 4th Assembly
Term Start:12 May 2011
Term End:29 March 2016
Before:3rd Assembly
After:5th Assembly
Membership1:108
Chamber1 Leader1 Type:Speaker
Chamber1 Leader1:Mitchel McLaughlin
William Hay
Chamber1 Leader2 Type:First Minister
Chamber1 Leader2:Arlene Foster
Peter Robinson

Arlene Foster (Acting)

— Peter Robinson
Chamber1 Leader3 Type:Deputy First Minister
Chamber1 Leader3:Martin McGuinness
John O'Dowd (Acting)

— Martin McGuinness
Session1 Start:12 May 2011
Session1 End:28 June 2011
Session2 Start:12 September 2011
Session2 End:3 July 2012
Session3 Start:10 September 2012
Session3 End:16 July 2013
Session4 Start:9 September 2013
Session4 End:1 July 2014
Session5 Start:8 September 2014
Session5 End:4 July 2015

The fourth Northern Ireland Assembly was the unicameral devolved legislature of Northern Ireland following the 2011 assembly election on 5 May 2011.[1] This iteration of the elected Assembly convened for the first time on 12 May 2011 in Parliament Buildings in Stormont, and ran for a full term.

The election saw 18 Assembly constituencies return six Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) each. The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), led by Peter Robinson, remained the largest unionist party and the largest overall. Sinn Féin, led by Gerry Adams, remained the largest Irish nationalist party and the second largest overall. As per the Belfast Agreement and the St Andrews Agreement, a power-sharing coalition was then formed with the DUP, Sinn Féin, the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) and the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland. William Hay was elected as Speaker in the first sitting of the assembly. Following Hay's retirement, Mitchel McLaughlin was elected as the first nationalist Speaker in October 2014.

The UUP, led by Tom Elliott, and the SDLP, led by Margaret Ritchie, secured fewer seats than in the previous assembly. The Alliance Party, led by David Ford, emerged from the election with an increased mandate after securing an additional seat. The four main parties which sat outside of the Northern Ireland Executive and thereby served unofficially in opposition were the Green Party in Northern Ireland, the Traditional Unionist Voice, NI21 and the United Kingdom Independence Party.

More than three quarters of the members of the 3rd Northern Ireland Assembly were re-elected to the 4th: 83 MLAs had been members for all or part of the assembly's previous term. This included 11 individuals who became MLAs in the previous assembly by virtue of co-option. Twenty of the MLAs elected in 2011 were women. 25 new MLAs were elected to the assembly, 23% of the total.

Party strengths

--style="font-size: 95%;-->"
PartyDesignationMay 2011
election
Jul 2015
end
Democratic Unionist PartyUnionist3838
Sinn FéinNationalist2928
Ulster Unionist PartyUnionist1613
Social Democratic and Labour PartyNationalist1414
Alliance Party of Northern IrelandOther88
Green Party in Northern IrelandOther11
Traditional Unionist VoiceUnionist11
IndependentUnionist12
NI21Unioniststyle="text-align:center;"-1
UKIPUnioniststyle="text-align:center;"-1
SpeakerNone01
Totals by designationUnionist5656
Nationalist4342
Other99
None01
Total108
● = Northern Ireland Executive

Graphical representation

Leadership

Executive

Opposition

MLAs by party

This is a list of MLAs elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly in the 2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, sorted by party.

Not to be confused: Paul Girvan (South Antrim) and Paul Givan (Lagan Valley) are different people, although both were co-opted to replace retiring Democratic Unionist members of the last Assembly. Roy Beggs, Jr. (born 1962) is the son of the Ulster Unionist Roy Beggs (born 1936), a former Assembly member for North Antrim and former MP for East Antrim in the British House of Commons. Similarly Mark H. Durkan (b. 1978) is the nephew of the former SDLP leader Mark Durkan (b. 1960), who left the Assembly after his election in 2010 as MP for Foyle.[2]

Party NameConstituency
Democratic Unionist Party (38)Sydney AndersonUpper Bann
Jonathan BellStrangford
Paula BradleyBelfast North
Thomas BuchananWest Tyrone
Gregory CampbellEast Londonderry
Trevor ClarkeSouth Antrim
Jonathan CraigLagan Valley
Sammy DouglasBelfast East
Gordon DunneNorth Down
Alex EastonNorth Down
Arlene FosterFermanagh and South Tyrone
Paul FrewNorth Antrim
Paul GirvanSouth Antrim
Paul GivanLagan Valley
Brenda HaleLagan Valley
Simon HamiltonStrangford
David HilditchEast Antrim
William HumphreyBelfast North
William IrwinNewry and Armagh
Pam LewisSouth Antrim
Gordon LyonsEast Antrim
Nelson McCauslandBelfast North
Ian McCreaMid Ulster
David McIlveenNorth Antrim
Michelle McIlveenStrangford
Adrian McQuillanEast Londonderry
Gary Middleton ††Foyle
Maurice MorrowFermanagh and South Tyrone
Stephen MoutrayUpper Bann
Robin NewtonBelfast East
Emma PengellyBelfast South
Edwin PootsLagan Valley
George RobinsonEast Londonderry
Peter RobinsonBelfast East
Alastair RossEast Antrim
Mervyn StoreyNorth Antrim
Peter WeirNorth Down
Jim WellsSouth Down
Sinn Féin (28)Cathal BoylanNewry and Armagh
Michaela BoyleWest Tyrone
Megan FearonNewry and Armagh
Phil FlanaganFermanagh and South Tyrone
Chris HazzardSouth Down
Gerry KellyBelfast North
Seán LynchFermanagh and South Tyrone
Alex MaskeyBelfast West
Declan McAleerWest Tyrone
Fra McCannBelfast West
Jennifer McCannBelfast West
Raymond McCartneyFoyle
Rosie McCorleyBelfast West
Barry McElduffWest Tyrone
Bronwyn McGahanFermanagh and South Tyrone
Martin McGuinnessMid Ulster
Daithí McKayNorth Antrim
Maeve McLaughlinFoyle
Oliver McMullanEast Antrim
Ian MilneMid Ulster
Conor MurphyNewry and Armagh
Carál Ní ChuilínBelfast North
Cathal Ó hOisínEast Londonderry
Máirtín Ó MuilleoirBelfast South
John O'DowdUpper Bann
Michelle O'NeillMid Ulster
Caitríona RuaneSouth Down
Pat SheehanBelfast West
Ulster Unionist Party (13)Andy AllenBelfast East
Roy Beggs, Jr.East Antrim
Adrian Cochrane-WatsonSouth Antrim
Leslie CreeNorth Down
Jo-Anne DobsonUpper Bann
Sam GardinerUpper Bann
Ross HusseyWest Tyrone
Danny KennedyNewry and Armagh
Michael McGimpseyBelfast South
Mike NesbittStrangford
Sandra OverendMid Ulster
Alastair Patterson ††Fermanagh and South Tyrone
Robin SwannNorth Antrim
Social Democratic and Labour Party (14)Alex AttwoodBelfast West
Dominic BradleyNewry and Armagh
John DallatEast Londonderry
Gerard DiverFoyle
Mark H. DurkanFoyle
Colum EastwoodFoyle
Claire HannaBelfast South
Dolores KellyUpper Bann
Daniel McCrossanWest Tyrone
Patsy McGloneMid Ulster
Karen McKevittSouth Down
Fearghal McKinneyBelfast South
Alban MaginnessBelfast North
Seán RogersSouth Down
Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (8)Judith CochraneBelfast East
Stewart DicksonEast Antrim
Stephen FarryNorth Down
David FordSouth Antrim
Anna LoBelfast South
Trevor LunnLagan Valley
Chris LyttleBelfast East
Kieran McCarthyStrangford
Green Party in Northern Ireland (1)Steven AgnewNorth Down
Traditional Unionist Voice (1)Jim AllisterNorth Antrim
Independent (2)John McCallisterSouth Down
Claire SugdenEast Londonderry
NI21 (1)Basil McCreaLagan Valley
UKIP (1)David McNarryStrangford
Speaker (1)Mitchel McLaughlinSouth Antrim

† Co-opted to replace an elected MLA

‡ Changed affiliation during the term

MLAs by constituency

The list is given in alphabetical order by constituency.

Members of the 4th Northern Ireland Assembly
ConstituencyNameParty
Belfast EastAndy Allen
Judith Cochrane
Sammy Douglas
Chris Lyttle
Robin Newton
Peter Robinson
Belfast NorthPaula Bradley
William Humphrey
Gerry Kelly
Nelson McCausland
Alban Maginness
Carál Ní Chuilín
Belfast SouthClaire Hanna
Anna Lo
Michael McGimpsey
Fearghal McKinney
Máirtín Ó Muilleoir
Emma Pengelly
Belfast WestAlex Attwood
Fra McCann
Jennifer McCann
Alex Maskey
Paul Maskey
Pat Sheehan
East AntrimRoy Beggs, Jr.
Stewart Dickson
David Hilditch
Gordon Lyons
Oliver McMullan
Alastair Ross
East LondonderryGregory Campbell
John Dallat
Adrian McQuillan
Cathal Ó hOisín
George Robinson
Claire Sugden
Fermanagh and South TyroneTom Elliott
Phil Flanagan
Arlene Foster
Bronwyn McGahan
Seán Lynch
Maurice Morrow
FoyleMark H. Durkan
Colum Eastwood
Gary Middleton ††
Raymond McCartney
Maeve McLaughlin
Pat Ramsey
Lagan ValleyJonathan Craig
Paul Givan
Brenda Hale
Trevor Lunn
Basil McCrea
Edwin Poots
Mid UlsterIan McCrea
Patsy McGlone
Martin McGuinness
Ian Milne
Michelle O'Neill
Sandra Overend
Newry and ArmaghCathal Boylan
Dominic Bradley
Megan Fearon
William Irwin
Danny Kennedy
Conor Murphy ††
North AntrimJim Allister
Paul Frew
David McIlveen
Daithí McKay
Mervyn Storey
Robin Swann
North DownSteven Agnew
Leslie Cree
Gordon Dunne
Alex Easton
Stephen Farry
Peter WeirDemocratic Unionist Party
South AntrimTrevor Clarke
David Ford
Paul Girvan
Adrian Cochrane-Watson
Pam Lewis
Mitchel McLaughlinSpeaker
South DownChris Hazzard
John McCallister
Karen McKevitt
Seán Rogers
Caitríona Ruane
Jim WellsDemocratic Unionist Party
StrangfordJonathan Bell
Simon Hamilton
Kieran McCarthy
Michelle McIlveen
David McNarry
Mike NesbittUlster Unionist Party
Upper BannSydney Anderson
Jo-Anne Dobson
Sam Gardiner
Dolores Kelly
Stephen Moutray
John O'DowdSinn Féin
West TyroneMichaela Boyle
Thomas Buchanan
Ross Hussey
Declan McAleer
Daniel McCrossan
Barry McElduffSinn Féin
† Co-opted to replace an elected MLA‡ Changed affiliation during the term

New members elected in May 2011

Twenty-five members of the third Assembly who were sitting at its dissolution on 24 March 2011 were succeeded by new members after the election of 5 May 2011. Seventeen sitting members did not present themselves for re-election and another eight were defeated at the polls. One re-elected member had been elected with a different affiliation in 2007.

The numbers indicate the percentage of votes each member received in the first round of counting under the Single Transferable Vote in the 2011 election, and the round which decided his or her election or defeat.[3] [4]

This is a sortable table arranged alphabetically by the new member's surname. In some constituencies (Foyle, West Tyrone and Fermanagh & South Tyrone) where it is not possible to couple a single outgoing member by party with a single successor, the incoming members are arranged alphabetically (so the second one may be out of alphabetic order with the rest of the table) and the outgoing members are arranged arbitrarily.

Outgoing member(s)Party1st
pref
Round
Constituency
New Member(s)
Party1st
pref
Round
(retiring)Green Party in N. IrelandNorth DownGreen7.9%11
SDLP9.1%9North AntrimTrad. U. Voice10.1%9
(retiring)Sinn FéinWest TyroneSinn Féin12.9% 4
Ulster Unionist8.2%7Belfast NorthDUP10.4%6

(retiring)
Democratic Unionist
Independent
10.3%
0
West Tyrone
SDLP
UUP
8.5%
10.4%
5
Ind. (elected as Prog. U.)5.3% 11 Belfast EastAlliance13.4%7
(retiring)
Lord Empey
Ulster UnionistBelfast EastUUP6.8%11
(retiring)AllianceEast AntrimAlliance10.0%9
(retiring)Ulster UnionistUpper BannUUP7.9%7
(retiring)
Baron Browne of Belmont
Democratic UnionistBelfast EastDUP8.3%11
Ind. (elected as UUP)6.7% 9 North DownDUP13.3%2

[replaced [[Mark Durkan]], MP]
Mary Bradley (retiring)
SDLP6.8%
4
Foyle
Colum Eastwood
SDLP12.8%
7.6%
4
7
SDLP
9.6%6Fermanagh &
South Tyrone
Sinn Féin10.6%6
(retiring)Ind. (elected as SF)Fermanagh &
South Tyrone
Sinn Féin10.7%6
(retiring)Sinn FéinLagan ValleyDUP8.2%7
SDLP10.6%0South AntrimDUP8.9%4
, PC (retiring)
Lord Bannside
Democratic UnionistNorth AntrimDUP8.1%8
(retiring)SDLPSouth DownSDLP9.0%9
(retiring)Ulster UnionistEast AntrimSinn Féin 8.2%10
(retiring)
[replaced [[Jim Shannon]]]
Democratic UnionistStrangfordUUP11.0%6
(retiring)
[replaced [[Francie Brolly]]]
Sinn Féin (suspended)East LondonderrySinn Féin13.5%6
(retiring)Ulster UnionistMid UlsterUUP10.3%6
(retiring)Ulster UnionistNorth AntrimUUP6.2% 9

Member returning with a different affiliation

David McClarty, originally elected from East Londonderry as an Ulster Unionist, although not re-nominated by the UUP in 2011, stood successfully for re-election as an independent. This reduced the UUP's strength from 2007, while keeping independent strength in the Assembly at one (as Kieran Deeny, the retiring independent member, was not succeeded in West Tyrone by another independent). McClarty decided not to re-join the UUP after his re-election.[5] [6]

Changes since the election

† Co-options

Date co-optedConstituencyPartyOutgoingCo-opteeReason
1 April 2012South DownMargaret RitchieSeán RogersMargaret Ritchie resigned to concentrate on her role as a Member of Parliament.[7]
13 April 2012South DownWillie ClarkeChris HazzardWillie Clarke resigned to concentrate on his role as a Down District Councillor.
14 June 2012FoyleMartina AndersonMaeve McLaughlinMartina Anderson resigned after becoming a member of the European Parliament.[8]
7 July 2012Newry and ArmaghConor MurphyMegan FearonConor Murphy resigned to concentrate on his role as a Member of Parliament.[9]
7 July 2012West TyronePat DohertyDeclan McAleerPat Doherty resigned to concentrate on his role as a Member of Parliament.
7 July 2012Belfast WestPaul MaskeyRosie McCorleyPaul Maskey resigned to concentrate on his role as a Member of Parliament.
7 July 2012Fermanagh and South TyroneMichelle GildernewBronwyn McGahanMichelle Gildernew resigned to concentrate on his role as a Member of Parliament.
8 April 2013Mid UlsterFrancie MolloyIan MilneFrancie Molloy resigned to concentrate on his role as a Member of Parliament.[10]
12 September 2013Belfast SouthConall McDevittFearghal McKinneyConall McDevitt resigned.[11]
6 May 2014East LondonderryDavid McClartyClaire SugdenDavid McClarty died.[12]
20 October 2014FoyleWilliam HayMaurice DevenneyWilliam Hay resigned.[13]
22 October 2014Belfast SouthAlex MaskeyMáirtín Ó MuilleoirAlex Maskey resigned in order to be transferred to Belfast West.[14]
3 November 2014Belfast WestSue RamseyAlex MaskeySue Ramsey resigned.
13 April 2015FoyleMaurice DevenneyGary MiddletonMaurice Devenney resigned.[15]
8 June 2015Newry and ArmaghMickey BradyConor MurphyMickey Brady was elected as Member of Parliament for Newry and Armagh in the 2015 general election.[16]
29 June 2015South AntrimDanny KinahanAdrian Cochrane-WatsonDanny Kinahan was elected as Member of Parliament for South Antrim in the 2015 general election.[17]
29 June 2015Fermanagh and South TyroneTom ElliottNeil SomervilleTom Elliott was elected as Member of Parliament for Fermanagh and South Tyrone in the 2015 general election.[18]
29 June 2015Belfast SouthAlasdair McDonnellClaire HannaAlasdair McDonnell resigned to concentrate on his role as a Member of Parliament.[19]
19 August 2015East AntrimSammy WilsonGordon LyonsSammy Wilson resigned to concentrate on his role as a Member of Parliament.
15 September 2015Belfast EastMichael CopelandAndy AllenMichael Copeland resigned.
28 September 2015Belfast SouthJimmy SprattEmma PengellyJimmy Spratt resigned.
7 January 2016FoylePat RamseyGerard DiverPat Ramsey resigned.[20]
7 January 2016West TyroneJoe ByrneDaniel McCrossanJoe Byrne resigned.[21]
27 January 2016Fermanagh and South TyroneNeil SomervilleAlastair PattersonNeil Somerville resigned.

‡ Changes in affiliation

DateConstituencyNamePrevious affiliationNew affiliationCircumstance
12 May 2011FoyleWilliam HayWilliam Hay elected Speaker of the Assembly at its first sitting.
27 January 2012StrangfordDavid McNarryDavid McNarry suspended from the UUP for nine months after an investigation by the party.
4 October 2012StrangfordDavid McNarryDavid McNarry joined UKIP becoming the party's first Northern Ireland MLA.
14 February 2013South DownJohn McCallisterJohn McCallister resigned from the UUP after it formed an electoral pact with the DUP.
15 February 2013Lagan ValleyBasil McCreaBasil McCrea resigned from the UUP after it formed an electoral pact with the DUP.
6 June 2013South DownJohn McCallisterJohn McCallister along with McCrea established a new political party.
6 June 2013Lagan ValleyBasil McCreaBasil McCrea along with McCallister established a new political party.
3 July 2014South DownJohn McCallisterJohn McCallister resigns from NI21 over differences with the party leadership regarding an investigation into sexual wrongdoing by party leader, Basil McCrea.[22]
12 January 2015South AntrimMitchel McLaughlinMitchel McLaughlin elected Speaker of the Assembly following the retirement of William Hay.

See also

References

  1. Web site: Electoral Office 2011 results page . Eoni.org.uk . 2010-11-09 . 2011-05-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110511190735/http://www.eoni.org.uk/index/elections/elections-2011/ni-assembly-election-2011-results.htm . 11 May 2011 . dead .
  2. http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/northern-ireland/new-durkan-aims-for-leaders-seat-14976828.html New Durkan aims for leader's seat
  3. http://www.u.tv/election2011/results.aspx NI Assembly: Latest 2011 Election results
  4. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/election2011/constituency/html/northern_ireland.stm Full Northern Ireland Results
  5. http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/politics/election-2011/mcclarty-withdraw-sinn-fein-lsquoscumrsquo-remark-or-itrsquos-no-deal-tom-15154182.html "McClarty: withdraw Sinn Fein 'scum' remark or it's no deal, Tom"
  6. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-13365324 "David McClarty says he will remain an independent MLA"
  7. Web site: Monday 16 April 2012 - Northern Ireland Assembly . 2012-10-07 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120831091949/http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/Assembly-Business/Minutes-of-Proceedings/Monday-16-April-2012/ . 31 August 2012 . dmy-all .
  8. News: Maeve McLaughlin sworn in as new Sinn Fein MLA for Foyle. BBC News. 18 June 2012. 11 May 2021. 12 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210512134407/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-18491984. live.
  9. Web site: Monday 02 July 2012 - Northern Ireland Assembly . 2012-10-07 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120831091835/http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/Assembly-Business/Minutes-of-Proceedings/Monday-02-July-2012/ . 31 August 2012 . dmy-all .
  10. Web site: MLA Details: Mr Ian Milne . Aims.niassembly.gov.uk . 2021-05-11 . 20 March 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140320130933/http://aims.niassembly.gov.uk/mlas/details.aspx?&aff=7279&per=3083&sel=5&ind=&prv=0 . live .
  11. News: Fearghal McKinney chosen as MLA to replace SDLP's Conall McDevitt. BBC News. 12 September 2013. 11 May 2021. 11 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210511222104/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-24071332. live.
  12. News: Claire Sugden to replace David McClarty as MLA. BBC News. 29 April 2014. 11 May 2021. 11 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210511220607/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-27204657. live.
  13. News: Londonderry DUP councillor Maurice Devenney to replace Hay as MLA. BBC News. 20 October 2014. 11 May 2021. 11 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210511220609/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-29686080. live.
  14. News: Moving seats: Are MLA replacement rules being exploited?. BBC News. 2 November 2014. 11 May 2021. 11 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210511222103/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-29866718. live.
  15. Web site: Gary Middleton pays tribute to DUP colleagues. www.londonderrysentinel.co.uk. 11 May 2021. 11 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210511220606/https://www.londonderrysentinel.co.uk/news/politics/gary-middleton-pays-tribute-dup-colleagues-2590106. live.
  16. News: Sinn Fein's Conor Murphy back in Assembly. Belfasttelegraph. www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk. 11 May 2021. 12 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210512061604/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/politics/sinn-feins-conor-murphy-back-in-assembly-31287598.html. live.
  17. Web site: Watson new South Antrim MLA - Antrim Times . 24 June 2015 . 26 June 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150626145143/http://www.antrimtimes.co.uk/news/local-news/watson-new-south-antrim-mla-1-6814846 . dead .
  18. Web site: UUP announces Neil Somerville as Tom Elliott's Assembly replacement. Impartial Reporter. 11 May 2021. 1 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170701235759/http://www.impartialreporter.com/news/13870813.UUP_announces_Neil_Somerville_as_Tom_Elliott_s_Assembly_replacement/. live.
  19. Web site: Belfast City Councillor Claire Hanna chosen to take up SDLP leader Alasdair McDonnell's seat in Assembly. Sarah. Scott. 25 June 2015. BelfastLive. 25 June 2015. 26 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150626115806/http://www.belfastlive.co.uk/news/belfast-news/belfast-city-councillor-claire-hanna-9528672. live.
  20. News: SDLP MLA Pat Ramsey to quit politics on health grounds. Belfasttelegraph. www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk. 11 May 2021. 11 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210511220601/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/politics/sdlp-mla-pat-ramsey-to-quit-politics-on-health-grounds-34257599.html. live.
  21. Web site: SDLP selects Daniel McCrossan as new West Tyrone MLA. The Irish News. 9 January 2016. 29 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160129002732/http://www.irishnews.com/news/2015/12/18/news/sdlp-selects-daniel-mccrossan-as-new-west-tyrone-mla-357622/. live.
  22. News: John McCallister confirms NI21 exit. BBC News. 3 July 2014. 11 May 2021. 21 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180721070939/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-28128655. live.