July 4 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 362 BC  - Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans.
• 414  - Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaimed herself empress (Augusta) of the Eastern Roman Empire.
• 836  - Pactum Sicardi, a peace treaty between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples, is signed.
• 993  - Ulrich of Augsburg is canonized as a saint.
• 1054  - A supernova, called SN 1054, is seen by Chinese Song dynasty, Arab, and possibly Amerindian observers near the star Zeta Tauri. For several months it remains bright enough to be seen during the day. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula.
• 1120  - Jordan II of Capua is anointed as prince after his infant nephew's death.
• 1187  - The Crusades: Battle of Hattin: Saladin defeats Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem.
• 1253  - Battle of West-Capelle: John I of Avesnes defeats Guy of Dampierre.
• 1333  - Genkō War: Forces loyal to Emperor Go-Daigo seize Tōshō-ji during the Siege of Kamakura. Hōjō Takatoki and other members of the Hōjō clan commit suicide, ending the rule of the Kamakura shogunate.^[1]
• 1359  - Francesco II Ordelaffi of Forlì surrenders to the Papal commander Gil de Albornoz.
• 1456  - Ottoman–Hungarian wars: The Siege of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade) begins.
• 1534  - Christian III is elected King of Denmark and Norway in the town of Rye.
• 1584  - Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe arrive at Roanoke Island.

1601–1900

• 1610  - The Battle of Klushino is fought between forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia during the Polish–Russian War.
• 1634  - The city of Trois-Rivières is founded in New France (now Quebec, Canada).
• 1744  - The Treaty of Lancaster, in which the Iroquois cede lands between the Allegheny Mountains and the Ohio River to the British colonies, was signed in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
• 1774  - Orangetown Resolutions are adopted in the Province of New York, one of many protests against the British Parliament's Coercive Acts.
• 1776  - American Revolution: The United States Declaration of Independence is adopted by the Second Continental Congress.
• 1778  - American Revolutionary War: U.S. forces under George Clark capture Kaskaskia during the Illinois campaign.
• 1802  - The United States Military Academy opens at West Point, New York.
• 1803  - The Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people.
• 1817  - In Rome, New York, construction on the Erie Canal begins.
• 1818  - US Flag Act of 1818 goes into effect creating a 13 stripe flag with a star for each state. New stars would be added on July 4 after a new state had been admitted.^[2]
• 1827  - Slavery is abolished in the State of New York.
• 1831  - Samuel Francis Smith writes "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" for the Boston, Massachusetts July 4 festivities.
• 1832  - John Neal delivers the first public lecture in the US to advocate the rights of women.^{[3] [4]}
• 1832  - Durham University established by Act of Parliament; the first recognized university to be founded in England since Cambridge over 600 years earlier.^[5]
• 1837  - Grand Junction Railway, the world's first long-distance railway, opens between Birmingham and Liverpool.
• 1838  - The Iowa Territory is organized.
• 1845  - Henry David Thoreau moves into a small cabin on Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts. Thoreau's account of his two years there, Walden, will become a touchstone of the environmental movement.
• 1855  - The first edition of Walt Whitman's book of poems, Leaves of Grass, is published in Brooklyn.
• 1862  - Lewis Carroll tells Alice Liddell a story that would grow into Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequels.
• 1863  - American Civil War: Siege of Vicksburg: The Confederate army in Vicksburg, Mississippi surrenders to Union forces under Ulysses S. Grant after 47 days of siege, contributing to the Union capture of the Mississippi River.^[6]
• 1863  - American Civil War: Union forces repulse a Confederate army at the Battle of Helena in Arkansas. The battle thwarts a Rebel attempt to relieve pressure on the besieged city of Vicksburg, and paves the way for the Union capture of Little Rock.^[7]
• 1863  - American Civil War: Retreat from Gettysburg: The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee withdraws from the battlefield after losing the Battle of Gettysburg, signaling an end to his last invasion of the North.^[8]
• 1879  - Anglo-Zulu War: The Zululand capital of Ulundi is captured by British troops and burned to the ground, ending the war and forcing King Cetshwayo to flee.
• 1881  - In Alabama, the Tuskegee Institute opens.
• 1886  - The Canadian Pacific Railway's first scheduled train from Montreal arrives in Port Moody on the Pacific coast, after six days of travel.
• 1887  - The founder of Pakistan, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, joins Sindh-Madrasa-tul-Islam, Karachi.
• 1892  - Western Samoa changes the International Date Line, causing Monday (July 4) to occur twice, resulting in a leap year with 367 days.
• 1894  - The short-lived Republic of Hawaii is proclaimed by Sanford B. Dole.
• 1898  - En route from New York to Le Havre, the SS La Bourgogne collides with another ship and sinks off the coast of Sable Island, with the loss of 549 lives.

1901–present

• 1901  - William Howard Taft becomes American governor of the Philippines.
• 1903  - The Philippine–American War is officially concluded.
• 1910  - The Johnson–Jeffries riots occur after African-American boxer Jack Johnson knocks out white boxer Jim Jeffries in the 15th round. Between 11 and 26 people are killed and hundreds more injured.
• 1911  - A massive heat wave strikes the northeastern United States, killing 380 people in eleven days and breaking temperature records in several cities.
• 1913  - President Woodrow Wilson addresses American Civil War veterans at the Great Reunion of 1913.
• 1914  - The funeral of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie takes place in Vienna, six days after their assassinations in Sarajevo.
• 1918  - Mehmed V died at the age of 73 and Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI ascends to the throne.
• 1918  - World War I: The Battle of Hamel, a successful attack by the Australian Corps against German positions near the town of Le Hamel on the Western Front.
• 1927  - First flight of the Lockheed Vega.
• 1939  - Lou Gehrig, recently diagnosed with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, informs a crowd at Yankee Stadium that he considers himself "The luckiest man on the face of the earth", then announces his retirement from major league baseball.
• 1941  - Nazi crimes against the Polish nation: Nazi troops massacre Polish scientists and writers in the captured Ukrainian city of Lviv.
• 1941  - World War II: The Burning of the Riga synagogues: The Great Choral Synagogue in German-occupied Riga is burnt with 300 Jews locked in the basement.
• 1942  - World War II: The 250-day Siege of Sevastopol in the Crimea ends when the city falls to Axis forces.
• 1943  - World War II: The Battle of Kursk, the largest full-scale battle in history and the world's largest tank battle, begins in the village of Prokhorovka.
• 1943  - World War II: In Gibraltar, a Royal Air Force B-24 Liberator bomber crashes into the sea in an apparent accident moments after takeoff, killing sixteen passengers on board, including general Władysław Sikorski, the commander-in-chief of the Polish Army and the Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile; only the pilot survives.
• 1946  - The Kielce pogrom against Jewish Holocaust survivors in Poland.
• 1946  - After 381 years of near-continuous colonial rule by various powers, the Philippines attains full independence from the United States.
• 1947  - The "Indian Independence Bill" is presented before the British House of Commons, proposing the independence of the Provinces of British India into two sovereign countries: India and Pakistan.
• 1950  - Cold War: Radio Free Europe first broadcasts.
• 1951  - Cold War: A court in Czechoslovakia sentences American journalist William N. Oatis to ten years in prison on charges of espionage.
• 1951  - William Shockley announces the invention of the junction transistor.
• 1954  - Food rationing in Great Britain ends, with the lifting of restrictions on sale and purchase of meat, 14 years after it began early in World War II, and nearly a decade after the war's end.
• 1960  - Due to the post-Independence Day admission of Hawaii as the 50th U.S. state on August 21, 1959, the 50-star flag of the United States debuts in Philadelphia, almost ten and a half months later (see Flag Acts (United States)).
• 1961  - On its maiden voyage, the Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-19 suffers a complete loss of coolant to its reactor. The crew are able to effect repairs, but 22 of them die of radiation poisoning over the following two years.
• 1966  - U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Freedom of Information Act into United States law. The act went into effect the next year.
• 1976  - Israeli commandos raid Entebbe airport in Uganda, rescuing all but four of the passengers and crew of an Air France jetliner seized by Palestinian terrorists.
• 1977  - The George Jackson Brigade plants a bomb at the main power substation for the Washington state capitol in Olympia, in solidarity with a prison strike at the Walla Walla State Penitentiary Intensive Security Unit.
• 1982  - Three Iranian diplomats and a journalist are kidnapped in Lebanon by Phalange forces, and their fate remains unknown.
• 1982  - Space Shuttle program: Columbia lands at Edwards Air Force Base at the end of the program's final test flight, STS-4. President Ronald Reagan declares the Space Shuttle to be operational.^[9]
• 1994  - Rwandan genocide: Kigali, the Rwandan capital, is captured by the Rwandan Patriotic Front, ending the genocide in the city.
• 1997  - NASA's Pathfinder space probe lands on the surface of Mars.
• 1998  - Japan launches the Nozomi probe to Mars, joining the United States and Russia as a space exploring nation.
• 2001  - Vladivostok Air Flight 352 crashes on approach to Irkutsk Airport killing all 145 people on board.^[10]
• 2002  - A Boeing 707 crashes near Bangui M'Poko International Airport in Bangui, Central African Republic, killing 28.^[11]
• 2004  - The cornerstone of the Freedom Tower is laid on the World Trade Center site in New York City.
• 2004  - Greece beats Portugal in the UEFA Euro 2004 Final and becomes European Champion for first time in its history.
• 2005  - The Deep Impact collider hits the comet Tempel 1.
• 2006  - Space Shuttle program: Discovery launches STS-121 to the International Space Station. The event gained wide media attention as it was the only shuttle launch in the program's history to occur on the United States' Independence Day.^[12]
• 2008  - A bomb explodes at a concert in Minsk's Independence Square, injuring 50 people.^[13]
• 2009  - The Statue of Liberty's crown reopens to the public after eight years of closure due to security concerns following the September 11 attacks.
• 2009  - The first of four days of bombings begins on the southern Philippine island group of Mindanao.
• 2012  - The discovery of particles consistent with the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider is announced at CERN.
• 2015  - Chile claims its first title in international football by defeating Argentina in the 2015 Copa América Final.
• 2024  - The Labour Party, led by Keir Starmer, wins a landslide majority in the 2024 United Kingdom general election, ending 14 years of Conservative government.^[14]

Births

Pre-1600

• 68  - Salonia Matidia, Roman daughter of Ulpia Marciana (d. 119)
• 1095  - Usama ibn Munqidh, Muslim poet, author and faris (Knight) (d. 1188)^[15]
• 1330  - Ashikaga Yoshiakira, Japanese shōgun (d. 1367)
• 1477  - Johannes Aventinus, Bavarian historian and philologist (d. 1534)
• 1546  - Murad III, Ottoman sultan (d. 1595)

1601–1900

• 1656  - John Leake, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1720)
• 1694  - Louis-Claude Daquin, French organist and composer (d. 1772)
• 1715  - Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, German poet and academic (d. 1769)
• 1719  - Michel-Jean Sedaine, French playwright (d. 1797)
• 1729  - George Leonard, American lawyer, jurist and politician (d. 1819)
• 1753  - Jean-Pierre Blanchard, French inventor, best known as a pioneer in balloon flight (d. 1809)
• 1790  - George Everest, Welsh geographer and surveyor (d. 1866)
• 1799  - Oscar I of Sweden (d. 1859)^[16]
• 1804  - Nathaniel Hawthorne, American novelist and short story writer (d. 1864)
• 1807  - Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian general and politician (d. 1882)
• 1816  - Hiram Walker, American businessman, founded Canadian Club whisky (d. 1899)
• 1826  - Stephen Foster, American songwriter and composer (d. 1864)
• 1842  - Hermann Cohen, German philosopher (d. 1918)
• 1845  - Thomas John Barnardo, Irish philanthropist and humanitarian (d. 1905)
• 1847  - James Anthony Bailey, American circus ringmaster, co-founded Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus (d. 1906)
• 1854  - Victor Babeș, Romanian physician and biologist (d. 1926)
• 1868  - Henrietta Swan Leavitt, American astronomer and academic (d. 1921)^[17]
• 1886  - Tom Longboat, Canadian runner and soldier (d. 1949)^[18]
• 1871  - Hubert Cecil Booth, English engineer (d. 1955)^[19]
• 1872  - Calvin Coolidge, American lawyer and politician, 30th President of the United States (d. 1933)
• 1874  - John McPhee, Australian journalist and politician, 27th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1952)
• 1880  - Victor Kraft, Austrian philosopher from the Vienna Circle (d. 1975)
• 1881  - Ulysses S. Grant III, American general (d. 1968)
• 1883  - Rube Goldberg, American sculptor, cartoonist, and engineer (d. 1970)
• 1887  - Pio Pion, Italian engineer and businessman (d. 1965)
• 1888  - Henry Armetta, Italian-American actor and singer (d. 1945)
• 1895  - Irving Caesar, American songwriter and composer (d. 1996)
• 1896  - Mao Dun, Chinese journalist, author, and critic (d. 1981)
• 1897  - Alluri Sitarama Raju, Indian activist (d. 1924)
• 1898  - Pilar Barbosa, Puerto Rican-American historian and activist (d. 1997)
• 1898  - Gertrude Lawrence, British actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1952)
• 1898  - Gulzarilal Nanda, Indian politician (d. 1998)
• 1898  - Gertrude Weaver, American supercentenarian (d. 2015)
• 1900  - Belinda Dann, Indigenous Australian who was one of the Stolen Generation, reunited with family aged 107 (d. 2007)
• 1900  - Nellie Mae Rowe, American folk artist (d. 1982)

1901–present

• 1902  - Meyer Lansky, American gangster (d. 1983)
• 1902  - George Murphy, American actor and politician (d. 1992)
• 1903  - Flor Peeters, Belgian organist, composer, and educator (d. 1986)
• 1904  - Angela Baddeley, English actress (d. 1976)
• 1905  - Irving Johnson, American sailor and author (d. 1991)
• 1905  - Robert Hankey, 2nd Baron Hankey, British diplomat and public servant (d. 1996)
• 1905  - Lionel Trilling, American critic, essayist, short story writer, and educator (d. 1975)
• 1906  - Vincent Schaefer, American chemist and meteorologist (d. 1993)
• 1907  - John Anderson, American discus thrower (d. 1948)
• 1907  - Howard Taubman, American author and critic (d. 1996)
• 1909  - Alec Templeton, Welsh composer, pianist and satirist (d. 1963)
• 1910  - Robert K. Merton, American sociologist and scholar (d. 2003)
• 1910  - Gloria Stuart, American actress (d. 2010)
• 1911  - Bruce Hamilton, Australian public servant (d. 1989)
• 1911  - Mitch Miller, American singer and producer (d. 2010)
• 1911  - Elizabeth Peratrovich, Alaskan-American civil rights activist (d. 1958)^[20]
• 1914  - Nuccio Bertone, Italian automobile designer (d. 1997)
• 1915  - Timmie Rogers, American actor and singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
• 1916  - Iva Toguri D'Aquino, American typist and broadcaster (d. 2006)
• 1918  - Eppie Lederer, American journalist and radio host (d. 2002)
• 1918  - Johnnie Parsons, American race car driver (d. 1984)
• 1918  - King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV of Tonga, (d. 2006)
• 1918  - Alec Bedser, English cricketer (d. 2010)
• 1918  - Eric Bedser, English cricketer (d. 2006)
• 1918  - Pauline Phillips, American journalist and radio host, created Dear Abby (d. 2013)
• 1920  - Norm Drucker, American basketball player and referee (d. 2015)
• 1920  - Leona Helmsley, American businesswoman (d. 2007)
• 1920  - Fritz Wilde, German footballer and manager (d. 1977)
• 1920  - Paul Bannai, American politician (d. 2019)
• 1921  - Gérard Debreu, French economist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
• 1921  - Nasser Sharifi, Iranian sports shooter
• 1921  - Metropolitan Mikhail of Asyut (d. 2014)
• 1921  - Philip Rose, American actor, playwright, and producer (d. 2011)
• 1921  - Tibor Varga, Hungarian violinist and conductor (d. 2003)
• 1922  - R. James Harvey, American politician (d. 2019)
• 1923  - Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
• 1924  - Eva Marie Saint, American actress
• 1924  - Delia Fiallo, Cuban author and screenwriter (d. 2021)
• 1924  - Harry Stewart Jr., American military officer and fighter pilot
• 1925  - Ciril Zlobec, Slovene poet, writer, translator, journalist and politician (d. 2018^[21])
• 1925  - Dorothy Head Knode, American tennis player^[22] (d. 2015)
• 1926  - Alfredo Di Stéfano, Argentinian-Spanish footballer and coach (d. 2014)
• 1926  - Lake Underwood, American race car driver and businessman (d. 2008)
• 1927  - Gina Lollobrigida, Italian actress and photographer (d. 2023)^[23]
• 1927  - Neil Simon, American playwright and screenwriter (d. 2018)^[24]
• 1928  - Giampiero Boniperti, Italian footballer and politician (d. 2021)
• 1928  - Teofisto Guingona Jr., Filipino politician; 11th Vice President of the Philippines
• 1928  - Jassem Alwan, Syrian Army Officer (d. 2018)
• 1928  - Shan Ratnam, Sri Lankan physician and academic (d. 2001)
• 1928  - Chuck Tanner, American baseball player and manager (d. 2011)
• 1929  - Al Davis, American football player, coach, and manager (d. 2011)
• 1929  - Bill Tuttle, American baseball player (d. 1998)
• 1930  - George Steinbrenner, American businessman (d. 2010)
• 1931  - Stephen Boyd, Northern Ireland-born American actor (d. 1977)
• 1931  - Rick Casares, American football player and soldier (d. 2013)
• 1931  - Sébastien Japrisot, French author, director, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
• 1931  - Peter Richardson, English cricketer (d. 2017)
• 1932  - Aurèle Vandendriessche, Belgian runner (d. 2023)
• 1934  - Yvonne B. Miller, American academic and politician (d. 2012)
• 1934  - Colin Welland, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2015)
• 1935  - Paul Scoon, Grenadian politician, 2nd Governor-General of Grenada (d. 2013)
• 1936  - Zdzisława Donat, Polish soprano and actress
• 1937  - Thomas Nagel, American philosopher and academic
• 1937  - Queen Sonja of Norway
• 1937  - Richard Rhodes, American journalist and historian
• 1937  - Eric Walters, Australian journalist (d. 2010)
• 1938  - Steven Rose, English biologist and academic
• 1938  - Bill Withers, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2020)
• 1940  - Pat Stapleton, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2020)
• 1941  - Sam Farr, American politician
• 1941  - Tomaž Šalamun, Croatian-Slovenian poet and academic (d. 2014)
• 1941  - Pavel Sedláček, Czech singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1941  - Brian Willson, American soldier, lawyer, and activist
• 1942  - Hal Lanier, American baseball player, coach, and manager
• 1942  - Floyd Little, American football player and coach (d. 2021)^[25]
• 1942  - Stefan Meller, French-Polish academic and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2008)
• 1942  - Prince Michael of Kent
• 1942  - Peter Rowan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1943  - Conny Bauer, German trombonist
• 1943  - Emerson Boozer, American football player and sportscaster
• 1943  - Adam Hart-Davis, English historian, author, and photographer
• 1943  - Geraldo Rivera, American lawyer, journalist, and author^[26]
• 1943  - Fred Wesley, American jazz and funk trombonist^[27]
• 1943  - Alan Wilson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1970)
• 1945  - Andre Spitzer, Romanian-Israeli fencer and coach (d. 1972)
• 1946  - Ron Kovic, American author and activist
• 1946  - Michael Milken, American businessman and philanthropist
• 1947  - Lembit Ulfsak, Estonian actor and director (d. 2017)
• 1948  - René Arnoux, French race car driver
• 1948  - Tommy Körberg, Swedish singer and actor
• 1948  - Jeremy Spencer, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1950  - Philip Craven, English basketball player and swimmer
• 1950  - David Jensen, Canadian-English radio and television host
• 1951  - John Alexander, Australian tennis player and politician
• 1951  - Ralph Johnson, American R&B drummer and percussionist
• 1951  - Vladimir Tismăneanu, Romanian-American political scientist, sociologist, and academic
• 1951  - Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, American lawyer and politician, 6th Lieutenant Governor of Maryland
• 1952  - Álvaro Uribe, Colombian lawyer and politician, 39th President of Colombia
• 1952  - Carol MacReady, English actress
• 1952  - John Waite, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1952  - Paul Rogat Loeb, American author and activist
• 1953  - Francis Maude, English lawyer and politician, Minister for the Cabinet Office
• 1954  - Jim Beattie, American baseball player, coach, and manager
• 1954  - Morganna, American model, actress, and dancer
• 1954  - Devendra Kumar Joshi, 21st Chief of Naval Staff of the Indian Navy
• 1955  - Eero Heinäluoma, Finnish politician^[28]
• 1955  - Kevin Nichols, Australian cyclist
• 1956  - Robert Sinclair MacKay, British academic and educator
• 1957  - Rein Lang, Estonian politician and diplomat, 25th Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1958  - Vera Leth, Greenlandic Ombudsman
• 1958  - Kirk Pengilly, Australian guitarist, saxophonist, and songwriter
• 1958  - Carl Valentine, Canadian soccer player, coach, and manager
• 1959  - Victoria Abril, Spanish actress and singer
• 1960  - Roland Ratzenberger, Austrian race car driver (d. 1994)
• 1961  - Richard Garriott, English-American video game designer, created the Ultima series
• 1962  - Pam Shriver, American tennis player and sportscaster
• 1963  - Henri Leconte, French tennis player and sportscaster
• 1963  - Laureano Márquez, Spanish-Venezuelan political scientist and journalist
• 1963  - José Oquendo, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach
• 1963  - Sonia Pierre, Haitian-Dominican human rights activist (d. 2011)^[29]
• 1964  - Cle Kooiman, American soccer player and manager
• 1964  - Elie Saab, Lebanese fashion designer
• 1964  - Edi Rama, Albanian politician
• 1964  - Mark Slaughter, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1964  - Mark Whiting, American actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1965  - Harvey Grant, American basketball player and coach
• 1965  - Horace Grant, American basketball player and coach
• 1965  - Kiriakos Karataidis, Greek footballer and manager
• 1965  - Gérard Watkins, English actor and playwright
• 1966  - Ronni Ancona, Scottish actress and screenwriter
• 1966  - Minas Hantzidis, German-Greek footballer
• 1966  - Lee Reherman, American actor (d. 2016)
• 1967  - Vinny Castilla, Mexican baseball player and manager
• 1967  - Sébastien Deleigne, French athlete
• 1969  - Al Golden, American football player and coach
• 1969  - Todd Marinovich, American football player and coach
• 1969  - Wilfred Mugeyi, Zimbabwean footballer and coach
• 1972  - Stephen Giles, Canadian canoe racer and engineer
• 1972  - Mike Knuble, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach
• 1973  - Keiko Ihara, Japanese race car driver
• 1973  - Gackt, Japanese musician, singer, songwriter, record producer and actor
• 1973  - Michael Johnson, English-Jamaican footballer and manager
• 1973  - Anjelika Krylova, Russian ice dancer and coach
• 1973  - Jan Magnussen, Danish race car driver
• 1973  - Tony Popovic, Australian footballer and manager
• 1974  - Jill Craybas, American tennis player
• 1974  - La'Roi Glover, American football player and sportscaster
• 1974  - Adrian Griffin, American basketball player and coach
• 1976  - Daijiro Kato, Japanese motorcycle racer (d. 2003)
• 1976  - Yevgeniya Medvedeva, Russian skier
• 1978  - Marcos Daniel, Brazilian tennis player
• 1978  - Émile Mpenza, Belgian footballer
• 1979  - Siim Kabrits, Estonian politician^[30]
• 1979  - Josh McCown, American football player
• 1979  - Renny Vega, Venezuelan footballer
• 1980  - Kwame Steede, Bermudan footballer
• 1981  - Dedé, Angolan footballer
• 1981  - Brock Berlin, American football player
• 1981  - Christoph Preuß, German footballer
• 1981  - Francisco Cruceta, Dominican baseball player
• 1981  - Will Smith, American football player (d. 2016)
• 1982  - Vladimir Boisa, Georgian basketball player
• 1982  - Vladimir Gusev, Russian cyclist
• 1982  - Jeff Lima, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1982  - Michael "The Situation" Sorrentino, American model, author and television personality^[31]
• 1983  - Melanie Fiona, Canadian singer-songwriter^[32]
• 1983  - Amantle Montsho, Botswanan sprinter
• 1983  - Miguel Pinto, Chilean footballer
• 1983  - Amol Rajan, Indian-English journalist
• 1983  - Mattia Serafini, Italian footballer
• 1984  - Jin Akanishi, Japanese singer-songwriter
• 1984  - Miguel Santos Soares, Timorese footballer
• 1985  - Kane Tenace, Australian footballer
• 1985  - Dimitrios Mavroeidis, Greek basketball player
• 1985  - Wason Rentería, Colombian footballer
• 1986  - Ömer Aşık, Turkish basketball player
• 1986  - Nguyen Ngoc Duy, Vietnamese footballer
• 1986  - Rafael Arévalo, Salvadoran tennis player
• 1986  - Willem Janssen, Dutch footballer
• 1986  - Terrance Knighton, American football player
• 1986  - Marte Elden, Norwegian skier
• 1987  - Wude Ayalew, Ethiopian runner
• 1987  - Guram Kashia, Georgian footballer
• 1988  - Angelique Boyer, French-Mexican actress
• 1989  - Benjamin Büchel, Liechtensteiner footballer
• 1990  - Jake Gardiner, American ice hockey player
• 1990  - Richard Mpong, Ghanaian footballer
• 1990  - Naoki Yamada, Japanese footballer
• 1990  - Ihar Yasinski, Belarusian footballer
• 1992  - Ángel Romero, Paraguayan footballer
• 1992  - Óscar Romero, Paraguayan footballer
• 1993  - Tom Barkhuizen, English footballer
• 1995  - Post Malone, American rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer ^[33]
• 1999  - Moa Kikuchi, Japanese musician ^[34]
• 2003  - Polina Bogusevich, Russian singer^[35]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 673  - Ecgberht, king of Kent^[36]
• 907  - Luitpold, margrave of Bavaria
• 907  - Dietmar I, archbishop of Salzburg
• 910  - Luo Shaowei, Chinese warlord (b. 877)
• 940  - Wang Jianli, Chinese general (b. 871)
• 943  - Taejo of Goryeo, Korean king (b. 877)
• 945  - Zhuo Yanming, Chinese Buddhist monk and emperor
• 965  - Benedict V, pope of the Catholic Church
• 973  - Ulrich of Augsburg, German bishop and saint (b. 890)
• 975  - Gwangjong of Goryeo, Korean king (b. 925)
• 1187  - Raynald of Châtillon, French knight (b. 1125)
• 1307  - Rudolf I of Bohemia (b. 1281)
• 1336  - Saint Elizabeth of Portugal (b. 1271)
• 1429  - Carlo I Tocco, ruler of Epirus (b. 1372)
• 1533  - John Frith, English priest, writer, and martyr (b. 1503)
• 1541  - Pedro de Alvarado, Spanish general and explorer (b. 1495)
• 1546  - Hayreddin Barbarossa, Ottoman admiral (b. 1478)
• 1551  - Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell, English politician (b. 1514)

1601–1900

• 1603  - Philippe de Monte, Flemish composer and educator (b. 1521)
• 1623  - William Byrd, English composer (b. c. 1540)
• 1644  - Brian Twyne, English academic, antiquarian and archivist (b. 1581)
• 1648  - Antoine Daniel, French missionary and saint, one of the eight Canadian Martyrs (b. 1601)
• 1742  - Luigi Guido Grandi, Italian monk, mathematician, and engineer (b. 1671)
• 1754  - Philippe Néricault Destouches, French playwright and author (b. 1680)
• 1761  - Samuel Richardson, English author and painter (b. 1689)
• 1780  - Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine (b. 1712)
• 1787  - Charles, Prince of Soubise, Marshal of France (b. 1715)
• 1821  - Richard Cosway, English painter and academic (b. 1742)
• 1826  - John Adams, American lawyer and politician, 2nd President of the United States (b. 1735)^[37]
• 1826  - Thomas Jefferson, American architect, lawyer, and politician, 3rd President of the United States (b. 1743)
• 1831  - James Monroe, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 5th President of the United States (b. 1758)
• 1848  - François-René de Chateaubriand, French historian and politician (b. 1768)
• 1850  - William Kirby, English entomologist and author (b. 1759)
• 1854  - Karl Friedrich Eichhorn, German academic and jurist (b. 1781)
• 1857  - William L. Marcy, American lawyer, judge, and politician, 21st United States Secretary of State (b. 1786)
• 1881  - Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Finnish philosopher and politician (b. 1806)
• 1882  - Joseph Brackett, American composer and author (b. 1797)
• 1886  - Poundmaker, Canadian tribal chief (b. 1797)
• 1891  - Hannibal Hamlin, American lawyer and politician, 15th Vice President of the United States (b. 1809)

1901–present

• 1901  - Johannes Schmidt, German linguist and academic (b. 1843)
• 1902  - Swami Vivekananda, Indian monk and saint (b. 1863)
• 1905  - Élisée Reclus, French geographer and author (b. 1830)
• 1910  - Melville Fuller, American lawyer and jurist, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1833)^[38]
• 1910  - Kabua the Great, Marshallese iroijlaplap (b.)^[39]
• 1910  - Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer and historian (b. 1835)
• 1916  - Alan Seeger, American soldier and poet (b. 1888)
• 1922  - Lothar von Richthofen, German lieutenant and pilot (b. 1894)
• 1926  - Pier Giorgio Frassati, Italian activist and saint (b. 1901)
• 1934  - Marie Curie, French-Polish physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1867)^[40]
• 1938  - Otto Bauer, Austrian philosopher and politician, Austrian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1881)
• 1938  - Suzanne Lenglen, French tennis player (b. 1899)
• 1941  - Antoni Łomnicki, Polish mathematician and academic (b. 1881)
• 1943  - Władysław Sikorski, Polish general and politician, 9th Prime Minister of the Second Republic of Poland (b. 1881)
• 1946  - Taffy O'Callaghan, Welsh footballer and coach (b. 1906)
• 1948  - Monteiro Lobato, Brazilian journalist and author (b. 1882)
• 1949  - François Brandt, Dutch rower and engineer (b. 1874)
• 1963  - Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg, New Zealand general and politician, 7th Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1889)
• 1963  - Clyde Kennard, American activist and martyr (b. 1927)
• 1963  - Pingali Venkayya, Indian activist, designed the Flag of India (b. 1876)
• 1964  - Gaby Morlay, French actress and singer (b. 1893)
• 1969  - Henri Decoin, French director and screenwriter (b. 1890)
• 1970  - Barnett Newman, American painter and illustrator (b. 1905)
• 1970  - Harold Stirling Vanderbilt, American sailor and businessman (b. 1884)
• 1971  - August Derleth, American anthologist and author (b. 1909)
• 1971  - Thomas C. Hart, American admiral and politician (b. 1877)
• 1974  - Georgette Heyer, English author (b. 1902)
• 1974  - André Randall, French actor (b. 1892)
• 1976  - Yonatan Netanyahu, Israeli colonel (b. 1946)
• 1976  - Antoni Słonimski, Polish poet and playwright (b. 1895)
• 1977  - Gersh Budker, Ukrainian physicist and academic (b. 1918)
• 1979  - Lee Wai Tong, Chinese footballer and manager (b. 1905)
• 1980  - Maurice Grevisse, Belgian linguist and author (b. 1895)
• 1984  - Jimmie Spheeris, American singer-songwriter (b. 1949)
• 1986  - Paul-Gilbert Langevin, French musicologist, critique musical and physicist (b. 1933)
• 1986  - Flor Peeters, Belgian organist and composer (b. 1903)
• 1986  - Oscar Zariski, Belarusian-American mathematician and academic (b. 1899)
• 1988  - Adrian Adonis, American wrestler (b. 1954)
• 1990  - Olive Ann Burns, American journalist and author (b. 1924)
• 1991  - Victor Chang, Chinese-Australian surgeon and physician (b. 1936)
• 1991  - Art Sansom, American cartoonist (b. 1920)
• 1992  - Astor Piazzolla, Argentinian bandoneon player and composer (b. 1921)
• 1993  - Bona Arsenault, Canadian historian, genealogist, and politician (b. 1903)
• 1994  - Joey Marella, American wrestling referee (b. 1964)
• 1995  - Eva Gabor, Hungarian-American actress and singer (b. 1919)
• 1995  - Bob Ross, American painter and television host (b. 1942)
• 1997  - Charles Kuralt, American journalist (b. 1934)
• 1997  - John Zachary Young, English zoologist and neurophysiologist (b. 1907)
• 1999  - Leo Garel, American illustrator and educator (b. 1917)
• 2000  - Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, Polish journalist and author (b. 1919)
• 2002  - Gerald Bales, Canadian organist and composer (b. 1919)
• 2002  - Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., American general (b. 1912)
• 2003  - Larry Burkett, American author and radio host (b. 1939)
• 2003  - André Claveau, French singer (b. 1915)
• 2003  - Barry White, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (b. 1944)
• 2004  - Jean-Marie Auberson, Swiss violinist and conductor (b. 1920)
• 2005  - Cliff Goupille, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1915)
• 2005  - Hank Stram, American football player and coach (b. 1923)
• 2007  - Bill Pinkney, American singer (b. 1925)
• 2008  - Thomas M. Disch, American author and poet (b. 1940)
• 2008  - Jesse Helms, American politician (b. 1921)
• 2008  - Evelyn Keyes, American actress (b. 1916)
• 2008  - Terrence Kiel, American football player (b. 1980)
• 2008  - Charles Wheeler, German-English soldier and journalist (b. 1923)
• 2009  - Brenda Joyce, American actress (b. 1917)
• 2009  - Allen Klein, American businessman and talent agent, founded ABKCO Records (b. 1931)
• 2009  - Drake Levin, American guitarist (b. 1946)
• 2009  - Steve McNair, American football player (b. 1973)
• 2009  - Lasse Strömstedt, Swedish author and actor (b. 1935)
• 2009  - Jean-Baptiste Tati Loutard, Congolese poet and politician (b. 1938)
• 2010  - Robert Neil Butler, American physician and author (b. 1927)
• 2012  - Hiren Bhattacharyya, Indian poet and author (b. 1932)
• 2012  - Jimmy Bivins, American boxer (b. 1919)
• 2012  - Jeong Min-hyeong, South Korean footballer (b. 1987)
• 2012  - Eric Sykes, English actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1923)
• 2013  - Onllwyn Brace, Welsh rugby player and sportscaster (b. 1932)
• 2013  - Jack Crompton, English footballer and manager (b. 1921)
• 2013  - James Fulton, American dermatologist and academic (b. 1940)
• 2013  - Charles A. Hines, American general (b. 1935)
• 2013  - Bernie Nolan, Irish singer (b. 1960)
• 2014  - Giorgio Faletti, Italian author, screenwriter, and actor (b. 1950)
• 2014  - C. J. Henderson, American author and critic (b. 1951)
• 2014  - Earl Robinson, American baseball player (b. 1936)
• 2014  - Richard Mellon Scaife, American businessman (b. 1932)
• 2015  - Nedelcho Beronov, Bulgarian judge and politician (b. 1928)
• 2015  - William Conrad Gibbons, American historian, author, and academic (b. 1926)
• 2016  - Abbas Kiarostami, Iranian film director, screenwriter, poet, and photographer (b. 1940)
• 2017  - John Blackwell, American R&B, funk, and jazz drummer (b. 1973)
• 2017  - Daniil Granin, Soviet and Russian author (b. 1919)
• 2017  - Gene Conley, American MLB player and NBA player (b. 1930)^[41]
• 2018  - Henri Dirickx, Belgian footballer (b. 1927)
• 2018  - Robby Müller, Dutch cinematographer (b. 1940)
• 2021  - Harmoko, Indonesian politician, former parliament speaker and government minister (b. 1939)^[42]
• 2021  - Matīss Kivlenieks, Latvian ice hockey goaltender (b. 1996)^[43]
• 2022  - Cláudio Hummes, Brazilian prelate of the Catholic Church (b. 1934)^[44]
• 2022  - Kazuki Takahashi, Japanese manga artist (b. 1961)^[45]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Andrew of Crete
  • Bertha of Artois
  • Blessed Catherine Jarrige
  • Blessed Pier Giorgio Frassati
  • Elizabeth of Aragon (or of Portugal)
  • Oda of Canterbury
  • Ulrich of Augsburg
  • July 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• The first evening of Dree Festival, celebrated until July 7 (Apatani people, Arunachal Pradesh, India)
• Independence Day (United States)^[46]
• Liberation Day (Northern Mariana Islands)
• Liberation Day (Rwanda)
• Republic Day (Philippines)

External links

• Web site: On This Day . BBC.
  • Web site: Historical Events on July 4 . OnThisDay.com.

Notes and References

1. Book: Kamiya, Michinori. 53-55. Fukaku Aruku - Kamakura Shiseki Sansaku Vol. 1. Kamakura Shunshūsha. Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture. 2000. Japanese. 4-7740-0340-9.
2. Web site: Congress redesigns U.S. flag, April 4, 1818. Andrew. Glass. April 4, 2017. POLITICO.
3. Book: Weyler, Karen A. . Carlson . David J. . Watts . Edward . Chapter 11: John Neal and the Early Discourse of American Women's Rights . 248 . John Neal and Nineteenth Century American Literature and Culture . Bucknell University Press . Lewisburg, Pennsylvania . 2012 . 978-1-61148-420-5.
4. Book: Sears, Donald A. . John Neal . Twayne Publishers . Boston, Massachusetts . 1978 . 080-5-7723-08 . 98.
5. Book: Redbrick: A Social and Architectural History of Britain's Civic Universities. 33. William Whyte. 2015. Oxford University Press. 9780198716129.
6. Web site: Vicksburg. Battlefields.org. American Battlefield Trust. May 17, 2024.
7. Web site: Battle of Helena. Matthew W. Taylor. EncyclopediaOfArkansas.net. Central Arkansas Library System Encyclopedia of Arkansas. June 16, 2023. May 17, 2024.
8. Web site: Gettysburg Overview. NPS.gov. National Park Service. October 6, 2022. May 17, 2024.
9. News: July 5, 1982 . Shuttle test: 'Outstanding' was the word . The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington . 1 . Associated Press.
10. Web site: Ranter. Harro. ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu-154M RA-85845 Burdakovka. 2019-07-03. aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network.
11. Web site: Ranter. Harro. ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-123B 9XR-IS Bangui. 2021-07-03. aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network.
12. Web site: NASA - STS-121 Launch and Landing. Jim. Wilson. www.nasa.gov.
13. Web site: ASSESSING THE TERRORIST EXPLOSION IN MINSK . 2022-04-18 . Jamestown . en-US.
14. Web site: 'We did it,' says Starmer as Labour wins landslide in general election. BBC News. 5 July 2024. 5 July 2024.
15. According to Ibn Khallikan he was born on 27 Jumada al-Thani, 488 AH and died 23 Ramadan 584 AH. Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, trans. William MacGuckin, Baron de Slane, vol. 1 (Paris: 1842), p. 179. The Gregorian calendar dates are from Cobb, Usama ibn Munqidh, p. 4.
16. Web site: Oscar I king of Sweden and Norway . Encyclopedia Britannica . 15 December 2020 . en.
17. Book: Deborah. Todd. Joseph. Angelo. A to Z of Scientists in Space and Astronomy. New York. Facts of File. 2003. 200. 978-0-81604-639-3.
18. http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/first-world-war/first-world-war-1914-1918-cef/Pages/image.aspx?Image=238864a&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fdata2.archives.ca%2fcef%2fwell2%2f238864a.gif&Ecopy=238864a Thomas Longboat's CEF Attestation Paper
19. Obituary. Hubert Cecil Booth. 1871–1955. ICE Proceedings . Institution of Civil Engineers. 1955. 4. 4. 631–632. Thomas Telford Publishing. 10.1680/iicep.1955.11412. free.
20. Web site: Weingroff . Richard F. . Who Is Elizabeth Peratrovich? The Story Behind the Country's First Anti-Discrimination Law . . U.S. Federal Highway Administration . 30 December 2020.
21. Web site: STA: Poet Ciril Zlobec dies, aged 93. english.sta.si. 24 August 2018.
22. Web site: Dorothy KNODE . ITF Tennis . . 24 August 2018.
23. Web site: Gina Lollobrigida: Italian screen star dies at 95 . BBC News . 16 January 2023 . 16 January 2023.
24. Web site: Neil Simon obituary . the Guardian . 10 March 2022 . en . 26 August 2018.
25. Web site: July 4: Happy birthday, Floyd Little . denverbroncos.com . 5 May 2020.
26. Web site: Geraldo Rivera Biography . . July 21, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140313140923/http://www.biography.com/people/geraldo-rivera-9459468 . March 13, 2014 . dead .
27. Web site: Ankeny . Jason . AllMusic Biography . . 5 May 2020.
28. https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/kansanedustajat/Sivut/768.aspx Kansanedustajat: Eero Heinäluoma – Eduskunta
29. Book: Franco-Soto . Ana . Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro–Latin American Biography . Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro-Latin American Biography . 2016 . Oxford University Press . 978-0-199-93580-2 . Knight . Franklin W. . Oxford, England . Pierre, Sonia (1963–2011) . Gates, Jr . Henry Louis.
30. Web site: Kandidaat nr 167 - SIIM KABRITS. Estonian Electoral Committee.
31. The Situation. UsMagazine.com. April 8, 2018. September 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170916190216/https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrities/the-situation/ . live.
32. Web site: [{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p1114906|pure_url=yes}} Melanie Fiona > Biography]. Chisling. Matthew. AllMusic. 18 April 2010.
33. Web site: Post Malone | Biography & History. AllMusic.
34. Web site: アミューズ オフィシャル ウェブサイト - AMUSE OFFICIAL WEBSITE -. アミューズ オフィシャル ウェブサイト - AMUSE OFFICIAL WEBSITE -.
35. Web site: Russia: Who Is Polina Bogusevich?. 13 October 2017. Eurovoix. Herbert. Emily.
36. Book: Cheney . Christopher Robert . Jones . Michael . A Handbook of Dates: For Students of British History . 6 April 2000 . Cambridge University Press . 978-0-521-77845-9 . 23 . en.
37. Web site: History - John Adams . BBC . 29 March 2022.
38. Web site: Orth . John V. . Fuller, Melville Weston . The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States . Oxford University Press . 25 February 2020 . en . 10.1093/acref/9780195176612.001.0001 . 2005. 9780195176612 .
39. Book: Fitzpatrick, Matthew P.. The Kaiser and the Colonies: Monarchy in the Age of Empire. 11: The Kaiser’s Birthday Present. 2022. Oxford University Press. 9780192897039. 10.1093/oso/9780192897039.003.0012. Oxford. 319.
40. Web site: History - Marie Curie . BBC . 20 January 2020.
41. Web site: Famous Deaths on July 4. On This Day. 2020-08-25.
42. News: Cerita Keluarga soal Harmoko Terpapar COVID-19 dan Riwayat Penyakitnya. Detik.com. Annisa Rizky Fadhila. 5 July 2021. 5 July 2021. id.
43. Web site: 2021-07-05 . Jackets' Kivlenieks, 24, dies in fireworks accident . 2024-04-16 . ESPN.com . en.
44. News: Obituaries . en-US . The New York Times . 2022-07-14 . 0362-4331.
45. Web site: Ives . Mike . Ueno . Hisako . October 28, 2022 . A Celebrated Japanese Artist Died Trying to Save Others From Drowning . New York Times . 2 November 2022.
46. Web site: Independence Day History, Meaning, & Date Britannica . www.britannica.com . 9 September 2023 . en . 9 September 2023.