List of Canadian federal parliaments explained

The Parliament of Canada is the legislative body of the government of Canada. The Parliament is composed of the House of Commons (lower house), the Senate (upper house), and the sovereign, represented by the governor general. Most major legislation originates from the House, as it is the only body that is directly elected. A new parliament begins after an election of the House of Commons and can sit for up to five years. The number of seats in parliament has varied as new provinces joined the country and as population distribution between the provinces changed; there are currently 338 House MPs and 105 Senators (when there are no vacancies).

Canada uses a Westminster-style parliamentary government, in which the leader of the party with the most seats in the House of Commons becomes Prime Minister, even if the leader is not an elected member of parliament. The leader of the party with the second-most seats in the House becomes the leader of the Official Opposition, and debate (formally called Oral Questions) between the parties is presided over by the speaker of the House. When the party with the most seats has less than half of the total number of seats, it forms a minority government, which can be voted out of power by the other parties. The Canadian Parliament is located at Parliament Hill in the capital city, Ottawa, Ontario.

Parliaments

Diagram	Parliament Election^[1] ^[2] Sessions^[3]	Duration (from return of the writs to dissolution)^[4]	Government		Opposition
	Governing Party^[5] Prime Minister^[6] - Ministry^[7]		Seat counts as of election^[8] ^[9]	Official Opposition Party^[10] Leader of the Opposition	Third Parties with official party status
	1st Canadian Parliament Elected 1867 5 sessions	Sep 24, 1867  - Jul 8, 1872	Conservative Party	100 of 180 House seats	none	Liberal Party Anti-Confederation Party
	2nd Canadian Parliament Elected 1872 2 sessions	Sep 3, 1872  - Jan 2, 1874	Conservative Party (1872–1873)	99 of 200 House seats	Liberal Party	none
	Liberal Party (1873–1874)		95 of 200 House seats (minority)	Conservative Party
	3rd Canadian Parliament Elected 1874 5 sessions	Feb 21, 1874  - Aug 16, 1878	Liberal Party	129 of 206 House seats	Conservative Party	none
	4th Canadian Parliament Elected 1878 4 sessions	Nov 21, 1878  - May 18, 1882	Conservative Party	134 of 206 House seats	Liberal Party	none
	5th Canadian Parliament Elected 1882 4 sessions	Aug 7, 1882  - Jan 15, 1887	Conservative Party	133 of 211 House seats	Liberal Party	none
	6th Canadian Parliament Elected 1887 4 sessions	Apr 13, 1887  - Feb 3, 1891	Conservative Party	122 of 215 House seats	Liberal Party	none
	7th Canadian Parliament Elected 1891 6 sessions	Apr 7, 1891  - Apr 24, 1896	Conservative Party	117 of 215 House seats	Liberal Party	none
	8th Canadian Parliament Elected 1896 5 sessions	Jul 13, 1896  - Oct 9, 1900	Liberal Party	117 of 213 House seats	Conservative Party	none
	9th Canadian Parliament Elected 1900 4 sessions	Dec 5, 1900  - Sep 29, 1904	Liberal Party	128 of 213 House seats	Conservative Party	none
	10th Canadian Parliament Elected 1904 4 sessions	Dec 15, 1904  - Sep 17, 1908	Liberal Party	137 of 214 House seats	Conservative Party	none
	11th Canadian Parliament Elected 1908 3 sessions	Dec 3, 1908  - Jul 29, 1911	Liberal Party	133 of 221 House seats	Conservative Party	none
	12th Canadian Parliament Elected 1911 7 sessions	Oct 7, 1911  - Oct 6, 1917	Conservative Party	132 of 221 House seats	Liberal Party	none
	13th Canadian Parliament Elected 1917 5 sessions	Mar 16, 1918  - Oct 4, 1921	Unionist coalition (1918–1920)	153 of 235 House seats (coalition)	Laurier Liberals	none
	National Liberal and Conservative Party (1920–1921)
	14th Canadian Parliament Elected 1921 4 sessions	Jan 15, 1922  - Sep 5, 1925	Liberal Party	118 of 235 House seats	Conservative Party	Progressive Party
	15th Canadian Parliament Elected 1925 1 session	Dec 7, 1925  - Jul 2, 1926	Liberal Party (1925–1926)	100 of 245 House seats (minority)	Conservative Party (1925–1926)	Progressive Party
	Conservative Party (1926)		115 of 245 House seats (minority)	Liberal Party (1926)
	16th Canadian Parliament Elected 1926 4 sessions	Nov 2, 1926  - May 30, 1930	Liberal Party	116 of 245 House seats (minority)	Conservative Party	none
	17th Canadian Parliament Elected 1930 6 sessions	Aug 18, 1930  - Aug 14, 1935	Conservative Party	134 of 245 House seats	Liberal Party	none
	18th Canadian Parliament Elected 1935 6 sessions	Nov 9, 1935  - Jan 25, 1940	Liberal Party	173 of 245 House seats	Conservative Party	Social Credit Party
	19th Canadian Parliament Elected 1940 6 sessions	Apr 17, 1940  - Apr 16, 1945	Liberal Party	179 of 245 House seats	Conservative Party	none
	20th Canadian Parliament Elected 1945 5 sessions	Aug 9, 1945  - Apr 30, 1949	Liberal Party	118 of 245 House seats	Progressive Conservative Party	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Social Credit Party
	21st Canadian Parliament Elected 1949 7 sessions	Aug 29, 1949  - Jun 13, 1953	Liberal Party	191 of 262 House seats	Progressive Conservative Party	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
	22nd Canadian Parliament Elected 1953 5 sessions	Oct 8, 1953  - Apr 12, 1957	Liberal Party	169 of 265 House seats	Progressive Conservative Party	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Social Credit Party
	23rd Canadian Parliament Elected 1957 1 session	Aug 8, 1957  - Feb 1, 1958	Progressive Conservative Party	111 of 265 House seats (minority)	Liberal Party	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Social Credit Party
	24th Canadian Parliament Elected 1958 5 sessions	Apr 30, 1958  - Apr 19, 1962	Progressive Conservative Party	208 of 265 House seats	Liberal Party	none
	25th Canadian Parliament Elected 1962 1 session	Jul 18, 1962  - Feb 6, 1963	Progressive Conservative Party	116 of 265 House seats (minority)	Liberal Party	Social Credit Party New Democratic Party
	26th Canadian Parliament Elected 1963 3 sessions	May 8, 1963  - Sep 8, 1965	Liberal Party	128 of 265 House seats (minority)	Progressive Conservative Party	Social Credit Party New Democratic Party
	27th Canadian Parliament Elected 1965 2 sessions	Dec 9, 1965  - Apr 23, 1968	Liberal Party	131 of 265 House seats (minority)	Progressive Conservative Party	New Democratic Party
	28th Canadian Parliament Elected 1968 4 sessions	Jul 25, 1968  - Sep 1, 1972	Liberal Party	154 of 264 House seats	Progressive Conservative Party	New Democratic Party Ralliement créditiste
	29th Canadian Parliament Elected 1972 2 sessions	Nov 20, 1972  - May 9, 1974	Liberal Party	109 of 264 House seats (minority)	Progressive Conservative Party	New Democratic Party Social Credit Party
	30th Canadian Parliament Elected 1974 4 sessions	Jul 31, 1974  - Mar 26, 1979	Liberal Party	141 of 264 House seats----76 of 102 Senate seats	Progressive Conservative Party	New Democratic Party
	31st Canadian Parliament Elected 1979 1 session	Jun 11, 1979  - Dec 14, 1979	Progressive Conservative Party	136 of 282 House seats (minority)----18 of 104 Senate seats	Liberal Party	New Democratic Party
	32nd Canadian Parliament Elected 1980 2 sessions	Mar 10, 1980  - Jul 9, 1984	Liberal Party	147 of 282 House seats----71 of 104 Senate seats	Progressive Conservative Party	New Democratic Party
	33rd Canadian Parliament Elected 1984 2 sessions	Sep 24, 1984  - Oct 1, 1988	Progressive Conservative Party	211 of 282 House seats----23 of 104 Senate seats	Liberal Party	New Democratic Party
	34th Canadian Parliament Elected 1988 3 sessions	Dec 12, 1988  - Sep 8, 1993	Progressive Conservative Party	169 of 295 House seats----36 of 104 Senate seats	Liberal Party	New Democratic Party
	35th Canadian Parliament Elected 1993 2 sessions	Nov 15, 1993  - Apr 27, 1997	Liberal Party	177 of 295 House seats----41 of 104 Senate seats	Bloc Québécois	Reform Party
	36th Canadian Parliament Elected 1997 2 sessions	Jun 23, 1997  - Oct 22, 2000	Liberal Party	155 of 301 House seats----51 of 104 Senate seats	Reform Party (1997–2000)	Bloc Québécois New Democratic Party Progressive Conservative Party
	Canadian Alliance (2000)
	37th Canadian Parliament Elected 2000 3 sessions	Dec 18, 2000  - Aug 23, 2004	Liberal Party	172 of 301 House seats----55 of 105 Senate seats	Canadian Alliance (2000–2004)	Bloc Québécois New Democratic Party Progressive Conservative Party
	Conservative Party (2004)				Bloc Québécois New Democratic Party
	38th Canadian Parliament Elected 2004 1 session	Oct 19, 2004  - Nov 29, 2005	Liberal Party	135 of 308 House seats (minority)----64 of 105 Senate seats	Conservative Party	Bloc Québécois New Democratic Party
	39th Canadian Parliament Elected 2006 2 sessions	Feb 13, 2006  - Sep 7, 2008	Conservative Party	124 of 308 House seats (minority)----23 of 105 Senate seats	Liberal Party	Bloc Québécois New Democratic Party
	40th Canadian Parliament Elected 2008 3 sessions	Nov 4, 2008  - Mar 26, 2011	Conservative Party	143 of 308 House seats (minority)----21 of 105 Senate seats	Liberal Party	Bloc Québécois New Democratic Party
	41st Canadian Parliament Elected 2011 2 sessions	May 23, 2011  - Aug 2, 2015	Conservative Party	166 of 308 House seats----52 of 105 Senate seats	New Democratic Party	Liberal Party Senate Liberal Caucus
	42nd Canadian Parliament Elected 2015 1 session	Dec 3, 2015  - Sep 11, 2019	Liberal Party	184 of 338 House seats----0 of 105 Senate seats	Conservative Party	New Democratic Party Independent Senators Group Senate Liberal Caucus
	43rd Canadian Parliament Elected 2019 2 sessions	Dec 5, 2019  - Aug 15, 2021	Liberal Party	157 of 338 House seats (minority)----0 of 105 Senate seats	Conservative Party	Bloc Québécois New Democratic Party Independent Senators Group Canadian Senators Group Progressive Senate Group
	44th Canadian Parliament Elected 2021	Nov 22, 2021  - present	Liberal Party	160 of 338 House seats (minority)----0 of 105 Senate seats	Conservative Party	Bloc Québécois New Democratic Party Independent Senators Group Canadian Senators Group Progressive Senate Group

Notes and References

1. Web site: Canada . Library of Parliament . 2011-06-14 . General Elections . 2011-05-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110531123859/http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/compilations/ElectionsAndRidings/Elections.aspx?Language=E&Menu=ElectionsRidings-Election . live .
2. Web site: Canada . Library of Parliament . 2011-10-31 . Prime Ministers of Canada: Political Information - Governmental Majorities and Minorities . 2011-10-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111012035035/http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/compilations/federalgovernment/PrimeMinisters/Government.aspx . live .
3. Web site: Canada . Library of Parliament . 2011-06-18 . Parliaments - Duration of Sessions . 2011-06-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110622100256/http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/compilations/parliament/Sessions.aspx . live .
4. Web site: Canada . Library of Parliament . 2011-06-18 . Key Dates for each Parliament . 2011-07-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110710035017/http://www.parl.gc.ca/ParlInfo/compilations/parliament/KeyDates.aspx . live .
5. Web site: Canada . Library of Parliament . 2011-10-31 . Duration of Canadian Ministries: 1867 to Date . 2015-12-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151215204532/http://www.parl.gc.ca/ParlInfo/Compilations/FederalGovernment/MinistriesDuration.aspx . live .
6. Web site: Canada . Library of Parliament . 2011-06-18 . Prime Ministers of Canada . 2011-06-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110610045223/http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/compilations/federalgovernment/PrimeMinisters/Gallery.aspx . live .
7. Web site: Canada . Privy Council Office . 2011-06-18 . Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation . https://web.archive.org/web/20160105132859/http://pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/lst.asp?lang=eng&=1 . 2016-01-05 . dead .
8. Web site: Canada . Library of Parliament . 2011-10-31 . Party Standings (1980 to Date): In the House of Commons.
9. Web site: Canada . Library of Parliament . 2011-10-31 . Party Standings (1974 to date): In the Senate . 2011-10-28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111028063624/http://parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/lists/PartyStandingsHistoric.aspx?Section=b571082f-7b2d-4d6a-b30a-b6025a9cbb98 . live .
10. Web site: Canada . Library of Parliament . 2011-06-18 . Leaders of the Official Opposition in the House of Commons Since 1873 . 2012-02-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120202192844/http://www.parl.gc.ca/MarleauMontpetit/DocumentViewer.aspx?DocId=1001&Sec=Ch25&Seq=9&Language=E . live .