43rd United States Congress explained

Number:43rd
Imagedate:1877
Start:March 4, 1873
End:March 4, 1875
Vp:Henry Wilson (R)
Pro Tem:Matthew H. Carpenter (R)
Henry B. Anthony (R)
Speaker:James G. Blaine (R)
Senators:74
Reps:292
Delegates:10
S-Majority:Republican
H-Majority:Republican
Sessionnumber1:Special
Sessionstart1:March 4, 1873
Sessionend1:March 26, 1873
Sessionnumber2:1st
Sessionstart2:December 1, 1873
Sessionend2:June 23, 1874
Sessionnumber3:2nd
Sessionstart3:December 7, 1874
Sessionend3:March 4, 1875
Sessionnumber4:3rd
Previous:42nd
Next:44th

The 43rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1873, to March 4, 1875, during the fifth and sixth years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1870 United States census.

Both chambers had a Republican majority. This is the last time Republicans held a 2/3 majority in the Senate.

Major events

See also: 1873 in the United States, 1874 in the United States and 1875 in the United States.

Major legislation

Treaties

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

House of Representatives

Before this Congress, the 1870 United States Census and resulting reapportionment changed the size of the House to 292 members.

Leadership

Senate

Henry Wilson (R)

Matthew H. Carpenter (R)

House of Representatives

James G. Blaine (R)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class and Members of the House by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1874; class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1876; and class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1878.

2. George Goldthwaite (D)

3. George E. Spencer (R)

2. Powell Clayton (R)

3. Stephen W. Dorsey (R)

1. Eugene Casserly (D), until November 29, 1873

John S. Hager (D), from December 23, 1873

3. Aaron A. Sargent (R)

1. William A. Buckingham (R), until February 5, 1875

William W. Eaton (D), from February 5, 1875

3. Orris S. Ferry (LR)

1. Thomas F. Bayard Sr. (D)

2. Eli Saulsbury (D)

1. Abijah Gilbert (R)

3. Simon B. Conover (R)

2. Thomas M. Norwood (D)

3. John B. Gordon (D)

2. John A. Logan (R)

3. Richard J. Oglesby (R)

1. Daniel D. Pratt (R)

3. Oliver H. P. T. Morton (R)

2. George G. Wright (R)

3. William B. Allison (R)

2. Alexander Caldwell (R), until March 24, 1873

Robert Crozier (R), November 24, 1873 - February 12, 1874

James M. Harvey (R), from February 12, 1874

3. John J. Ingalls (R)

2. John W. Stevenson (D)

3. Thomas C. McCreery (D)

2. J. Rodman West (R)

3: vacant

1. Hannibal Hamlin (R)

2. Lot M. Morrill (R)

1. William T. Hamilton (D)

3. George R. Dennis (D)

1. Charles Sumner (LR), until March 11, 1874

William B. Washburn (R), from April 17, 1874

2. George S. Boutwell (R), from March 17, 1873

1. Zachariah Chandler (R)

2. Thomas W. Ferry (R)

1. Alexander Ramsey (R)

2. William Windom (R)

1. Adelbert Ames (R), until January 10, 1874

Henry R. Pease (R), from February 3, 1874

2. James L. Alcorn (R)

1. Carl Schurz (R)

3. Lewis V. Bogy (D)

1. Thomas Tipton (R)

2. Phineas Hitchcock (R)

1. William M. Stewart (R)

3. John P. Jones (R)

2. Aaron H. Cragin (R)

3. Bainbridge Wadleigh (R)

1. John P. Stockton (D)

2. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R)

1. Reuben E. Fenton (R)

3. Roscoe Conkling (R)

2. Matt W. Ransom (D)

3. Augustus S. Merrimon (D)

1. Allen G. Thurman (D)

3. John Sherman (R)

2. James K. Kelly (D)

3. John H. Mitchell (R)

1. John Scott (R)

3. Simon Cameron (R)

1. William Sprague IV (R)

2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

2. Thomas J. Robertson (R)

3. John J. Patterson (R)

1. William G. Brownlow (R)

2. Henry Cooper (D)

1. James W. Flanagan (R)

2. Morgan C. Hamilton (LR)

1. George F. Edmunds (R)

3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

1. John F. Lewis (R)

2. John W. Johnston (D)

1. Arthur I. Boreman (R)

2. Henry G. Davis (D)

1. Matthew H. Carpenter (R)

3. Timothy O. Howe (R)

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

. Frederick G. Bromberg (LR)

. James T. Rapier (R)

. Charles Pelham (R)

. Charles Hays (R)

. John H. Caldwell (D)

. Joseph H. Sloss (D)

. Charles C. Sheats (R)

. Alexander White (R)

. Asa Hodges (R)

. Oliver P. Snyder (R)

. William W. Wilshire (R), until June 16, 1874

Thomas M. Gunter (D), from June 16, 1874

. William J. Hynes (LR)

. Charles Clayton (R)

. Horace F. Page (R)

. John K. Luttrell (D)

. Sherman O. Houghton (R)

. Joseph R. Hawley (R)

. Stephen W. Kellogg (R)

. Henry H. Starkweather (R)

. William H. Barnum (D)

. James R. Lofland (R)

. Josiah T. Walls (R)

. William J. Purman (R), until January 25, 1875

. Morgan Rawls (D), until March 24, 1874

Andrew Sloan (R), from March 24, 1874

. Richard H. Whiteley (R)

. Philip Cook (D)

. Henry R. Harris (D)

. James C. Freeman (R)

. James H. Blount (D)

. Pierce M. B. Young (D)

. Alexander H. Stephens (D), from December 1, 1873

. Hiram P. Bell (D)

. John B. Rice (R), until December 17, 1874

Bernard G. Caulfield (D), from February 1, 1875

. Jasper D. Ward (R)

. Charles B. Farwell (R)

. Stephen A. Hurlbut (R)

. Horatio C. Burchard (R)

. John B. Hawley (R)

. Franklin Corwin (R)

. Greenbury L. Fort (R)

. Granville Barrere (R)

. William H. Ray (R)

. Robert M. Knapp (D)

. James C. Robinson (D)

. John McNulta (R)

. Joseph G. Cannon (R)

. John R. Eden (D)

. James S. Martin (R)

. William R. Morrison (D)

. Isaac Clements (R)

. Samuel S. Marshall (D)

. William E. Niblack (D)

. Simeon K. Wolfe (D)

. William S. Holman (D)

. Jeremiah M. Wilson (R)

. John Coburn (R)

. Morton C. Hunter (R)

. Thomas J. Cason (R)

. James N. Tyner (R)

. John P. C. Shanks (R)

. Henry B. Sayler (R)

. Jasper Packard (R)

. Godlove S. Orth (R)

. William Williams (R)

. George W. McCrary (R)

. Aylett R. Cotton (R)

. William G. Donnan (R)

. Henry O. Pratt (R)

. James Wilson (R)

. William Loughridge (R)

. John A. Kasson (R)

. James W. McDill (R)

. Jackson Orr (R)

. Stephen A. Cobb (R)

. David P. Lowe (R)

. William A. Phillips (R)

. Edward Crossland (D)

. John Y. Brown (D)

. Charles W. Milliken (D)

. William B. Read (D)

. Elisha D. Standiford (D)

. William E. Arthur (D)

. James B. Beck (D)

. Milton J. Durham (D)

. George M. Adams (D)

. John D. Young (D)

. J. Hale Sypher (R), until March 3, 1875

Effingham Lawrence (D), from March 3, 1875

. Lionel A. Sheldon (R)

. Chester B. Darrall (R)

. George L. Smith (R), from November 24, 1873

. Frank Morey (R)

. George A. Sheridan (LR) from March 3, 1875

. John H. Burleigh (R)

. William P. Frye (R)

. James G. Blaine (R)

. Samuel F. Hersey (R), until February 3, 1875

. Eugene Hale (R)

. Ephraim K. Wilson II (D)

. Stevenson Archer (D)

. William J. O'Brien (D)

. Thomas Swann (D)

. William Albert (R)

. Lloyd Lowndes Jr. (R)

. James Buffington (R)

. Benjamin W. Harris (R)

. William Whiting (R), until June 29, 1873

Henry L. Pierce (R), from December 1, 1873

. Samuel Hooper (R)

. Daniel W. Gooch (R)

. Benjamin F. Butler (R)

. Ebenezer R. Hoar (R)

. John M. S. Williams (R)

. George F. Hoar (R)

. Alvah Crocker (R), until December 26, 1874

Charles A. Stevens (R), from January 27, 1875

. Henry L. Dawes (R)

. Moses W. Field (R)

. Henry Waldron (R)

. George Willard (R)

. Julius C. Burrows (R)

. Wilder D. Foster (R), until September 20, 1873

William B. Williams (R), from December 1, 1873

. Josiah Begole (R)

. Omar D. Conger (R)

. Nathan B. Bradley (R)

. Jay A. Hubbell (R)

. Mark H. Dunnell (R)

. Horace B. Strait (R)

. John T. Averill (R)

. Lucius Q. C. Lamar (D)

. Albert R. Howe (R)

. Henry W. Barry (R)

. Jason Niles (R)

. George C. McKee (R)

. John R. Lynch (R)

. Edwin O. Stanard (R)

. Erastus Wells (D)

. William H. Stone (D)

. Robert A. Hatcher (D)

. Richard P. Bland (D)

. Harrison E. Havens (R)

. Thomas T. Crittenden (D)

. Abram Comingo (D)

. Isaac C. Parker (R)

. Ira B. Hyde (R)

. John B. Clark Jr. (D)

. John M. Glover (D)

. Aylett H. Buckner (D)

. Lorenzo Crounse (R)

. Charles W. Kendall (D)

. William B. Small (R)

. Austin F. Pike (R)

. Hosea W. Parker (D)

. John W. Hazelton (R)

. Samuel A. Dobbins (R)

. Amos Clark Jr. (R)

. Robert Hamilton (D)

. William W. Phelps (R)

. Marcus L. Ward (R)

. Isaac W. Scudder (R)

. Henry J. Scudder (R)

. John G. Schumaker (D)

. Stewart L. Woodford (R), until July 1, 1874

Simeon B. Chittenden (IR), from November 3, 1874

. Philip S. Crooke (R)

. William R. Roberts (D)

. James Brooks (D), until April 30, 1873

Samuel S. Cox (D), from November 4, 1873

. Thomas J. Creamer (D)

. John D. Lawson (R)

. David B. Mellish (R), until May 23, 1874

Richard Schell (D), from December 7, 1874

. Fernando Wood (D)

. Clarkson N. Potter (D)

. Charles St. John (R)

. John O. Whitehouse (D)

. David M. De Witt (D)

. Eli Perry (D)

. James S. Smart (R)

. Robert S. Hale (R)

. William A. Wheeler (R)

. Henry H. Hathorn (R)

. David Wilber (R)

. Clinton L. Merriam (R)

. Ellis H. Roberts (R)

. William E. Lansing (R)

. R. Holland Duell (R)

. Clinton D. MacDougall (R)

. William H. Lamport (R)

. Thomas C. Platt (R)

. H. Boardman Smith (R)

. Freeman Clarke (R)

. George G. Hoskins (R)

. Lyman K. Bass (R)

. Walter L. Sessions (R)

. Lyman Tremain (R)

. Clinton L. Cobb (R)

. Charles R. Thomas (R)

. Alfred M. Waddell (D)

. William A. Smith (R)

. James M. Leach (D)

. Thomas S. Ashe (D)

. William M. Robbins (D)

. Robert B. Vance (D)

. Milton Sayler (D)

. Henry B. Banning (LR)

. John Q. Smith (R)

. Lewis B. Gunckel (R)

. Charles N. Lamison (D)

. Isaac R. Sherwood (R)

. Lawrence T. Neal (D)

. William Lawrence (R)

. James W. Robinson (R)

. Charles Foster (R)

. Hezekiah S. Bundy (R)

. Hugh J. Jewett (D), until June 23, 1874

William E. Finck (D), from December 7, 1874

. Milton I. Southard (D)

. John Berry (D)

. William P. Sprague (R)

. Lorenzo Danford (R)

. Laurin D. Woodworth (R)

. James Monroe (R)

. James A. Garfield (R)

. Richard C. Parsons (R)

. Joseph G. Wilson (R), until July 2, 1873

James W. Nesmith (D), from December 1, 1873

. Samuel J. Randall (D)

. Charles O'Neill (R)

. Leonard Myers (R)

. William D. Kelley (R)

. Alfred C. Harmer (R)

. James S. Biery (R)

. Washington Townsend (R)

. Hiester Clymer (D)

. A. Herr Smith (R)

. John W. Killinger (R)

. John B. Storm (D)

. Lazarus D. Shoemaker (R)

. James D. Strawbridge (R)

. John B. Packer (R)

. John A. Magee (D)

. John Cessna (R)

. R. Milton Speer (D)

. Sobieski Ross (R)

. Carlton B. Curtis (R)

. Hiram L. Richmond (R)

. Alexander W. Taylor (R)

. James S. Negley (R)

. Ebenezer McJunkin (R), until January 1, 1875

John M. Thompson (R), from January 5, 1875

. William S. Moore (R)

. Charles Albright (R)

. Glenni W. Scofield (R)

. Lemuel Todd (R)

. Benjamin T. Eames (R)

. James M. Pendleton (R)

. Joseph Rainey (R)

. Alonzo J. Ransier (R)

. Robert B. Elliott (R), until November 1, 1874

Lewis C. Carpenter (R), from November 3, 1874

. Alexander S. Wallace (R)

. Richard H. Cain (R)

. Roderick R. Butler (R)

. Jacob M. Thornburgh (R)

. William Crutchfield (R)

. John M. Bright (D)

. Horace Harrison (R)

. Washington C. Whitthorne (D)

. John D. C. Atkins (D)

. David A. Nunn (R)

. Barbour Lewis (R)

. Horace Maynard (R)

. William S. Herndon (D)

. William P. McLean (D)

. De Witt C. Giddings (D)

. John Hancock (D)

. Roger Q. Mills (D)

. Asa H. Willie (D)

. Charles W. Willard (R)

. Luke P. Poland (R)

. George W. Hendee (R)

. James B. Sener (R)

. James H. Platt Jr. (R)

. J. Ambler Smith (R)

. William H. H. Stowell (R)

. Alexander Davis (D), until March 5, 1874

Christopher Thomas (R), from March 5, 1874

. Thomas Whitehead (D)

. John T. Harris (D)

. Eppa Hunton, II (D)

. Rees Bowen (D)

. John J. Davis (ID)

. John Hagans (R)

. Frank Hereford (D)

. Charles G. Williams (R)

. Gerry W. Hazelton (R)

. J. Allen Barber (R)

. Alexander Mitchell (D)

. Charles A. Eldredge (D)

. Philetus Sawyer (R)

. Jeremiah M. Rusk (R)

. Alexander S. McDill (R)

Non-voting members

. Richard C. McCormick (NU)

. Jerome B. Chaffee (R)

. Moses K. Armstrong (D)

. Norton P. Chipman (R)

. John Hailey (D)

. Martin Maginnis (D)

. Stephen B. Elkins (R)

. George Q. Cannon (R)

. Obadiah B. McFadden (D)

. William R. Steele (D)

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate.

|-| Massachusetts (2)| Vacant| Henry Wilson resigned in previous congress after becoming Vice President of the United States.
Successor elected March 17, 1873.| nowrap | George S. Boutwell (R)| March 17, 1873

|-| Mississippi (1)| nowrap | Adelbert Ames (R)| Resigned March 17, 1873, after being elected Governor of Mississippi.
Successor elected February 3, 1874.| nowrap | Henry R. Pease (R)| February 3, 1874

|-| Kansas (2)| nowrap | Alexander Caldwell (R)| Resigned March 24, 1873.
Successor appointed November 24, 1873.| nowrap | Robert Crozier (R)| November 24, 1873

|-| California (1)| nowrap | Eugene Casserly (D)| Resigned November 29, 1873.
Successor elected December 23, 1873.| nowrap | John S. Hager (D)| December 23, 1873

|-| Kansas (2)| nowrap | Robert Crozier (R)| Interim appointee retired when successor elected February 2, 1874.| nowrap | James M. Harvey (R)| February 2, 1874

|-| Massachusetts (1)| nowrap | Charles Sumner (LR)| Died March 11, 1874.
Successor elected April 17, 1874.| nowrap | William B. Washburn (R)| April 17, 1874

|-| Connecticut (1)| nowrap | William A. Buckingham (R)| Died February 5, 1875.
Successor appointed February 5, 1875, having already been elected to the next tern.| nowrap | William W. Eaton (D)| February 5, 1875

|}

House of Representatives

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives. |-| | Vacant| style="font-size:80%" | Rep-elect Samuel Peters died before taking seat| nowrap | George L. Smith (R)| November 24, 1873|-| | Vacant| style="font-size:80%" | Rep-elect Ambrose R. Wright died before taking seat| nowrap | Alexander H. Stephens (D)| December 1, 1873|-| | nowrap | James Brooks (D)| style="font-size:80%" | Died April 30, 1873| nowrap | Samuel S. Cox (D)| November 4, 1873|-| | nowrap | William Whiting (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Died June 29, 1873| nowrap | Henry L. Pierce (R)| December 1, 1873|-| | nowrap | Joseph G. Wilson (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Died July 2, 1873| nowrap | James Nesmith (D)| December 1, 1873|-| | nowrap | Wilder D. Foster (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Died September 20, 1873| nowrap | William B. Williams (R)| December 1, 1873|-| | nowrap | Alexander Davis (D)| style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election March 5, 1874| nowrap | Christopher Thomas (R)| March 5, 1874|-| | nowrap | Morgan Rawls (D)| style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election March 24, 1874| nowrap | Andrew Sloan (R)| March 24, 1874|-| | nowrap | David B. Mellish (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Died May 23, 1874| nowrap | Richard Schell (D)| December 7, 1874|-| | nowrap | William W. Wilshire (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election June 16, 1874| nowrap | Thomas M. Gunter (D)| June 16, 1874|-| | nowrap | Hugh J. Jewett (D)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned June 23, 1874, after becoming President of the Erie Railroad | nowrap | William E. Finck (D)| December 7, 1874|-| | nowrap | Stewart L. Woodford (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 1, 1874| nowrap | Simeon B. Chittenden (IR)| November 3, 1874|-| | nowrap | Robert B. Elliott (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned November 1, 1874| nowrap | Lewis C. Carpenter (R)| November 3, 1874|-| | nowrap | John B. Rice (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Died December 17, 1874| nowrap | Bernard G. Caulfield (D)| February 1, 1875|-| | nowrap | Alvah Crocker (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Died December 26, 1874| nowrap | Charles A. Stevens (R)| January 27, 1875|-| | nowrap | Ebenezer McJunkin (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 1, 1875| nowrap | John M. Thompson (R)| January 5, 1875|-| | nowrap | William J. Purman (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 25, 1875| Vacant| Not filled this term|-| | nowrap | Samuel F. Hersey (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Died February 3, 1875| Vacant| Not filled this term|-| | nowrap | J. Hale Sypher (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election March 3, 1875| nowrap | Effingham Lawrence (D)| March 3, 1875|-| | Vacant| style="font-size:80%" | Contested election originally won by Pinckney Pinchback| nowrap | George A.Sheridan (R)| March 3, 1875|}

Committees

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Edward Clark

Ainsworth Rand Spofford

Senate

John P. Newman (Methodist), until December 8, 1873

George S. Wagner

George C. Gorham

John R. French

House of Representatives

John G. Butler (Presbyterian)

Edward McPherson

John M. Barclay

Otis S. Buxton

Henry Sherwood, elected December 1, 1873

Charles N. Clisbee (D) and William K. Mehaffey (R)

Nehemiah G. Ordway

See also

References

External links

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