432 BC explained

Year 432 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Mamercus, Albinus and Medullinus (or, less frequently, year 322 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 432 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By place

Greece

• Sparta calls and hosts a conference of the Peloponnesian League. The conference is attended by Athenian representatives as well as members of the League. Following arguments by Corinth against Athens, a majority of the League members vote to declare that the Athenians had broken the peace.^[1]
• The Athenian admiral, Phormio, continues the siege of Potidaea by blocking the entrance to the Gulf of Corinth. Meanwhile an Athenian fleet, led by Archestratus, sails for Potidaea. However, instead of attacking Potidaea, they attack the Macedonians under Perdiccas II, who have allied with the Potidaeans. The Athenians capture Therma (modern Thessalonica) and then go on to besiege Pydna. However, as the Athenians are besieging Pydna, they receive news that Corinth has sent a force under the command of Aristeus to support Potidaea. In response, Athens sends more troops and ships under the command of Hipponicus. The combined Athenian force sails to Potidaea and lands there. In the ensuing Battle of Potidaea, the Athenians are victorious against Corinth and its allies.

Italy

• The Greek colony of Heraclea in Southern Italy is founded by colonists from Tarentum and Thurii.^[2]

China

• The Chinese Marquis Yi of Zeng is buried (approximate date) with lavish tomb items including a 65 set of bronze bells (bianzhong) with five octave musical scale and two musical tones that can be produced by each bell. Marquis Yi was from the State of Chu during the Warring States phase of the Zhou dynasty.^[3]

By topic

Astronomy

• Meton of Athens, a Greek mathematician and astronomer, calculates accurately the comparative chronology of the solar and lunar cycles. As a result, he introduces the 19-year Metonic cycle into the Athenian calendar as a method of calculating dates. Working with Euctemon, he observes the summer solstice on 27 June.^[4]

Architecture

• Pheidias completes the sculptures that form the decoration of the Parthenon in Athens.^[5]

Births

• Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse (d. 367 BC) (approximate birth date)

Notes and References

1. Book: M. G. L.. Cooley. Sparta. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 2024. 978-1-00938-277-9. 216.
2. Book: Bartoněk, Antonín. Classification of the West Greek Dialects at the Time about 350 B.C.. Adolf M. Hakkert. Amsterdam. 1972. 90. 781564.
3. Book: Yu. Hui. Jonathan P.J.. Stock. The Oxford Handbook of Music in China and the Chinese Diaspora. New York. Oxford University Press. 2023. 978-0-19066-198-4. 11.
4. Book: Zhmud, Leonid. The Origin of the History of Science in Classical Antiquity. De Gruyter. Berlin. 2006. 978-3-11017-966-8. 267–268.
5. Book: Silver, Larry. Art in History. Englewood Cliffs NJ. Prentice Hall. 1993. 978-0-13052-333-4. 51.