40S ribosomal protein S9 explained

40S ribosomal protein S9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS9 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S4P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Variable expression of this gene in colorectal cancers compared to adjacent normal tissues has been observed, although no correlation between the level of expression and the severity of the disease has been found. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, multiple processed pseudogenes derived from this gene are dispersed through the genome.^[3]

Further reading

• Wool IG, Chan YL, Glück A . Structure and evolution of mammalian ribosomal proteins. . Biochem. Cell Biol. . 73 . 11–12 . 933–47 . 1996 . 8722009 . 10.1139/o95-101 .
• Mundus DA, Bulygin KN, Yamkovoy VI, etal . Structural arrangement of the codon-anticodon interaction area in human placenta ribosomes. Affinity labelling of the 40S subunits by derivatives of oligoribonucleotides containing the AUG codon. . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1173 . 3 . 273–82 . 1993 . 8318536 . 10.1016/0167-4781(93)90124-v.
• Vladimirov SN, Ivanov AV, Karpova GG, etal . Characterization of the human small-ribosomal-subunit proteins by N-terminal and internal sequencing, and mass spectrometry. . Eur. J. Biochem. . 239 . 1 . 144–9 . 1996 . 8706699 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0144u.x . free .
• Yu Z, Ford BN, Glickman BW . Identification of genes responsive to BPDE treatment in HeLa cells using cDNA expression assays. . Environ. Mol. Mutagen. . 36 . 3 . 201–5 . 2000 . 11044901 . 10.1002/1098-2280(2000)36:3<201::AID-EM3>3.0.CO;2-1 . 19391792 . free .
• Bortoluzzi S, d'Alessi F, Romualdi C, Danieli GA . Differential expression of genes coding for ribosomal proteins in different human tissues. . Bioinformatics . 17 . 12 . 1152–7 . 2002 . 11751223 . 10.1093/bioinformatics/17.12.1152 . free .
• Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, etal . Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus. . Curr. Biol. . 12 . 1 . 1–11 . 2002 . 11790298 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9 . 14132033 . free . 2002CBio...12....1A .
• Yoshihama M, Uechi T, Asakawa S, etal . The human ribosomal protein genes: sequencing and comparative analysis of 73 genes. . Genome Res. . 12 . 3 . 379–90 . 2002 . 11875025 . 10.1101/gr.214202 . 155282 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Dubois T, Zemlickova E, Howell S, Aitken A . Centaurin-alpha 1 associates in vitro and in vivo with nucleolin. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 301 . 2 . 502–8 . 2003 . 12565890 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)03010-3 .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Andersen JS, Lam YW, Leung AK, etal . Nucleolar proteome dynamics. . Nature . 433 . 7021 . 77–83 . 2005 . 15635413 . 10.1038/nature03207 . 2005Natur.433...77A . 4344740 .
• Yu Y, Ji H, Doudna JA, Leary JA . Mass spectrometric analysis of the human 40S ribosomal subunit: native and HCV IRES-bound complexes. . Protein Sci. . 14 . 6 . 1438–46 . 2005 . 15883184 . 10.1110/ps.041293005 . 2253395 .
• Tu LC, Yan X, Hood L, Lin B . Proteomics analysis of the interactome of N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 and its interactions with the androgen response program in prostate cancer cells. . Mol. Cell. Proteomics . 6 . 4 . 575–88 . 2007 . 17220478 . 10.1074/mcp.M600249-MCP200 . free.
• Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, etal . Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry. . Mol. Syst. Biol. . 3 . 1. 89 . 2007 . 17353931 . 10.1038/msb4100134 . 1847948 .

Notes and References

1. Frigerio JM, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL . Cloning, sequencing and expression of the L5, L21, L27a, L28, S5, S9, S10 and S29 human ribosomal protein mRNAs . Biochim Biophys Acta . 1262 . 1 . 64–8 . Jul 1995 . 7772601 . 10.1016/0167-4781(95)00045-i.
2. Kenmochi N, Kawaguchi T, Rozen S, Davis E, Goodman N, Hudson TJ, Tanaka T, Page DC . A map of 75 human ribosomal protein genes . Genome Res . 8 . 5 . 509–23 . Aug 1998 . 9582194 . 10.1101/gr.8.5.509. free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: RPS9 ribosomal protein S9.