4-PPBP explained

4-PPBP is a neuroprotective cyclic amine which binds to sigma receptors.^[1]

4-PPBP decreases neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activity and ischemia-evoked nitric oxide (NO) production. 4-PPBP provides neuroprotection; this involves the prevention of ischemia-induced intracellular Ca²⁺ dysregulation.^[2] 4-PPBP protects neurons using a mechanism that activates the transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB). Neuroprotection that is associated with 4-PPBP increases Bcl-2 expression; Bcl-2 expression is regulated by CREB.^[3]

See also

• 3-PPP

Notes and References

1. Yang S, Bhardwaj A, Cheng J, Alkayed NJ, Hurn PD, Kirsch JR . Sigma receptor agonists provide neuroprotection in vitro by preserving bcl-2 . Anesthesia and Analgesia . 104 . 5 . 1179–84, tables of contents . May 2007 . 17456670 . 2596726 . 10.1213/01.ane.0000260267.71185.73 .
2. Yang ZJ, Carter EL, Torbey MT, Martin LJ, Koehler RC . Sigma receptor ligand 4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl)-piperidine modulates neuronal nitric oxide synthase/postsynaptic density-95 coupling mechanisms and protects against neonatal ischemic degeneration of striatal neurons . Experimental Neurology . 221 . 1 . 166–74 . January 2010 . 19883643 . 2812675 . 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.10.019 .
3. Yang S, Alkayed NJ, Hurn PD, Kirsch JR . Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein phosphorylation and neuroprotection by 4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl) piperidine (PPBP) . Anesthesia and Analgesia . 108 . 3 . 964–70 . March 2009 . 19224810 . 2828492 . 10.1213/ane.0b013e318192442c .