4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone explained

4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (4-MePPP, MPPP or MαPPP) is a stimulant drug and substituted cathinone. It is structurally very similar to α-PPP, with only one added methyl group in the para position on the phenyl ring. 4-MePPP was sold in Germany as a designer drug in the late 1990s and early 2000s,[1] [2] [3] along with a number of other pyrrolidinophenone derivatives.[4] [5] Although it has never achieved the same international popularity as its better-known relations α-PPP and MDPV, 4-MePPP is still sometimes found as an ingredient of grey-market "bath salt" blends[6] such as "NRG-3".

Legality

In the United States 4-MePPP is considered a schedule 1 controlled substance as an positional isomer of alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP)[7]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Springer D, Peters FT, Fritschi G, Maurer HH . Studies on the metabolism and toxicological detection of the new designer drug 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry . Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences . 773 . 1 . 25–33 . June 2002 . 12015267 . 10.1016/S1570-0232(01)00578-5 .
  2. Springer D, Paul LD, Staack RF, Kraemer T, Maurer HH . Identification of cytochrome p450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, a novel scheduled designer drug, in human liver microsomes . Drug Metabolism and Disposition . 31 . 8 . 979–982 . August 2003 . 12867484 . 10.1124/dmd.31.8.979 .
  3. Springer D, Fritschi G, Maurer HH . Metabolism of the new designer drug alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (PPP) and the toxicological detection of PPP and 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MPPP) studied in rat urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry . Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences . 796 . 2 . 253–266 . November 2003 . 14581066 . 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.07.008 .
  4. Maurer HH, Kraemer T, Springer D, Staack RF . Chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and hepatic metabolism of designer drugs of the amphetamine (ecstasy), piperazine, and pyrrolidinophenone types: a synopsis . Therapeutic Drug Monitoring . 26 . 2 . 127–131 . April 2004 . 15228152 . 10.1097/00007691-200404000-00007 . 9255084 .
  5. Staack RF, Maurer HH . Metabolism of designer drugs of abuse . Current Drug Metabolism . 6 . 3 . 259–274 . June 2005 . 15975043 . 10.2174/1389200054021825 .
  6. Brandt SD, Freeman S, Sumnall HR, Measham F, Cole J . Analysis of NRG 'legal highs' in the UK: identification and formation of novel cathinones . Drug Testing and Analysis . 3 . 9 . 569–575 . September 2011 . 21960541 . 10.1002/dta.204 .
  7. Web site: Lists of: Scheduling Actions Controlled Substances Regulated Chemicals. U.S. Department of Justice. February 2023. 5 March 2023.

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